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Ruch Filozoficzny

Turing’s 1948 ‘Paper Chess Machine’ Test as a Prototype of the Turing Test
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  3. Vol. 75 No. 2 (2019): The issue dedicated to Professor Urszula Żegleń on the occassion of her jubilee celebrations /
  4. Articles

Turing’s 1948 ‘Paper Chess Machine’ Test as a Prototype of the Turing Test

Authors

  • Paweł Łupkowski Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2988

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/RF.2019.024

Keywords

Turing test, intelligence, chess, imitation game, paper machine

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present the idea which served as a prototype and probably a test field for the idea of the well-known Turing test. This idea is the ‘paper machine’ (an algorithm) for playing chess and the proposal to test its abilities in confrontation with a human chess player. I will describe the details of this proposal and discuss it in the light of the Turing test setting.

References

Copeland Brian Jack (ed.). 2004. The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus The Secrets of Enigma. New York: Oxford University Press.

Epstein Robert, Gary Roberts, Grace Beber (eds.). 2009. Parsing the Turing test. Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer. Berlin–Heidelberg: Springer Netherlands.

Garner Robby. 2009. “The Turing Hub as a Standard for Turing Test Interfaces”. In: R. Epstein, R.G. Roberts, and G. Beber, (eds.). Parsing the Turing Test..., chap. 19, 319–324.

Hodges Andrew. 1992. Alan Turing: the Enigma, New York: Vintage Books.

Kasparov Garry, Frederic Friedel. 2018. “Reconstructing Turing’s ‘paper machine’”. ICGA Journal, 40(2): 105–112, DOI: 10.3233/ICG-180044.

Loebner Hugh. 2009. “How to Hold a Turing Test Contest”. In: R. Epstein, R.G. Roberts, and G. Beber, (eds.), Parsing the Turing Test..., chap. 12, 173–180.

Łupkowski Paweł. 2010. Test Turinga. Perspektywa sędziego (The Turing Test. Interrogator’s Perspective). Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.

Łupkowski Paweł, Andrzej Wiśniewski. 2011. “Turing interrogative games”. Minds and Machines 21(3): 435-448, DOI: 10.1007/s11023- 011- 9245-z.

Łupkowski Paweł. 2011. “A Formal Approach to Exploring the Interrogator’s Perspective in the Turing Test”. Logic and Logical Philosophy 20(1/2): 139–158, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/LLP.2011.007.

Łupkowski Paweł. 2013. “Measuring the non-cooperation of players – a Loebner contest case study”. Homo Ludens 5(1): 13–22.

Łupkowski Paweł, Aleksandra Rybacka. 2016. “Non-cooperative Strategies of Players in the Loebner Contest”. Organon F 23(3): 324–365.

Mauldin Michael L. 1994. “Chatterbots, Tinymuds, and the Turing test: Entering the Loebner prize competition”. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, (Vol. 1), American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Park, CA, USA, AAAI 1994, 16–21.

McKinstry Chris. 1997. “Minimum Intelligence Signal Test: an Objective Turing Test”, Canadian Artificial Intelligence 41: 17–18.

Moor James. 1976. “An Analysis of the Turing Test”. Philosophical Studies 30: 249–257.

Newman Maxwell Herman Alexander Newman, Alan Turing, Geoffrey Jefferson, Richard Braithwaite. 1952. Can automatic calculating machines be said to think? Broadcast discussion transmitted on BBC (14, 23 Jan 1952). The Turing digital archive (http://www.turingarchive.org), contents of AMT/B/6.

Shieber Stuart (ed.). 2004. The Turing test: Verbal behavior as the hallmark of intelligence. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Stalker Douglas F. 1976. “Why machines can’t think: A reply to James Moor”. Philosophical Studies 34: 317–320.

Turing Alan M. 1948. Intelligent Machinery. The Turing digital archive (http://www.turingarchive.org), contents of AMT/C/11.

Turing Alan M. 1951. Intelligent machinery, a heretical theory. The Turing digital archive (http://www.turingarchive.org), contents of AMT/B/4.

Turing Alan M. 1950. “Computing machinery and intelligence”. Mind, LIX(236): 443–455.

Turing Alan M. 1953. Digital computers applied to games. The Turing digital archive (http://www.turingarchive.org), contents of AMT/B/7.

Warwick Kevin, Huma Shah. 2015. “Human misidentification in Turing tests”. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 27(2): 123–135.

Warwick Kevin, Huma Shah. 2016. “Effects of lying in practical Turing tests”, AI & SOCIETY 31(1): 5–15.

Ruch Filozoficzny

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Published

2019-06-22

How to Cite

1.
ŁUPKOWSKI, Paweł. Turing’s 1948 ‘Paper Chess Machine’ Test as a Prototype of the Turing Test. Ruch Filozoficzny. Online. 22 June 2019. Vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 117-128. [Accessed 12 March 2026]. DOI 10.12775/RF.2019.024.
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Vol. 75 No. 2 (2019): The issue dedicated to Professor Urszula Żegleń on the occassion of her jubilee celebrations

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