Clinical aspects and Assumption of care for patients with renal failure based on the Dorothy Orem nursing model

Abstract

Introduction. Renal failure occurs in a significant portion of the geriatric population, often coexisting with other diseases such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical aspects and tasks of a nurse in the care of a senior with renal failure.

Material and Methods. Analysis of specialist literature, analysis of scientific articles.

Review. The aging population is leading to an increase in chronic diseases, including chronic renal failure, which often coexists with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. In Poland, this condition affects over 6 million people, particularly in the geriatric population. Caring for elderly patients with renal failure requires an interdisciplinary approach and individually tailored nursing interventions, including health monitoring, fluid balance management, complication prevention, and psychological and educational support. A key tool in care planning is the Dorothy Orem self-care model, which allows for the assessment of self-care deficits and the selection of appropriate nursing interventions.

Conclusions. The following conclusions were drawn from the study:
1. When caring for a geriatric patient with renal failure, the nurse undertakes a range of activities aimed at improving the patient’s health, providing emotional support to the patient and their family, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, and minimizing complications related to the underlying disease and comorbidities. Furthermore, collaboration with the therapeutic team and implementing a holistic approach to the patient are crucial.
2. Patients with chronic renal failure and comorbidities struggle with numerous issues that impact their quality of life, including: the risk of worsening renal failure and the development of complications from comorbidities, functional deficits, complications resulting from prolonged immobilization, and the need to adhere to a demanding treatment regimen.