REVERSING STATE FAILURE IN SOMALIA: POLICY AREAS AND POLITICAL PROCESSES IN NEED OF CHANGE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/CJPS.2017.008Keywords
Somalian reforms, failed state, Somalian Compact, political IslamAbstract
In 2012, after over twenty years of being a failed state in conflict with the neighbours and a mosaic of warring clans and religious factions, Somalia was offered a chance to become a functioning country. With extensive foreign support, the Somalis adopted a provisional constitution, and elected a parliament, which elected a president. In 2013 Somalia signed a Compact that contained detailed plan for rebuilding state structures and institutions for the following there years. However, the implementation of the plan faces a multitude of challenges, including among others the particular interests of clan leaders, Al-Quaeda-supported Al-Shabab militia, and lack of perspectives for the young generation. What the state needs besides continued external support is the bottom-up process of establishing authorities and young leaders.
References
Abdullahi, A. M. (2012, June 12). Islamism and Politics in Somalia. Meeting Summary. London: Chatam House. Retrieved on 8 June 2015 from http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Africa/120612summary.pdf
Ahmad, A. (2012). The Business of Islamism: A Rational Look at Political Islam in Somalia. Belfer Center Newsletter. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. Retrieved on June 8, 2015 from https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/business-islamism-rational-look-political-islam-somalia
Atta-Asamoah, A. & Neus Ramis Segui, N. R. (2014). Somalia: Fighting the Odds in the Search for Peace after the Transition, Institute for Security Studies Special Report, March 2014, 1-10. Retrieved on July 2, 2015 from https://issafrica.org/research/situation-reports/somalia-fighting-the-odds-in-the-search-for-peace-after-the-transition
Balthasar, D. (2014). Thinking Beyond Roadmaps in Somalia. CSIS report, November 2004. Retrieved on June 12, 2015 from https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/141118_Balthasar_ThinkingBeyondRoadmaps_Web.pdf
Bruton, B. E. (2010). Somalia - a New Approach. Council on Foreign Relations Special Report No. 52.
Buzanski, M. (2015). Turning Somalia Around. The Cairo Review of Global Affairs, Fall 2015. Available at https://www.thecairoreview.com/essays/turning-somalia-around/
Byrne, M. (2013). The Failed State and Failed State- Building: How Can a Move Away From the Failed State Discourse Inform Development in Somalia? Birkbeck Law Review 1(1), 111-134
Committee on Foreign Affairs, US House of Representatives. (2013, October 3). Al-Shabaab: How Great a Threat [Congressional Hearing Transcript]. Retrieved on June 12, 2015 from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg85104/pdf/CHRG-113hhrg85104.pdf
Gabho, A. (n. d.). Somalia: Engaging Grassroots Traditional Governance Initiatives. Mercy Corps leaflet. Retrieved on 8 June 2015 fromhttp://www.mercycorps.org/sites/default/files/Somalia.pdf
GlobalSecurity.org (n.d.). Somalia Civil War. Retrieved on July 13, 2015 from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/somalia.htm
Hanson, S. & Kapla, E. (2008). Somalia's Transitional Government. Retrieved on 10 June 2015 from www.cfr.org/somalia/somalias-transitional-government/p12475
Hogendoorn, E. J. (2013, October 8). Security and Governance in Somalia. Testimony at the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee. [Video]. Available at https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/somalia/security-and-governance-somalia
Hogg, A. L. (2008). Timeline: Somalia, 1991-2008. From troubled to dire. The Atlantic, December issue. Retrieved on June 7, 2015 from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/12/timeline-somalia-1991-2008/307190/
International Crisis Group. (2014, June 26). Somalia: Al-Shabaab – It Will Be a Long War. Retrieved on June 7, 2015 from https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/somalia/somalia-al-shabaab-it-will-be-long-war
Interpeace. (2009). A history of mediation in Somalia since 1988. Interpeace report. The Center for Research and Dialogue. Retrieved on 3 June 2015 from http://www.interpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/2009_Som_Interpeace_A_History_Of_Mediation_In_Somalila_Since_1988_EN.pdf
J. L. (2012, February 23). How do you solve a problem like Somalia? The Economist. Retrieved on June 7, 2015 from https://www.economist.com/baobab/2012/02/23/how-do-you-solve-a-problem-like-somalia
Menhaus, K. (2010). Diplomacy in a Failed State - mediation in Somalia. Conciliation Resources 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2015 from www.c-r.org/accord-article/diplomacy-failed-state-international- mediation-somalia
Mulrine, A. (2014, December 30). Al Shabab intelligence chief reportedly target of US airstrike in Somalia. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved on June 7, 2015 from https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2014/1230/Al-Shabab-intelligence-chief-reportedly-target-of-US-airstrike-in-Somalia
Powell, B., Ford,R. & Nowrasteh, A. (2008). Somalia after state collapse: chaos or improvement? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 67, 657-670.
Samatar, A. I. (2014, July 1). Defeating al-Shabab and dismembering Somalia. Al Jazeera. Retrieved on June 7, 2015 from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/06/defeating-al-shabab-dismemberin-201463019484226147.html
Skeppström, E. & Nordlund, P. (2014). Security, Stabilisation and State Formation in Somalia: Challenges for Implementing the Somali Compact. FOI, June 2014.
The Somali Compact. (2013). Retrieved on 2 June 2015 from http://www.pbsbdialogue.org/media/filer_public/7c/97/7c97dd48-1992-42d5-81fd-5b319b6a846f/somali_compact_en.pdf
UNDP Somalia. (2012). Empowering Youth for Peace and Development. Somalia Human Development Report 2012. Retrieved on June 12, 2015 from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/242/somalia_report_2012.pdf
United Nations Geospatial Information Section. (2011). The Map of Somalia. Retrieved on 2 May 2015 from http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/somalia.pdf
Updates from the Field & HQ. (2013). The UN Constitutional 1, 8-15
World Bank. (2005). Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics. A World Bank Report. Retrieved on June 6, 2015 from https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 183
Number of citations: 0