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Dzieje Najnowsze

Nigerian Plantation Workers on Fernando Po in Nigerian Political Discourse and International Relations between 1939 and 1968
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  • Nigerian Plantation Workers on Fernando Po in Nigerian Political Discourse and International Relations between 1939 and 1968
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Nigerian Plantation Workers on Fernando Po in Nigerian Political Discourse and International Relations between 1939 and 1968

Autor/innen

  • Piotr Kruze Faculty of History, University of Warsaw https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-3766

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/DN.2024.4.03

Schlagworte

Spanish Guinea, Nigeria, cocoa, plantations, labour force, African decolonisation, Francoist Spain

Abstract

The article deals with the stages of the development of the plantation economy in Spanish Guinea, especially on the island of Fernando Po, and the methods of bringing in the labour force for cocoa plantations. It describes the reasons for the immigration of Nigerians to Spanish Guinea, especially since the 1930s. The paper also presents the influence of foreign contract workers on official government relations between Madrid and Lagos.

Autor/innen-Biografie

Piotr Kruze, Faculty of History, University of Warsaw

Piotr Kruze – PhD, in 2024 he defended his dissertation on decolonization of Equatorial Guinea at the University of Warsaw (Faculty of History), written under the supervision of PhD hab. Marek Pawełczak. His research interests concern the political and military history of sub-Saharan Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries. Employed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the consul in Addis Ababa and Dar es Salaam. Member of the Polish Africanist Society. E-mail: piotr.kruze@gmail.com.

Literaturhinweise

Archival Sources

Archivo General de la Administración, Madrid, España: Caja 81.

Published Sources

The United Nations Demographic Yearbook (1968).

Press

Daily Express

Sunday Times

West African Pilot

Secondary Literature

Adu Boahen A., General History of Africa. VII. Africa under Colonial Domination 1880–1935 (Paris, 2000).

Akinyemi B., ‘Nigeria and Fernando Poo, 1958–1966. The Politics of Irredentism’, African Affairs, no. 69 (1970), pp. 236–49.

Clarence-Smith G., ‘The Hidden Costs of Labour on the Cocoa Plantations of São Tomé and Príncipe, 1875–1914’, Portuguese Studies, vol. 6 (1990), pp. 152–72.

Clarence-Smith G., ‘The Impact of the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War on Portuguese and Spanish Africa’, Journal of African History, vol. 26, no. 4 (1985), pp. 309–26.

Ejituwu N.C., ‘Anglo-Spanish Employment Agency: Its Role in the Mobilization of Nigerian Labour for the Island of Fernando Po’, in The Nigeria-Equatorial Guinea Transborder Cooperation, ed. by A.I. Asiwaju, B.M. Barkindo, R.E. Mabale (Lagos, 1995).

Falola T., Genova A., Historical Dictionary of Nigeria (Plymouth, 2009).

Kruze P., ‘Koncepcje ustroju politycznego w kolonialnej Gwinei Hiszpańskiej i w niepodległej Gwinei Równikowej’, Afryka, no. 47 (2018), pp. 51–70.

Leśniewski M., ‘Biafra 1966–1970’, in Konflikty kolonialne i postkolonialne w Afryce i Azji 1869–2006, ed. by P. Ostaszewski (Warszawa, 2007), pp. 446–55.

Liniger-Goumaz M., Historical Dictionary of Equatorial Guinea (London, 2000).

Martino E., ‘Clandestine Recruitment Networks in the Bight of Biafra Fernando Po Answer to the Labour Question 1926–1945’, International Review of Social History, vol. 57 (2012), pp. 39–72.

Martino E., ‘Touts and Despots: Recruiting Assemblages of Contract Labour in Fernando Pó and the Gulf of Guinea, 1858–1979’, PhD dissertation (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 2017).

Mba Ncony D., La independencia de Guinea Ecuatorial: cuestión prepolítica (Madrid, 2018).

Morrill W. T., ‘Two Urban Cultures of Calabar, Nigeria’, PhD dissertation (University of Chicago, Chicago, 1961).

Muojama O.G., ‘The Nigerian Cocoa Farmers and the Fluctuations in World Cocoa Prices in the 1930s’, International Journal of Arts and Humanities, vol. 5, no. 19 (2016), pp. 214–31.

Ndongo Bidyogo D., Historia y tragedia de Guinea Ecuatorial (Madrid, 1977).

Nugent P., Africa since independence (New York, 2004).

Oham A.C., ‘Labor Migration from Southeastern Nigeria to Spanish Fernando Po, 1900–1968’, MA thesis (Central Michigan University, 2006).

Okenve Martinez E.S., ‘Equatorial Guinea 1927–1979: A new African tradition’, PhD dissertation (University of London, London, 2018).

Olufemi Ekundare R., An Economic History of Nigeria 1860–1960 (London, 1973).

Osoba S.O., ‘The Phenomenon of Labour Migration in the Era of British Colonial Rule: A Neglected Aspect of Nigeria’s Social History’, Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, vol. 4, no. 4 (1969), pp. 517–18.

Osuntokun A., Equatorial Guinea-Nigerian Relations (Ibadan, 1978).

Sundiata I.K., ‘Prelude to Scandal: Liberia and Fernando Po 1880–1930’, Journal of African History, vol. 15, no. 1 (1974), pp. 97–112.

Internet Site

http://www.opensourceguinea.org/

Dzieje Najnowsze

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Veröffentlicht

2025-04-12

Zitationsvorschlag

1.
KRUZE, Piotr. Nigerian Plantation Workers on Fernando Po in Nigerian Political Discourse and International Relations between 1939 and 1968. Dzieje Najnowsze. Online. 12 April 2025. Vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 51-72. [Accessed 9 Dezember 2025]. DOI 10.12775/DN.2024.4.03.
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Ausgabe

Bd. 56 Nr. 4 (2024)

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Studies and Articles

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Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International.

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