Мовнонормативна свідомість викладачів польської мови в Україні у сфері використання дієслівних форм третьої та другої особи множини як складових польських прономінальних звертань до адресата

Abstract

The article presents the results of a survey conducted among Polish language teachers in Ukraine (83 respondents from universities and language courses in 16 cities) regarding verbal forms of 3rdPl and 2ndPl in Polish-language addresses to the plural addressee: państwo / panie / panowie – byli or byliście. The article aims to find out what motivations may incline teachers to use each of the variant verb forms, which, in turn, reveals the state of their language and normative consciousness as those users of the Polish language in Ukraine who exert essential influence on the formation of students’ speech etiquette skills. The study showed a slight advantage of the third-person forms (76%) over the second-person forms (63%). Regarding the former, the normative motivation for their use prevails, which includes grammatical correctness, politeness, formality, and the desire to teach adherents the most appropriate forms. Regarding the latter, the pragmatic motivation dominates: closeness between communication partners, less formality, and duration of contact. Higher education teachers are somewhat more clearly aware than course teachers of the functional potential of second-person forms, despite the fact that they can be the subject of normative discussions. In general, theoretical terms, the study confirms the fact of the significance of some grammatical forms of the language system as carriers of subtle pragmatic meanings.