Sex-specific Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.08.048Keywords
CVD, cardiovascular, womenAbstract
CVD is the leading cause of death for women worldwide. The symptoms of CVD in women may be less specific than in men, so women are less likely to be properly diagnosed and adequately treated. Women experience a proportional increase in cardiovascular risk on risk factors that are common to both genders. In addition, women have endocrine-related factors that increase their susceptibility to CVD. 1 in 3 women die from CVD, and 45% of women over the age of 20 have some form of CVD. [33] We must exploit gender differences to ensure optimal medical care. Detection of CVD risk factors and preventive measures in this regard are essential for proper cardiovascular care among women.
References
Anum Saeed, June Kampanqkaew, Vijay Nambi Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women 2017; doi: 10.14797/mdcj-13-4-185; 13(4): 185–192
Anandita Agarwala, Erin D. Michos, Zainab Samad, Christie M. Ballantyne, Salim S. Virani The Use of Sex-Specific Factors in the Assessment of Women's Cardiovascular Risk 2020; doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043429; 141(7): 592-599
Robert A. Wild, Kathleen M. Hovey, Christopher Andrews, Jennifer G. Robinson, Andrew M. Kaunitz, JoAnn E. Manson, Carolyn J. Crandall, Rachel Paragallo, Chrisandra Shufelt, C. Noel Bairey Merz Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Scores,Age or Years since Menopause to Predict Cardiovascular Disease in The Women's Health Initiative 2021; doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001753; 28(6):610-618
Mark Woodwark Cardiovascular Disease and the Female Disadventage 2019; doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071165; 16(7): 1165.
del Rincón I, Polak JF, O'Leary DH, . et al. Systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors predict rapid progression of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015. June; 74 6: 1118– 23
Leslie Cho, Melinda Davis, Islam Elgendy, Kelly Epps, Kathryn J. Lindley, Puja K. Mehta, Erin D. Michos, Margo Minissian, Carl Pepine, Viola Vaccarino, Annabelle Santos Volgman, ACC CVD Womens Committee Members Summary of Updated Recommendations for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women 2020; doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.060; 75(20): 2602-2618.
Peters S.A., Woodward M. Women’s reproductive factors and incident cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank. Heart. 2018;104:1069–1075
Bots SH, Peters SAE, Woodward M. Sex differences in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality: a global assessment of the effect of ageing between 1980 and 2010. BMJ Glob. Zdrowie. 2017; 2 :e000298. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000298
Backholer K., Peters SAE, Bots SH, Peeters A., Huxley RR, Woodward M.Sex differences between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular disease: a systematic revew and meta-analysis. J. Epidemiol. Zdrowie społeczności. 2017; 71 :550-557. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-207890
Wu J., Gale CP, Hall M., Dondo TB, Metcalfe E., Oliver G., Batin PD, Hemingway H., Timmis A., West RM Impact of initial hospital diagnosis on mortality for acute myocardial infarction: A national cohort study. Eur. Serce J. Acute Cardiovasc. Opieka. 2018; 7 :139–148. doi: 10.1177/2048872616661693
Nanna MG, Wang TY, Xiang Q i in. Różnice płci w stosowaniu statyn w praktyce środowiskowej . Wyniki Circ Cardiovasc Qual 2019; 12 : e005562
Stroes E, Thompson P, Corsini A i in. Objawy mięśniowe związane ze statynami: wpływ na terapię statynami — Oświadczenie panelu Europejskiego Towarzystwa Miażdżycy dotyczące oceny, etiologii i leczenia . Eur Serce J 2015; 36 : 1012–22
McSweeney JC, Rosenfeld AG, Abel WM, . i in.; Rada ds. Pielęgniarstwa Sercowo-Naczyniowego i Udaru Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego, Rada ds. Kardiologii Klinicznej, Rada ds. Epidemiologii i Zapobiegania, Rada ds. Nadciśnienia, Rada ds. Stylu Życia i Zdrowia Kardiometabolicznego oraz Rada ds. Jakości Opieki i Badań Wyników. Zapobieganie chorobie niedokrwiennej serca i jej doświadczanie jako kobieta: stan wiedzy: oświadczenie naukowe American Heart Association . Obieg . 2016. 29 marca; 133 13 : 1302–31
Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, . i in.; Komitet Statystyki Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego i Podkomitet Statystyki Chorób Serca i Statystyk Udaru Udaru – 2017: Raport Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego . Obieg . 2017. 7 marca; 135 10 : e146–e603
Garcia M, Mulvagh SL, Merz CN, Buring JE, Manson JE.. Choroba sercowo-naczyniowa u kobiet: perspektywy kliniczne . Circ Res . 2016. 15 kwietnia; 118 8 : 1273–93
Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM i in., dla DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Wpływ obniżonej zawartości sodu w diecie na ciśnienie krwi i dieta w celu powstrzymania nadciśnienia (DASH) . N Engl J Med 2001; 344 :3-10
Routledge FS, McFetridge-Durdle JA, Dean CR. Stress, menopausal status and nocturnal blood pressure dipping patterns among hypertensive women. Can J Cardiol 2009;25:e157–63
Grundy SM, Stone JN, Bailey AL, et al. AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:e285–350
Huxley RR, Peters SA, Mishra GD, Woodward M.. Risk of all-cause mortality and vascular events in women versus men with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015. March; 3 3: 198– 206
Huebschmann AG, Huxley RR, Kohrt WM, et al. Sex differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk across the life course. Diabetologia 2019;62:1761–72
Sattar N, Rawshani A, Franzen S, et al. Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associations with cardiovascular and mortality risk: Findings from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry. Circ 2019;139:2228–37
George KM, Selvin E, Pankow JS, et al. Sex differences in the associations of diabetes with cardiovascular disease outcomes among African-American and white participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 2018;187:403–10
Wu P, Haththotuwa R, Kwok CS, Babu A, Kotronias RA, Rushton C, Zaman A, Fryer AA, Kadam U, Chew-Graham CA, et al. Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10:e003497. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003497
Black MH, Zhou H, Sacks DA, et al. Hypertensive disorders first identified in pregnancy increase risk for incident prehypertension and hypertension in the year after delivery. J Hypertens 2016;34: 728–35
Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD and Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet (London, England). 2009;373:1773–1779
Tanz LJ, Stuart JJ, Williams PL, Rimm EB, Missmer SA, Rexrode KM, Mukamal KJ and Rich-Edwards JW. Preterm Delivery and Maternal Cardiovascular Disease in Young and Middle-Aged Adult Women. Circulation. 2017;135:578–589
Ranthe MF, Andersen EAW, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Pregnancy loss and later risk of atherosclerotic disease. Circulation 2013;127:1775–82
Oliver-Williams CT, Heydon EE, Smith GCS, et al. Miscarriages and future maternal CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2013; 99:1636–44
Stuebe AM and Rich-Edwards JW. The reset hypothesis: lactation and maternal metabolism. Am J Perinatol. 2009;26:81–88
Guzick DS. Cardiovascular risk in PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3694–3695
Brouchet L, Krust A, Dupont S, Chambon P, Bayard F, Arnal JF.. Estradiol accelerates reendothelialization in mouse carotid artery through estrogen receptor-alpha but not estrogen receptor-beta. Circulation. 2001. January 23; 103 3: 423– 8
Kim JK, Pedram A, Razandi M, Levin ER.. Estrogen prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis through inhibition of reactive oxygen species and differential regulation of p38 kinase isoforms. J Biol Chem. 2006. March 10; 281 10: 6760– 7
Benjamin EJ, Muntner, Alonso A, et al., American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics -2019 update; a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019;139: e56–528
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Alicja Płaczek, Dominik Machaj, Filip Białas, Katarzyna Cyboran, Agnieszka Siedlak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 347
Number of citations: 0
