Pain treatment in patients with cirrhosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.099Keywords
pain management, cirrhosis, chronic pain, pain, cirrhosis of the liverAbstract
Chronic pain is reported by 40% -79% of patients with cirrhosis, which is one of the most neglected symptoms among this population. Chronic pain management in patients with cirrhosis remains a difficult clinical issue since a significant number of analgesics are metabolized in the liver and potential side effects are more frequent and involve significant clinical risk. The aim of this review is to draw attention to the available pain management options in patients with cirrhosis based on an analysis of published articles. The following article is based on the literature found in the pubmed database. There are still no precise pain management guidelines in this group of patients. Treatment should include pharmacological, non-pharmacological methods and treatment of comorbidities and patients require careful observation. More research is needed in this area.
References
Acharya C, Betrapally NS, Gillevet PM, et al.: Chronic opioid use is associated with altered gut microbiota and predicts readmissions in patients with cirrhosis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther, 2017; 45(2):319–31.
Anglin R, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P, et al.: Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with or without concurrent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol, 2014;109(6):811-9.
Benson GD.: Acetaminophen in chronic liver disease. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther, 1983; 33(1):95–101.
Benson GD, Koff RS, Tolman KG.: The therapeutic use of acetaminophen in patients with liver disease. Am.J. Ther, 2005; 12(2):133–41.
Blaschke TF, Rubin PC.: Hepatic first-pass metabolism in liver disease. Clin. Pharmacokinet, 1979; 4(6):423–32.
Bosilkovska M, Walder B, Besson M, et al.: Analgesics in patients with hepatic impairment. Drugs, 2012; 72(12):1645–69.
Brensilver M, Tariq S, Shoptaw S.: Prim Care, 2012; 39 (4): 661-669.
Chandok N, Watt KD.: Pain management in the cirrhotic patient: the clinical challenge. Mayo Clin Proc, 2010;85(5):451-8.
Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego. https://rejestrymedyczne.ezdrowie.gov.pl › api › rpl
Charakterystyka produktu leczniczego.https://rejestrymedyczne.ezdrowie.gov.pl › api › rpl
Claria J, Kent JD, López-Parra M, et al.: Effects of celecoxib and naproxen on renal function in nonazotemic patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Hepatology, 2005;(41):579–87.
Clauw DJ.: Fibromyalgia: a clinical review. JAMA, 2014; 311:1547– 55.
Colloca L, Ludman T, Bouhassira D, et al.: Neuropathic pain. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 2017;3:17002.
Cone EJ, Gorodetzky CW, Yousefnejad D, et al.: The metabolism and excretion of buprenorphine in humans. Drug Metab Dispos, 1984;12(5):577-81.
De Ledinghen V, Heresbach D, Fourdan O, et al.: Anti-inflammatory drugs and variceal bleeding: a case-control study. Gut, 1999; 44(2):270–3.
Derry S, Moore RA, Rabbie R.: Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012;9(9):CD007400.
Dobrogowski J, Wordliczek J, Szczudlik A, et al.: Zasady stosowania silnie działających opioidów u pacjentów z bólem przewlekłym pochodzenia nienowotworowego - przegląd piśmiennictwa i zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Badania Bólu, Polskiego Towarzystwa Neurologicznego i Polskiego Towarzystwa Medycyny Rodzinnej. -in- Tomaszewski, W. E. (ed.) Kompleksowe leczenie choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów. Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o.o., pp. 235–263.
Doğan S, Ozberk S, Yurci A.: Pregabalin-induced hepatotoxicity. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011;23(7):628.
Durogesic (Fentanyl Transdermal System) for transdermal administration [package insert on the Internet]. Janseen Pharmaceuticals. 2016. revised 3/2017 [cited 12/2017]. Available from: https:// www.janssenmd.com/pdf/duragesic/duragesic_pi.pdf
Dworkin RH, O'Connor AB, Audette J, et al.: Recommendations for the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain: an overview and literature update. Mayo Clin Proc, 2010;85(3 Suppl):S3-14.
Dwyer JP, Jayasekera C, Nicoll A.: Analgesia for the cirrhotic patient: a literature review and recommendations. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014;29(7):1356-60.
Einarsdottir S, Björnsson E.: Pregabalin as a probable cause of acute liver injury. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2008;20(10):1049.
Frye RF, Zgheib NK, Matzke GR, et al.: Liver disease selectively modulates cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2006;80(3):235-45.
Gabapentin [Internet]. Livertox.nlm.nih.gov. 2017. [cited 4 August 2017]. Available from: https:// livertox.nlm.nih.gov//Gabapentin.htm
Garcia-Tsao G, Parikh CR, Viola A.: Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis. Hepatology, 2008; 48: 2064–2077.
Gimbel J, Linn R, Hale M, et al.: Lidocaine patch treatment in patients with low back pain: results of an open-label, nonrandomized pilot study. Am J Ther, 2005;12(4):311-9.
Gines A, Escorsell A, Gines P, et al.: Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites. Gastroenterology, 1993; 105: 229–236.
Hasselström J, Eriksson S, Persson A, et al.: The metabolism and bioavailability of morphine in patients with severe liver cirrhosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1990;29(3):289-97.
Holliday SM, Benfield P.: Venlafaxine. Drugs, 1995; 49(2):280–94.
Holman A, Parikh N, Clauw DJ, et al.: Contemporary management of pain in cirrhosis: Toward precision therapy for pain. Hepatology, 2022 Jun 5.
Imani F, Motavaf M, Safari S, et al.: The therapeutic use of analgesics in patients with liver cirrhosis: a literature review and evidence-based recommendations. Hepat Mon, 2014; 14(10): e23539.
Johnson RE, Fudala PJ, Payne R.: Buprenorphine: considerations for pain management. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2005;29(3):297-326.
Kerr GW, McGuffie AC, Wilkie S.: Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: a review. Emerg Med J, 2001 ;18(4):236-41.
Klinge M, Coppler T, Liebschutz JM, et al.: The assessment and management of pain in cirrhosis. Curr Hepatol Rep, 2018; 17(1):42-51.
Kotb HI, Fouad IA, Fares KM, et al.: Pharmacokinetics of oral tramadol in patients with liver cancer. J Opioid Manag, 2008;4:99-104.
Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM.: Tramadol. Drugs, 1993; 46(2):313–40.
Lin EH, Katon W, Von Korff M, et al.: Effect of improving depression care on pain and functional outcomes among older adults with arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 2003; 290(18):2428–9.
Massey T, Derry S, Moore RA, et al.: Topical NSAIDs for acute pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2010;(6):CD007402.
Mazoit JX, Sandouk P, Scherrmann JM, et al.: Extrahepatic metabolism of morphine occurs in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1990;48(6):613-8.
Meier T, Wasner G, Faust M, et al.: Efficacy of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of focal peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain, 2003; 106(1):151–8.
Nardelli S, Pentassuglio I, Pasquale C, et al.: Depression, anxiety and alexithymia symptoms are major determinants of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in cirrhotic patients. Metab Brain Dis, 2013;28(2):239-43.
Novick DM, Kreek MJ, Fanizza AM, et al.: Methadone disposition in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 1981;30(3):353-62.
Oshlack B, Chasin M, Minogue JJ, et al.: Controlled release oxycodone compositions. 5,656,295. United States patent US. 1997 Aug 12;
Pan CX, Morrison RS, Ness J, et al.: Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of pain, dyspnea, and nausea and vomiting near the end of life. A systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage,2000;20(5):374-87.
Rakoski M, Goyal P, Spencer-Safier M, et al.: Pain management in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken), 2018;11(6):135-140.
Rakoski MO, McCammon RJ, Piette JD, et al.: Burden of cirrhosis on older Americans and their families: analysis of the health and retirement study. Hepatology, 2012;55:184–91.
Rhee C, Broadbent AM.: Palliation and liver failure: palliative medications dosage guidelines. J Palliat Med, 2007;10:677-685.
Rogal SS, Bielefeldt K, Wasan AD, et al.: Inflammation, psychiatric symptoms, and opioid use are associated with pain and disability in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015;13:1009–16.
Rogal SS, Hansen L, Patel A, et al.: AASLD Practice Guidance: palliative care and symptom- based management in decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatology, 2022.
Rogal SS, Winger D, Bielefeldt K, et al.: Healthcare utilization in chronic liver disease: the importance of pain and prescription opioid use. Liver Int, 2013;33(10):1497-503.
Simon K: Marskość wątroby - epidemiologia, etiopatogeneza, przebieg naturalny, powikłania, możliwości leczenia przyczynowego. -in- Zaawansowane choroby wątroby : patofizjologia, obraz kliniczny i leczenie, Pazgan-Simon M, Simon K, Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Naukowe Atla, 2019;13–29.
Singh N, Gayowski T, Wagener MM, et al.: Depression in patients with cirrhosis. Impact on outcome. Dig Dis Sci, 1997;42(7):1421-7.
Soleimanpour H, Safari S, Shahsavari Nia K, et al.: Opioid drugs in patients with liver disease: a systematic review. Hepat Mon, 2016; 16(4): e32636.
Stamer UM, Lehnen K, Höthker F, et al.: Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on postoperative tramadol analgesia. Pain, 2003; 105(1):231–8.
Syn WK, Naisbitt DJ, Holt AP, et al.: Carbamazepine-induced acute liver failure as part of the DRESS syndrome. Int J Clin Pract, 2005;59(8):988-91.
Tapper EB, Henderson JB, Parikh ND, et al.: Incidence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Population-Based Cohort of Americans With Cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun, 2019 ;3(11):1510-1519.
Tegeder I, Lötsch J, Geisslinger G.: Pharmacokinetics of opioids in liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet,1999;37(1):17-40.
Verbeeck RK.: Pharmacokinetics and dosage adjustment in patients with hepatic dysfunction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol,2008;64(12):1147-61.
Voican CS, Corruble E, Naveau S, et al.: Antidepressant-induced liver injury: a review for clinicians. Am J Psychiatry, 2014;171(4):404-15.
Vuppalanchi R, Hayashi PH, Chalasani N, et al.: Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Duloxetine hepatotoxicity: a case-series from the drug-induced liver injury network. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2010;32(9):1174-83.
Woroń J: Nieopioidowe leki przeciwbólowe w leczeniu bólu. -in- Kompendium Leczenia Bólu, Malec-Milewska M, Woroń J, Wydawca Medical Education,Warszawa, 2017;23-43.
Zajączkowska R, Woroń J, Krajnik Małgorzata et al.: Leczenie bólu u pacjentów z zaawansowaną niewydolnością narządową. -in- Leczenie bólu, Wordliczek J, Dobrogowski J, Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL,Warszawa, 2017; 635-641.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Jordi Gras-Ozimek, Urszula Kozinska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 9240
Number of citations: 0
