REASONS FOR THE APPEARANCE OF THE IMAGE OF CHRIST IN THE COINAGE OF EMPEROR JUSTINIAN II (REIGN 685–695, 705–711)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/SPLP.2023.021Keywords
Abd al-Malik, Byzantine coinage, early Middle Ages, image of Christ, Justinian II, Trullan Council, Quinisext CouncilAbstract
In the article I discussed the reasons why Justinian II began minting coins with the image of Christ. It was quite a significant event in the iconography of Byzantine coinage. While coins with the Christian symbols appeared from the time of Constantine the Great, the bust of Christ appeared on minted coins for the first time around 691/692. The reasons that I am analyzing are related to: 1. the support of the Trullan Council (or in other words: the quinisextum synod) and the canon 82., ordering to present Christ as a man; 2. Abd al-Malik’s Arab expansion and provoking him to war by rejecting tribute payable in coins other than those with the image of the emperor and Christ (in Islam all human images were forbidden); 3. the legitimacy of imperial power, especially in the second period of Justinian II’s reign. The topic I have undertaken is also an encouragement to a scientific discussion related to the early medieval Byzantine coinage.References
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