Фальсифікація мовного образу України та презентація українізмів у тлумачних словниках російської мови кінця ХХ – поч. ХХІ століття

Abstract

The article characterizes the issue of countering Russian and Ukrainian ideologies as the “friend or foe” dichotomy, manifested in the activities of Russian lexicographers at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. It addresses a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview that reflects the relationship between Russia and Ukraine, capturing the linguistic image of Ukraine through an analysis of the meanings of lexical units with the prefix Russian “украин-” and considering borrowings from Ukrainian into Russian: lexical barbarisms (Ukrainian words presented in Russian script) and variants of lexical-semantic calques. The article traces manipulative technologies in modeling evaluative verbalizers – negative semantics and pragmatics (irony, sarcasm, contempt, mockery, etc.), corresponding to ideological language games, which are represented both in the structure of lexical meaning at the level of actualized semantic fields and, especially, in the discursive space of illustrative material, where an axiologically marked, predominantly distorted meaning is revealed. As a result of borrowing, there occurs (1) a polar shift in the evaluative meaning contained in the Ukrainian word, and (2) linguistic expansion: an artificial focus on negative perceptions of Ukrainisms and everything related to Ukraine, aimed at creating a specific ideological-psychological complex among Russians that presents a scale of social values of the Russian linguistic community and a corresponding scale of evaluation for Russian speakers – hatred towards Ukraine and Ukrainians, a superior, contemptuous attitude towards them, i.e., a sharply negative moral and ethical perception of them. The manifestation of “gray” and “black” propaganda is examined.