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Theoria et Historia Scientiarum

Memory-based and on-line processing of metaphoric sarcasm
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Memory-based and on-line processing of metaphoric sarcasm

Authors

  • Albert Katz Blasko, D. & Connine, C. (1993). LtJects of familiarity and aptness on metaphor processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology,: Learning, memory and cognition, 19, 295-308. Gibbs, R. W. (1986). On the psycholinguistics of sarcasm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, I 15, 3-15. Gibbs (2000). Irony in talk among friends. Metaphor and Symbol, 15, 5-21. Giora, R., Fein, O. & Schwartz, T (1998). Irony: graded salience and indirect negation. Metaphor and Symbol, 13, 83-101. Glucksberg, S. (1991). Beyond literal meanings: The psychology of allusion. Psychological Science, 2, 146-152. Holtgraves, T. (1991). Interpreting cluestions and replies: effects of face-threat, question form, and gender. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, I 5-24. Holtgraves, T. (1992). Interpersonal underpinnings of request strategies: General principles and differences due to culture and gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 246-256. Holtgraves, T. (1994). Communication in context: effects of speaker status on the comprehension of indirect requests. Journal of Experimental Psychology,: Learning, memory and cognition, 20, 1205-1218. Holtgraves, T. (1997a). Politeness and memory for wording of remarks. Memory and Cognition, 25, 106-1 16. Holtgraves, T. (1997b). Styles of language use: Individual and cultural variability in conversational indirectness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 624-637. Jorgensen, J. (1996). The functions of sarcastic irony in speech. Journal of Pragmatics, 26, 613634. Just, M. & Carpenter, P. (1980). A theory of reading: from eye fixation to comprehension. Psychological review, 87, 329-354 Katz, A. (1996a). On interpreting statements as metaphor or irony: Contextual heuristics and cognitive consequences. In J.S. Mio and A.N. Katz (eds) Metaphor: implications and applications (pp. 1-22). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, inc. Katz, A. (1996b). Experimental Psycholinguistics and figurative language: Circa 1995. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 1 1, 17-37. Katz, A. & Lee, C. (1993). The role of authorial intent in determining verbal irony and metaphor. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, H. 257-279. Katz, A. & Pexman, P. (1997). Interpreting figurative statements: Speaker occupation can change metaphor to irony. Metaphor and Symbol, 12, 19-11. Kay, P. (1997). Words and the grammar of context. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. Kelly, S., Barr, D., Church, R., & lynch, K. (1999) Offering a hand to pragmatic understanding: the role of speech and gesture in comprehension and memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 577-592. Kemper, S. & Thissen, D. (1981). Memo~y for dimensions of requests. Journal of Verbal Learning and verbal Behavior, 20, 552-563 Kreuz, R. (1996). The use of verbal irony: Cues and constraints. In J.S. Mio and A.N. Katz (eds) Metaphor: implications and applications (pp. 23-38). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, inc. Kreuz, R., Kassler, M., C.oppenrath, L & Allen, B. (in press). Tag questions and common ground effects in the perception of verbal ir~ny. Journal of Pragmatics. Kreuz, R. & Glucksberg, S. (1989) How to be sarcastic: The echoic reminder theory of verbal irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 374-386. Lee, C. & Katz, A. (1998). The ditferential role of ridicule in sarcasm and irony. Metaphor and Symbol, 13, 1-5. MacDonald (2000). Neuropsychological studies of sarcasm, Metaphor and Symbol, 15, 85-98. McRae, K„ Spivey-Knowlton, M. K Tanenhaus, M. (1998). Modeling the influence of thematic fit (and other constraints)in on-line sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 38, 283-312. Pexman, P, Ferretti, T. & Katz, A (2000). Discourse factors that influence on-line reading of metaphor and irony. Discourse process, 29, 201-222. Pynte, J., Besson, M. Robichon, F-H & Poli, J. (1996). The time course of metaphor comprehension: An event-related potential study. Brain and Language, 1996, 55, 293-316. Steen, G. (1993). Metaphor and literary reception. London: Longman Group. Toplak, M. & Katz, A. (2000). On the uses of sarcastic irony, Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1467-1488. Turner, N. & Katz, A. (1997). The availability of conventional and of literal meaning during the comprehension of proverbs. Pragmatics and Cognition, 5, 199-133. Searle, J. (1979). Metaphor. In A Ortony (ed) Metaphor and Thought (pp. 92-123). Cambridge, GB: Cambridge University press. Vu, H., Kellas, G. & Paul, S. (in press). Sources of sentence constraint on lexical ambiguity resolution. Memory and Cognition. Winner, E. (1988). The point of words Children’s understanding of metaphor and irony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/ths.2002.010

Keywords

methaphor, memory-based processing, on-line processing, metaphoric irony, social constraints, contextual constraints

Abstract

Metaphoric statements such as “He certainly is Romeo to her Juliet” can be uttered not only as a metaphor but used sarcastically to make a commentary on the metaphor. So how does one determine the intent of the speaker who utters such a statement? Evidence is reviewed about the constraints that are available for use by someone who reads or hears such a statement and an experiment is described which indicates that at least some of these constraints work on-line, that is during the moment-to-moment processing of the statement as it is encountered.

References

Blasko, D. & Connine, C. (1993). LtJects of familiarity and aptness on metaphor processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology,: Learning, memory and cognition, 19, 295-308.

Gibbs, R. W. (1986). On the psycholinguistics of sarcasm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, I 15, 3-15.

Gibbs (2000). Irony in talk among friends. Metaphor and Symbol, 15, 5-21.

Giora, R., Fein, O. & Schwartz, T (1998). Irony: graded salience and indirect negation. Metaphor and Symbol, 13, 83-101.

Glucksberg, S. (1991). Beyond literal meanings: The psychology of allusion. Psychological Science, 2, 146-152.

Holtgraves, T. (1991). Interpreting cluestions and replies: effects of face-threat, question form, and gender. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, I 5-24.

Holtgraves, T. (1992). Interpersonal underpinnings of request strategies: General principles and differences due to culture and gender. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 246-256.

Holtgraves, T. (1994). Communication in context: effects of speaker status on the comprehension of indirect requests. Journal of Experimental Psychology,: Learning, memory and cognition, 20, 1205-1218.

Holtgraves, T. (1997a). Politeness and memory for wording of remarks. Memory and Cognition, 25, 106-1 16.

Holtgraves, T. (1997b). Styles of language use: Individual and cultural variability in conversational indirectness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 624-637.

Jorgensen, J. (1996). The functions of sarcastic irony in speech. Journal of Pragmatics, 26, 613634.

Just, M. & Carpenter, P. (1980). A theory of reading: from eye fixation to comprehension. Psychological review, 87, 329-354

Katz, A. (1996a). On interpreting statements as metaphor or irony: Contextual heuristics and cognitive consequences. In J.S. Mio and A.N. Katz (eds) Metaphor: implications and applications (pp. 1-22). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, inc.

Katz, A. (1996b). Experimental Psycholinguistics and figurative language: Circa 1995. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 1 1, 17-37.

Katz, A. & Lee, C. (1993). The role of authorial intent in determining verbal irony and metaphor. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, H. 257-279.

Katz, A. & Pexman, P. (1997). Interpreting figurative statements: Speaker occupation can change metaphor to irony. Metaphor and Symbol, 12, 19-11.

Kay, P. (1997). Words and the grammar of context. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

Kelly, S., Barr, D., Church, R., & lynch, K. (1999) Offering a hand to pragmatic understanding: the role of speech and gesture in comprehension and memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 577-592.

Kemper, S. & Thissen, D. (1981). Memo~y for dimensions of requests. Journal of Verbal Learning and verbal Behavior, 20, 552-563

Kreuz, R. (1996). The use of verbal irony: Cues and constraints. In J.S. Mio and A.N. Katz (eds) Metaphor: implications and applications (pp. 23-38). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, inc.

Kreuz, R., Kassler, M., C.oppenrath, L & Allen, B. (in press). Tag questions and common ground effects in the perception of verbal ir~ny. Journal of Pragmatics.

Kreuz, R. & Glucksberg, S. (1989) How to be sarcastic: The echoic reminder theory of verbal irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 374-386.

Lee, C. & Katz, A. (1998). The ditferential role of ridicule in sarcasm and irony. Metaphor and Symbol, 13, 1-5.

MacDonald (2000). Neuropsychological studies of sarcasm, Metaphor and Symbol, 15, 85-98.

McRae, K„ Spivey-Knowlton, M. K Tanenhaus, M. (1998). Modeling the influence of thematic fit (and other constraints)in on-line sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 38, 283-312.

Pexman, P, Ferretti, T. & Katz, A (2000). Discourse factors that influence on-line reading of metaphor and irony. Discourse process, 29, 201-222.

Pynte, J., Besson, M. Robichon, F-H & Poli, J. (1996). The time course of metaphor comprehension: An event-related potential study. Brain and Language, 1996, 55, 293-316.

Steen, G. (1993). Metaphor and literary reception. London: Longman Group.

Toplak, M. & Katz, A. (2000). On the uses of sarcastic irony, Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1467-1488.

Turner, N. & Katz, A. (1997). The availability of conventional and of literal meaning during the comprehension of proverbs. Pragmatics and Cognition, 5, 199-133.

Searle, J. (1979). Metaphor. In A Ortony (ed) Metaphor and Thought (pp. 92-123). Cambridge, GB: Cambridge University press.

Vu, H., Kellas, G. & Paul, S. (in press). Sources of sentence constraint on lexical ambiguity resolution. Memory and Cognition.

Winner, E. (1988). The point of words Children’s understanding of metaphor and irony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Theoria et Historia Scientiarum

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Published

2007-01-02

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1.
KATZ, Albert. Memory-based and on-line processing of metaphoric sarcasm. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum. Online. 2 January 2007. Vol. 6, no. 1, p. 229=244. [Accessed 19 May 2026]. DOI 10.12775/ths.2002.010.
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