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Medical and Biological Sciences

Metabolic Syndrome – Epidemiological Problem?
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Metabolic Syndrome – Epidemiological Problem?

Authors

  • Marcin Gierach Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz
  • Roman Junik Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/mbs-2013-0028

Keywords

metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity

Abstract

The main components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are abdominal obesity, hypertension, lipid disorders such as aterogenic dyslipidemia and carbohydrates disorders such as impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus type 2

The first definition of MetS was described by Reaven in 1988 and was named as syndrome X.

In the United States of America, the metabolic syndrome affects about 25 % of US adults. In Poland, data based on NATPOL PLUS study, according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, metabolic syndrome was ascertained in 20.3% of adult inhabitants, and taking into account IDF criteria MetS was recognized in 26.2% of investigated people. All components of the metabolic syndrome, such as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and lipid disturbances (atherogenic dyslipidemia) together with age become more and more frequent, which leads to the increase of MetS in general population.

The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is connected with about 3-4-times increase of the cardiovascular risk and it is to separate patients with cardiovascular episodes in possibly earliest clinical phase. It is diagnosed more and more frequently connected mostly with the increase of the number of people with the abdominal stoutness and growing insulin resistance.

It is the world epidemiological problem, which should be fought against on the spot. It is an indication to initiate a suitable diet and the recommendation of a suitable physical effort for the purpose of initial prophylaxis. Certainly, pharmacological treatment should be initiated if necessary.

References

De Nunzio C, Aronson W, Freedland SJ et al. The correlation between metabolic syndrome and prostatic disease. Eur Urol. 2011; 15.

Reaven GM: Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988; 37: 1595-1607.

Alberti KGHM, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetic Med. 1998; 15: 539-553.

Pouliot MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1994; 73: 460-468.

Ford ES, Giles WH. A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 575-581.

Alberti KGHM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome - a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the international diabetes federation. Diabetic Med. 2006; 23: 469-480.

Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002; 287: 356-359.

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Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007; 116: 39-48.

Kershaw EE, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 2548-2556.

Vanuzzo D, Pilotto L, Mirolo R et al. Cardiovascular risk and cardiometabolic risk: an epidemiological evaluation. G Ital Cardiol. 2008; 9: 6-17.

Breuer H: Hypertriglyceridemia: A review of clinical relevance and treatment options: focus on cerivastatin. Curr Med Res Opin. 2001; 17: 60-73.

Tenenbaum A, Motro M, Fisman EZ, et al. Bezafibrate for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165: 1154-1160.

Assmann G, Schulte H. Relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides to incidence of atherosclerosis coronary artery disease (the PROCAM experience). Am J Cardiol. 1992; 70: 733-737.

Medical and Biological Sciences

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Published

2014-04-08

How to Cite

1.
GIERACH, Marcin and JUNIK, Roman. Metabolic Syndrome – Epidemiological Problem?. Medical and Biological Sciences. Online. 8 April 2014. Vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 11-16. [Accessed 7 July 2025]. DOI 10.12775/mbs-2013-0028.
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Issue

Vol. 27 No. 4 (2013)

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REVIEWS

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