Frey syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.075Keywords
Frey syndrome, auriculotemporal nerve, tympanic nerve, greater auricular nerve, parotidectomyAbstract
Frey syndrome is a condition of gustatory sweating and hyperemia related to damage of the auriculotemporal nerve. It affects around 80% of patients after parotidectomy. Syndrome may be easily diagnosed with an iodine-starch test, even in patients without symptoms, which are about 20% depending on studies. Authors searched PubMed and Google Scholar using searchterms Frey syndrome, auriculotemporal nerve, greater auricular nerve, tympanic nerve, parotidectomy. We manually searched the references of selected articles for additional relevant articles. We selected articles relevant to a general medicine readership and prioritized systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines and cases. The literature contains the latest reports on Frey syndrome. Symptoms of Frey syndrome are: redding of the skin due to vasodilatation, excessive sweating or tingling and burning sensation of the cheek skin. Clinicians should pay attention to frey syndrome in patients after parotid gland surgery. Treatment includes botulinum toxin type A most commonly, topical injection of alcohol, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate and less common surgical treatment including transection of auriculotemporal nerve. Frey syndrome is not such a rare disease and should be always considered by clinicians because it may worsen the quality of patients' life.
References
Motz KM, Kim YJ. Auriculotemporal Syndrome (Frey Syndrome). Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(2):501–9.
Li C, Wu F, Zhang Q, Gao Q, Shi Z, Li L. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Interventions for the treatment of Frey’s syndrome (Review). 2015;(3).
O’Neill JP, Condron C, Curran A, Walsh M. Lucja Frey - Historical relevance and syndrome review. Surgeon. 2008;6(3):178–81.
Young A, Okuyemi O. Frey Syndrome. In Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
Guntinas-Lichius O, Gabriel B, Klussmann JP. Risk of facial palsy and severe Frey’s syndrome after conservative parotidectomy for benign disease: Analysis of 610 operations. Acta Otolaryngol. 2006;126(10):1104–9.
Linder TE, Huber A, Schmid S. Frey’s syndrome after parotidectomy: A retrospective and prospective analysis. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(11):1496–501.
Mantelakis A, Lafford G, Lee CW, Spencer H, Deval JL, Joshi A. Frey’s Syndrome: A Review of Aetiology and Treatment. Cureus. 2021;13(12).
Dulguerov P, Quinodoz D, Cosendai G, Piletta P, Marchal F, Lehmann W. Prevention of Frey syndrome during parotidectomy. Arch Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 1999;125(8):833–9.
Blanc S, Bourrier T, Boralevi F, Sabouraud-Leclerc D, Pham-Thi N, Couderc L, Deschildre A, Dutau G, Albertini M, Tran A, Giovannini-Chami L, Pauliat-Desbordes S, Cordier-Collet MP, Castella C, Coffinet L, Dumond P, Payot F, Moreigne M, Gouranton M, Donnou MD, Belloy C, Turc Y, Ghazouani J, Terrisse M, Grué-Fertin P, Rouyer C, Hasselmann C, Collet C. Frey Syndrome. J Pediatr. 2016;174:211-217.e2.
Hignett SM, Judd O. Frey’s syndrome: A review of the physiology and possible role of neurotrophic factors. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2021;6(3):420–4.
Kluger N, Jegou MH. Syndrome de Frey (Syndrome auriculo-temporal). Press Medicale. 2015;44(11):1206–7.
Green RJ, Endersby S, Allen J, Adams J. Role of medical thermography in treatment of Frey’s syndrome with botulinum toxin A. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;52(1):90–2.
Laccourreye O, Bernard D, Lacharriere O, Bazin R, Brasnu D. Frey’s syndrome analysis with biosensor: A Preliminary Study. Arch Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 1993;119(9):940–4.
Jabbari B, Lakraj AAD, Moghimi N. Hyperhidrosis: Anatomy, pathophysiology and treatment with emphasis on the role of botulinum Toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2013;5(4):821–40.
Charles-Harris H, Rodriguez B. First Bite Syndrome: Presentation of a Patient Status-Post Right Carotid Endarterectomy. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2021;55(1):64–8.
Gunter AE, Llewellyn CM, Perez PB, Hohman MH, Roofe SB. First Bite Syndrome Following Rhytidectomy: A Case Report. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021;130(1):92–7.
Linkov G, Morris LGT, Shah JP, Kraus DH. First bite syndrome: Incidence, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes. Laryngoscope. 2012;122(8):1773–8.
Mansour Y, Kulesza R. A Rare Variation Of The Glossopharyngeal Nerve. Anat Cell Biol. 2021;54(2):285–8.
Gardner WJ, McCubbin JW. Auriculotemporal syndrome; gustatory sweating due to misdirection of regenerated nerve fibers. J Am Med Assoc. 1956;160(4):272–7.
Jacobsen N, Hopkins C. The bullet that hit a nerve: The history of Lucja Frey and her syndrome. J Laryngol Otol. 2006;120(3):178–80.
Motz KM, Young JK. Auriculotemporal Syndrome (Frey Syndrome). Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(2):501–9.
de Bree R, van der Waal I, Leemans CR. Managment of Frey Syndrome. Head Neck. 2007;29(8):773–8.
Wood CB, Netterville JL. Temporoparietal frey syndrome: An uncommon variant of a common syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2019;129(9):2071–5.
Ford FR. Paroxysmal lacrimation during eating as a sequel of facial palsy: Syndrome of crocodile tears. J Am Med Assoc. 1939;113(26):2310–1.
Kamath RAD, Bharani S, Prabhakar S. Frey’s Syndrome Consequent to an Unusual Pattern of Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation: Case Report with Review of Its Incidence and Etiology. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2013;6(1):1–7.
Laage-hellman JE. Gustatory sweating and flushing: Aetiological implications of response of separate sweat glands to various stimulli. Acta Otolaryngol. 1958;49(1):363–74.
Yuen EC, Howe CL, Li Y, Holtzman DM, Mobley WC. Nerve growth factor and the neurotrophic factor hypothesis. Brain Dev. 1996;18(5):362–8.
Baloh RH, Enomoto H, Johnson EM, Milbrandt J. The GDNF family ligands and receptors - Implications for neural development. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2000;10(1):103–10.
Rossi J, Tomac A, Saarma M, Airaksinen MS. Distinct roles for GFRα1 and GFRα2 signalling in different cranial parasympathetic ganglia in vivo. Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12(11):3944–52.
Ferreira JNA, Zheng C, Lombaert IMA, Goldsmith CM, Cotrim AP, Symonds JM, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Neurturin Gene Therapy Protects Parasympathetic Function to Prevent Irradiation-Induced Murine Salivary Gland Hypofunction. Mol Ther - Methods Clin Dev. 2018;9(June):172–80.
Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Kaufmann H. Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome): When baroreceptor feedback fails. Auton Neurosci Basic Clin [Internet]. 2012;172(1–2):26–30. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2012.10.012
Wasner G, Maag R, Ludwig J, Binder A, Schattschneider J, Stingele R, Baron R. Harlequin syndrome--one face of many etiologies. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2005;1(1):54–9.
Drummond PD. Mechanism of gustatory flushing in Frey’s syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 2002;12(3):144–6.
Eedy DJ, Shaw C, Armstrong EP, Johnston CF, Buchanan KD. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM) in human eccrine sweat glands: Demonstration of innervation, specific binding sites and presence in secretions. Br J Dermatol. 1990;123(1):65–76.
Modin A, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JM. Nitric oxide regulates peptide release from parasympathetic nerves and vascular reactivity to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994;261(1–2):185–97.
Zhu BS, Blessing WW, Gibbins IL. Parasympathetic innervation of cephalic arteries in rabbits: Comparison with sympathetic and sensory innervation. J Comp Neurol. 1997;389(3):484–95.
Frey Ł. Przypadek zespołu nerwu usznoskroniowego. Pol Gaz Lek. 1923;41:708–10.
Grzybowski A, Sak J. Łucja Frey (1889–1942). J Neurol. 2016;263(11):2358–9.
Giovannini-Chami L, Blanc S, Albertini M, Bourrier T. Frey’s syndrome: Differential diagnosis of food allergy. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99(5):457.
Petel R. Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome (Frey’s syndrome): A literature review and case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2019;37:414–6.
Tillman BN, Lesperance MM, Brinkmeier J V. Infantile Frey’s syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(6):929–31.
Sethuraman G, Mancini AJ. Familial auriculotemporal nerve (frey) syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol. 2009;26(3):302–5.
Marchese MR, Bussu F, Settimi S, Scarano E, Almadori G, Galli J. Not only gustatory sweating and flushing: Signs and symptoms associated to the Frey syndrome and the role of botulinum toxin A therapy. Head Neck. 2021;43(3):949–55.
Gonzalez-Mendiola R, Sanchez-Fernandez C, De la Hoz-Caballer B, Prieto-Montano P, Munoz-Martin T, Garcıa-Gonzalez MC, Sanchez-Cano M. Auriculotemporal syndrome: differential diagnostic of food allergy. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;58:1315–7.
Steffen A, Rotter N, König IR, Wollenberg B. Botulinum toxin for Frey’s syndrome: A closer look at different treatment responses. J Laryngol Otol. 2012;126(2):185–9.
Pomprasit M, Chintrakarn C. Treatment of Frey’s syndrome with botulinum toxin. J Med Assoc Thai [Internet]. 2007;90(11):2397–402. Available from: http://digilib.unila.ac.id/11478/16/16. BAB II.pdf
Laccourreye O, Akl E, Gutierrez-Fonseca R, Garcia D, Brasnu D, Bonan B. Recurrent gustatory sweating (Frey syndrome) after intracutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A: Incidence, management, and outcome. Arch Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 1999;125(3):283–6.
Laage-hellman JE. Treatment of gustatory sweating and flushing. Acta Otolaryngol. 1958;49(1):132–43.
Abell E, Morgan K. Pharmacology and Treatment The treatment of idiopathic hyperhidrosis by glycopyrronium bromide and tap water iontophoresis. Br J Dermatol. 1974;91(1):87–91.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Dominika Magdalena Egierska, Michał Perszke, Aleksy Grzelewski, Kamil Cieślak, Miłosz Berliński, Witold Świenc, Oskar Tokarczuk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 588
Number of citations: 0
