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Journal of Education, Health and Sport

Is water fluoridation correlated with hypothyroidism?
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Is water fluoridation correlated with hypothyroidism?

Authors

  • Piotr Michał Jarosz Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-2600
  • Jakub Gołacki Students Association of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-3030
  • Małgorzata Matuszek Students Association of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 19, 20-093 Lublin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-6032

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.012

Keywords

drinking water fluoridation;, fluoride;, hypothyroidism;

Abstract

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a global health problem. Primary thyroid hormone deficiency may be caused by a wide spectrum of health problems, e.g. chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, iodine deficiency, thyroid or parathyroid surgery and drugs. In recent years, scientific studies have also been published indicating a correlation between excessive intake of fluoride and hypothyroidism. Fluoride is added to the water sources of many countries.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to review and compare currently available data on PubMed about fluoride-induced hypothyroidism.

A brief description of the state of knowledge: Evidence based knowledge suggests that there is a potential relationship between water fluoridation and endocrine system disorders, especially hypothyroidism. Current studies indicate that TSH hormone levels get elevated with increased fluoride intake. The reason is supposed to be that fluorine is more electronegative than iodine and therefore easily displaces iodine from the body, thus affecting thyroid function.

Conclusions: Current studies do not clearly show a simple correlation between excessive fluoridation of drinking water and the occurrence of hypothyroidism. However, inconclusive scientific evidence and the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the population indicate the need for further research in this area.

References

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R. W. Bilous and W. M. G. Tunbridge, “The epidemiology of hypothyroidism--an update,” Bailliere’s clinical endocrinology and metabolism, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 531–540, 1988, doi: 10.1016/S0950-351X(88)80052-1.

“Fluorine (F) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects.” https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/f.htm (accessed Mar. 11, 2022).

“Fluoride ion | F- - PubChem.” https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Fluoride-ion (accessed Mar. 11, 2022).

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CDC, “Ten great public health achievements. ,” vol. 48, pp. 241–243, 1999.

“Fluoride - Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride - NCBI Bookshelf.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109832/ (accessed Mar. 11, 2022).

A. J. Malin, J. Riddell, H. McCague, and C. Till, “Fluoride exposure and thyroid function among adults living in Canada: Effect modification by iodine status,” Environment International, vol. 121, pp. 667–674, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.026.

M. Wang et al., “Thyroid function, intelligence, and low-moderate fluoride exposure among Chinese school-age children,” Environment International, vol. 134, p. 105229, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105229.

A. M. Barberio, F. S. Hosein, C. Quiñonez, and L. McLaren, “Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: implications for community water fluoridation,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 71, no. 10, p. 1019, 2017, doi: 10.1136/JECH-2017-209129.

Z. KheradPisheh et al., “Impact of Drinking Water Fluoride on Human Thyroid Hormones: A Case- Control Study,” Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 2674, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1038/S41598-018-20696-4.

S. Peckham, D. Lowery, and S. Spencer, “Are fluoride levels in drinking water associated with hypothyroidism prevalence in England? A large observational study of GP practice data and fluoride levels in drinking water,” Journal of epidemiology and community health, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 619–624, 2015, doi: 10.1136/JECH-2014-204971.

N. Shaik, R. Shanbhog, B. Nandlal, and H. Tippeswamy, “Fluoride and thyroid function in children resident of naturally fluoridated areas consuming different levels of fluoride in drinking water: An observational study,” Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 24, 2019, doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_108_18.

N. Singh, K. G. Verma, P. Verma, G. K. Sidhu, and S. Sachdeva, “A comparative study of fluoride ingestion levels, serum thyroid hormone & TSH level derangements, dental fluorosis status among school children from endemic and non-endemic fluorosis areas,” SpringerPlus, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 7, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-7.

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Published

2022-05-20

How to Cite

1.
JAROSZ, Piotr Michał, GOŁACKI, Jakub and MATUSZEK, Małgorzata. Is water fluoridation correlated with hypothyroidism?. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. Online. 20 May 2022. Vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 121-126. [Accessed 20 May 2025]. DOI 10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.07.012.
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Issue

Vol. 12 No. 7 (2022)

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Review Articles

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Copyright (c) 2022 Piotr Michał Jarosz, Jakub Gołacki, Małgorzata Matuszek

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0

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