Between Secularity and Ultra-Orthodoxy: The Cultural Conflict between Hilonim and Haredim and Its Impact on Israel’s Cultural Security
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/HiP.2024.013Keywords
Israel, cultural security, cultural conflicts, cultural security of the State of Israel, Haredim, HilonimAbstract
This study deals with the dispute between secular Jews (Hilonim) and Orthodox Jews (Haredim) that is taking place in Israel today. Because of its nature – it concerns values, lifestyles, religion, worldview, and identity issues – it can be categorised as a cultural conflict. They represent one of the most significant challenges to cultural security. The case of Israel is no different. This paper looks closely at the determinants of the dispute between Haredim and Hilonim and the critical issues at stake. The discussion is placed in the context of Israel’s major cultural security issues.
References
Abrahamic Study Hall. (2017, July 15). Aliyah: Law of Return. Retrieved from: https://www.abrahamicstudyhall.org/2017/07/15/aliyah-law-of-return/.
Avruch, K. (2002). Cross-Cultural Conflict. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242598393_CROSS-CULTURAL_CONFLICT.
Baak, C. van, Hayes, B.E., Freilich, J.D., & Chermak, S.M. (2022). Honor Killings in the United States from 1990 to 2021: Primary Victims and Corollary Victims. Crime & Delinquency, 1–30. DOI: 10.1177/00111287221128482.
Berns, G.S., & Atran, S. (2012). Introduction. The Biology of Cultural Conflict. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1589), 633–639. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0307.
Black, S. (2021, November 2). Haredi Enlistment in the IDF: Does the Proposed New Law Invite Substantive Change?. INSS Insight, 1529. Retrieved from: https://www.inss.org.il/publication/idf-orthodox-jews/.
Blass, N. (2018, December). The Israeli Education System: An Overview. Jerusalem: Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel. Retrieved from: https://www.taubcenter.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/educationintro2018en.pdf.
Cahaner, L., & Malach, G. (2021a, December 28). Lifestyles. The Israel Democracy Institute. Retrieved from: https://en.idi.org.il/haredi/2021/?chapter=38443.
Cahaner, L., & Malach, G. (2021b, December 28). Population. The Israel Democracy Institute. Retrieved from: https://en.idi.org.il/haredi/2021/?chapter=38439.
Cooperman, A. (2016, June 27). Israel’s Religiously Divided Society: A Presentation for the Inter-Agency Task Force on Israeli Arab Issues. Retrieved from: https://www.iataskforce.org/sites/default/files/resource/resource-1454.pdf.
Don-Yehiya, E. (2005). Orthodox Jewry in Israel and in North America. Israel Studies, 10(1), 157–187. DOI: 10.1353/is.2005.0107.
Do Rzeczy. (2020, January 7). Izrael: Burza po słowach rabina o imigrantach i gojach. Retrieved from: https://dorzeczy.pl/swiat/125543/izrael-burza-po-slowach-rabina-o-imigrantach-i-gojach.html.
Fisher, N. (2016). The Fundamentalist Dilemma: Lessons from the Israeli Haredi Case. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 48(3), 531–549. DOI: 10.1017/S0020743816000477.
Han, L. (2014, February). Chinese Cultural Security in the Information Communication Era. Focus Asia: Perspective & Analysis, 6. Retrieved from: https://isdp.eu/content/uploads/publications/2014-lin-han-chinese-cultural-security-information-communication-era.pdf.
Heilman, S.C., & Friedman, M. (1991). The Haredim in Israel. Who Are They and What Do They Want?. New York, NY: Institute of American Jewish-Israeli Relations, the American Jewish Committee. Retrieved from: https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/c__w/The Haredim in Israel.pdf.
Hermann, T. (2013). The Israeli Democracy Index 2013. Retrieved from: https://en.idi.org.il/publications/6175.
Heydari, A., Teymoori, A., & Trappes, R. (2021). Honor Killing as a Dark Side of Modernity: Prevalence, Common Discourses, and a Critical View. Social Science Information, 60(1), 86–106. DOI: 10.1177/0539018421994777.
Jagiełło-Szostak, A., Sienko, N., & Szyszlak, T. (2018). Konflikty kulturowe a bezpieczeństwo. Mniejszości etniczne – ludy tubylcze – uchodźcy w przestrzeni postkomunistycznej. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. (n.d.). Statistical Report on Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Society in Israel 2017. Retrieved from: https://en.idi.org.il/media/10441/statistical-report-on-ultra-orthodox-society-in-israel-2017.pdf.
Jewish Virtual Library. (n.d.). Israel Political Parties: United Torah Judaism. Retrieved from: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/united-torah-judaism-political-party.
Katz, Y.J. (2002, June). Core Curriculum in the Israeli Educational System. Paper Presented at 4th International Conference on Teacher Training. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272135988_Core_curriculum_in_the_Israeli_educational_system.
Kimmerling, B. (2001). The Invention and Decline of Israeliness: State, Society, and the Military. Berkeley–New York–London: University of California Press.
Kosiorek, P. (2022). Sytuacja, rola i znaczenie imigrantów z byłego ZSRR w Izraelu – między tożsamością radziecką a żydowską. Wschodnioznawstwo, 16, 247–268. DOI: 10.4467/20827695WSC.22.014.16763.
Krasivskyy, O., & Pidberezhnyk, A. (2021). Cultural Security of Ukraine. Przegląd Strategiczny, 11(14), 471–488. DOI: 10.14746/ps.2021.1.27.
Krupocin, D., & Krupocin, J. (2020). The Impact of Climate Change on Cultural Security. Journal of Strategic Security, 13(4), 1–27. DOI: 0.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1847.
Kymlicka, W. (2009). Justice and Security in the Accommodation of Minority Nationalism. In: S. May, T. Modood, & J. Squires (Eds.). Ethnicity, Nationalism and Minority Rights (pp. 144–175). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511489235.008.
LeBaron, M. (2003, July). Culture and Conflict. Beyond Intractability. Retrieved from: https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/culture_conflict.
Liebman, Ch.S, & Don-Yehiya, E. (1983). Civil Religion in Israel, Traditional Judaism and Political Culture in the Jewish State. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lintl, P. (2020, December). The Haredim as a Challenge for the Jewish State. SWP Research Paper, 14. Berlin: German Institute for International and Security Affairs. DOI: 10.18449/2020RP14.
Matusiak, M. (2021, June). „Rosyjska ulica”. Miejsce i znaczenie imigrantów z byłego ZSRR w Izraelu. Punkt Widzenia OSW, 84. Retrieved from: https://www.osw.waw.pl/sites/default/files/PW_Rosyjska-ulica_net_1.pdf.
Munro, H.L. (2021). Identity, Religion, and the State: Haredi Politics and Social Change in Israel [Doctoral Thesis]. Durham: Durham University. Retrieved from: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/14174/1/HMunro_CorrectedThesis.pdf?DDD5+.
Munro, H.L. (2022). The Politics of Language Choice in Haredi Communities in Israel. Journal of Jewish Languages, 10(2), 169–199. DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10026.
Pew Research Center. (2016, March 8). Israel’s Religiously Divided Society. Retrieved from: https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2016/03/08/israels-religiously-divided-society/.
Picard, A. (2017). Like A Phoenix: The Renaissance of Sephardic/Mizrahi Identity in Israel in the 1970s and 1980s. Israel Studies, 22(2), 1–25. DOI: 10.2979/israelstudies.22.2.01.
Pohl, A. (2014). Wpływ judaizmu na prawodawstwo Izraela. Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM, 9, 35–50.
Rosenberg, D. (2017, February 17). Poll: Haredim Oppose IDF Draft – and Shaming of Haredi Soldiers. Retrieved from: https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/225186.
Sachs, N., & Reeves, B. (2017). Tribes, Identity, and Individual Freedom in Israel. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Retrieved from: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/cmep_20170331_tribes-of-israel1.pdf.
Shafir, G., & Peled, Y. (2002). Being Israeli. The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Solarz, A.M. (2012). Podziały wśród społeczności żydowskiej i problemy bezpieczeństwa Izraela. Wschodnioznawstwo, 6, 129–152.
Staff, T. (2019, December 10). Most Israelis Support Shabbat Buses, Including Likud Voters, ‘Traditional’ Jews. The Times of Israel. Retrieved from: https://www.timesofisrael.com/most-israelis-support-shabbat-buses-including-likud-voters-traditional-jews/.
Staff, T. (2022a, May 24). Treasury Said Planning Funding Reform to Push Haredi Schools to Teach Core Subjects. The Times of Israel. Retrieved from: https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministry-said-planning-funding-reform-to-push-haredi-schools-to-teach-core-subjects/.
Staff, T. (2022b, September 12). Netanyahu-Brokered Haredi Unity Deal Would Fund Schools That Shun Secular Subjects. The Times of Israel. Retrieved from: https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-brokered-deal-would-fund-haredi-schools-that-shun-secular-subjects/.
Stein, K. (2022, July 10). David Ben-Gurion and Status-Quo Agreement – Jewish Laws to Be Protected in Coming State [June 19, 1947]. Center for Israel Education. Retrieved from: https://israeled.org/resources/documents/david-ben-gurion-and-the-status-quo-agreement-jewish-laws-to-be-protected-in-the-coming-state/.
Szydzisz, M. (2012). Religijne wymiary konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego. Wschodnioznawstwo, 6, 167–179.
Szyszlak, E. (2021). Cultural Security of Minorities under Threat: The Situation of the Uyghurs in the People’s Republic of China. Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces, 53(4), 719–733. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6176.
The Law of Return. (1950) Retrieved from: https://archive.jewishagency.org/first-steps/program/5131/.
The Times of Israel. (2022, September 12). Degel HaTorah, Agudat Yisrael Agree to Run Again in United Ultra-Orthodox Faction. Retrieved from: https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/degel-hatorah-agudat-yisrael-agree-to-run-again-in-united-ultra-orthodox-faction/.
Włodkowska-Bagan, A. (2009). Bezpieczeństwo kulturowe. In: K.A. Wojtaszczyk, & A. Materska-Sosnowska (Eds.). Bezpieczeństwo państwa (pp. 143–171). Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA JR.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Piotr Kosiorek, Marcin Szydzisz, Elżbieta Szyszlak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Nicolaus Copernicus University fully respects the right to privacy and protection of personal data of all authors. The authors’ personal data is not used for commercial and/or marketing purposes.Stats
Number of views and downloads: 955
Number of citations: 0
