Pulmonary embolism as a complication of fracture of the proximal end of the humerus - literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.09.049Keywords
pulmonary embolism;, deep vein thrombosis, proximal humerus fractureAbstract
Introduction and purpose: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are many factors that increase the risk of its occurence. High costs of treatment, non-specific symptoms and high mortality of the disease determine the further search for new methods of treatment and diagnostics. The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of PE in patients after fracture of the proximal end of the humerus.
Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed MEDLINE database of medical publications using the following keywords: pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, proximal humerus fracture.
Results: Among the found articles, 4 original papers describing the problems of pulmonary embolism after fractures of the proximal end of the humerus were qualified for further analysis. The incidence of PE after this type of fracture is rare and ranges from 1.3% to 5.1%. Moreover, PE was not the cause of death of any patient in the analyzed literature.
Conclusion: The need for further randomized controlled trials on a large group of patients operated with the same technique was demonstrated, including subgroups with and without antithrombotic chemoprophylaxis.
References
Huang W, Goldberg RJ, Anderson FA, Kiefe CI, Spencer FA. Secular trends in occurrence of acute venous thromboembolism: The worcester VTE study (1985-2009). Am J Med. 2014;127(9):829-839.e5. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.03.041
Alotaibi GS, Wu C, Senthilselvan A, McMurtry MS. Secular Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Acute Venous Thromboembolism: The AB-VTE Population-Based Study. Am J Med. 2016;129(8):879.e19-879.e25. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.01.041
Cohen AT, Katholing A, Rietbrock S, Bamber L, Martinez C. Epidemiology of first and recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer: A population-based cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(1):57-65. doi:10.1160/TH15-08-0686
Giordano NJ, Jansson PS, Young MN, Hagan KA, Kabrhel C. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Stratification, and Natural History of Pulmonary Embolism. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;20(3):135-140. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2017.07.002
Næss IA, Christiansen SC, Romundstad P, Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Hammerstrøm J. Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: A population-based study. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(4):692-699. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02450.x
Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O’Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A 25-year population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(6):585-593. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.6.585
Piazza G, Goldhaber SZ. Acute pulmonary embolism - Part I: Epidemiology and diagnosis. Circulation. 2006;114(2):28-32. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.620872
Poli C, Raffin C, Dojcinovic D, Luescher I, Ayyoub M, Valmori D. Mhc class II/ESO tetramer-based generation of in vitro primed anti-tumor T-helper lines for adoptive cell therapy of cancer. Haematologica. 2013;98(2):316-322. doi:10.3324/haematol.2012.071712
Cohen AT, Agnelli G, Anderson FA, et al. Ve nous thromboembolism(VTE)inEurope The number of VTE events andassociated morbidity andmortality Meyer-Michel Samama 12 ,MichaelSpannagl 13 forthe VTEImpact Assessment Group in Europe ( Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and CellularHaemostasis. ThrombHaemost. 2007;98:756-764. doi:10.1160/TH07
Geske JB, Smith SB, Morgenthaler TI, Mankad S V. Care of patients with acute pulmonary emboli: A clinical review with cardiovascular focus. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2012;10(2):235-250. doi:10.1586/erc.11.179
Barco S, Woersching AL, Spyropoulos AC, Piovella F, Mahan CE. European Union-28: An annualised cost-of-illness model for venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost. 2016;115(4):800-808. doi:10.1160/TH15-08-0670
Zahir U, Sterling RS, Pellegrini VD, Forte ML. Inpatient pulmonary embolism after elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 2013;95(22):1-8. doi:10.2106/JBJS.L.00466
Memtsoudis SG, Cozowicz C, Bekeris J, et al. Anaesthetic care of patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty: consensus recommendations from the International Consensus on Anaesthesia-Related Outcomes after Surgery group (ICAROS) based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2019;123(3):269-287. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.05.042
Wu PK, Chen CF, Chung LH, Liu CL, Chen WM. Pulmonary embolism following total knee arthroplasty in Taiwanese patients. J Chinese Med Assoc. 2014;77(3):155-159. doi:10.1016/j.jcma.2013.11.005
Lin YC, Lee SH, Chen IJ, et al. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism following hip fracture: A nationwide study. Thromb Res. 2018;172(October):120-127. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2018.10.014
Kim YJ, Choi DH, Ahn S, Sohn CH, Seo DW, Kim WY. Timing of pulmonary embolisms in femur fracture patients: Incidence and outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80(6):952-956. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001014
Kircher MF. Concomitant Traumatic Spinal Cord and Brachial. Published online 2011:2271-2277.
Heyer JH, Parker RL, Lynch T, Parry T, Neviaser AS. Rate of venous thromboembolism after surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2021;141(3):403-409. doi:10.1007/s00402-020-03505-4
Iqbal S, Jacobs U, Akhtar A, Macfarlane R., Waseem M. A History of Shoulder Surgery. Open Orthop J. 2013;7(1):305-309. doi:10.2174/1874325001307010305
Heyer JH, Parker RL, Lynch T, Parry T, Neviaser AS. Rate of venous thromboembolism after surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2020;(0123456789). doi:10.1007/s00402-020-03505-4
Janssen SJ, van Dijke M, Lozano-Calderón SA, et al. Complications after surgery for metastatic humeral lesions. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2016;25(2):207-215. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.08.009
Widmer BJ, Bassora R, Warrender WJ, Abboud JA. Thromboembolic events are uncommon after open treatment of proximal humerus fractures using aspirin and compression devices. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(12):3332-3336. doi:10.1007/s11999-011-1942-7
Hoxie SC, Sperling JW, Cofield RH. Pulmonary embolism after operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2007;16(6):782-783. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2006.12.004
Kadhum M, Elniel AR, Furniss D. Is venous thromboembolism prophylaxis beneficial in upper limb major joint replacement surgery? A systematic review. Shoulder Elb. 2021;13(2):119-130. doi:10.1177/1758573219896279
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Wojciech Wokurka, Agata Węgrzyniak, Iga Dudek, Piotr Piech
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The periodical offers access to content in the Open Access system under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 613
Number of citations: 0
