Comments killed the k-pop star. Mord społeczny na Choi Jin Ri jako studium przypadku współczesnej paniki moralnej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/ll.2.2021.008Schlagworte
fan studies, fandom, k-pop, panika moralna, Korea PołudniowaAbstract
Nieakceptowalne społecznie zachowanie Choi Jin Ri (piosenkarki występującej pod pseudonimem Sulli) doprowadziło do wybuchu paniki moralnej wśród netizenów Korei Południowej. Artystka zyskała zaciekłych anty-fanów, łamiąc niepisany etos obowiązujący w koreańskim przemyśle kulturowym, regulujący zachowanie idoli oraz relacje pomiędzy idolami a fanami. Konserwatywne społeczeństwo nie mogło zaakceptować głoszonych przez Choi Jin Ri feministycznych postulatów, bliskich związków z innymi idolkami czy seksualnych podtekstów w udostępnianych przez nią treściach. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostało studium przypadku internetowego i medialnego hejtu, polegającego na tym, że internauci za pomocą reakcji i komentarzy dotyczących sfery prywatnej wpływali na odbiór pracy zawodowej oraz zdrowie psychiczne artystki, co doprowadziło do jej samobójstwa w 2019 r. Artykuł problematyzuje pełne nienawiści treści poprzez analizę elementów współczesnego krajobrazu medialnego oraz mechanizmów paniki moralnej jako zjawiska stymulowanego przez strukturę współczesnych mediów.
Literaturhinweise
Benjamin, J. (2019). Sulli Was an Outspoken K-Pop Star in an Industry That Would’ve Preffered She Stayed Quiet. Retrieved from: https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8532906/sulli-legacy-memorial-outspoken-kpop-star
Billboard Staff. (2019). 25 Greatest K-Pop Albums of the 2010s: Staff List. Retrieved from: https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8546586/greatest-k-pop-albums-2010s-top-25
Borowiec, S. (2019). Commentary: Who really killed South Korean celebrity Sulli? Retrieved from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/south-korea-celebrity-sulli-f-x--suicide-cause-death-12018318
Chernomas, R., & Hudson, I. (2009). Social Murder: The Long-Term Effects of Conservative Economy Politcs. International Journal of Health Services, 39(1), 107-121. doi: https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.39.1.e
Dela Cruz, E. (2020). These Successful K-pop Idols Also Own Entertainment Companies and Labels. Retrieved from: https://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/294795/20200916/these-successful-k-pop-idols-also-own-entertainment-companies-and-labels.htm
Do, K. (2015). K-Pop Idols: Who Trained The Longest and The Shortest? Retrieved from: https://www.soompi.com/article/695835wpp/k-pop-idols-who-trained-the-longest-and-the-shortest
Dong, H. (2018). Sulli suffers from panic disorder, social phobia [Video]. Retrieved from: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2018/10/732_257093.html
Dong, S. (2018). Did Sulli delete Instagram photo over Lolita reference? Retrieved from: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/11/732_250309.html
Dong, S. (2020). K-pop stars after glory days. Retrieved from: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2020/10/732_297475.html
Epstein, E., & Joo R. (2012). Multiple Exposures: Korean Bodies and the Transnational Imagination. The Asia-Pacific Journal, 10(33), 1-17.
Girard, R. (1987). Kozioł ofiarny (przeł. M. Goszczyńska). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Łódzkie.
Gonsalves, J. (2020). K-Pop Exposed: “Slave contracts” once ruled the industry, now fans dictate what an idol is allowed to do. Retrieved from: https://meaww.com/k-pop-exposed-slave-contracts-draconian-rules-mistreatment-label-control-fan-demands-backlash
Grazy Grace. (2018). 10 Strict Rules Kpop Artists Must Follow 그레이스. Retrieved from: https://youtu.be/nJiCE4GhxwI
Haxoru. (2015). Jinnabit (Sulli’s Ex-Fansite Admin) Keeps Doing The Most! Say Sulli Hates f(x) in Recent Tweets. Retrieved from: https://omonatheydidnt.livejournal.com/16076398.html
Hazra, P. (2021). K-drama Actor Who Started As K-pop Idols And Where To Watch Them. Retrieved from: https://www.shethepeople.tv/film-theatre/k-drama-actors-k-pop-idols-iu-joy-bae-suzi-yoona/
Hong, C. (2019a). Donation Made In Sulli’s Name In Recognition Of Her Comments To Women’s Issues. Retrieved from: https://www.soompi.com/article/1368336wpp/donation-made-in-sullis-name-in-recognition-of-her-commitment
Hong, C. (2019b). Sulli Included In U2’s Tribute To Korean Women Of History During Their Seoul Concert. Retrieved from: https://www.soompi.com/article/1370328wpp/sulli-included-in-u2s-tribute-to-korean-women-of-history-during-their-seoul-concert
Hong, J. (2019). Cyberbullies turn their hate on dead star’s ex-boyfriend. Retrieved from: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/10/745_277246.html
J.K. (2019). Sulli Shares How Pregnancy Rumor Started After Hospital Visit. Retrieved from: https://www.soompi.com/article/1339857wpp/sulli-shares-how-pregnancy-rumor-started-after-hospital-visit
J.K. (2020). Insiders Question The Effectiveness Of Disabling Comments On Entertainment News; ”Sulli Act” Repotedly No Longer In Talks. Retrieved from: https://www.soompi.com/article/1411495wpp/insiders-question-the-effectiveness-of-disabling-comments-on-entertainment-news-sulli-act-reportedly-no-longer-in-talks
Jones, J. (2014). Rumors Force Sulli To Take A Break From Performing. Retrieved from: http://www.kdramastars.com/articles/30369/20140725/rumors-force-sulli-to-take-a-break-from-performing.htm
Juza, M. (2015). Hejterstwo w komunikacji internetowej. Charakterystyka zjawiska, przyczyny i sposoby przeciwdziałania. Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja, 25, 27-50.
Kim, J. (2015). Sulli no longer f(x) member. Retrieved from: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2015/08/386_184442.html
Knetizen. (2019). SM ignores Sulli’s request regarding her hate comments. Retrieved from: https://www.knetizen.com/sm-ignores-sullis-request-regarding-her-hate-comments/
Koreaboo. (2018a). Former Idol Reveals Why So Many K-Pop Groups Fail And Disband. Retrieved from: https://www.koreaboo.com/stories/former-idol-member-reveals-the-truth-behind-why-so-many-kpop-groups-fail-and-disband/
Koreaboo. (2018b). These Are The Main Differences Between K-Pop And American Pop. Retrieved from: https://www.koreaboo.com/lists/main-differences-kpop-american-pop-1/
Koreaboo. (2018c). 8 Idols Who Quit The Celebrity Life To Live As Normal People. Retrieved from: https://www.koreaboo.com/lists/kpop-idol-quit-celebrity-normal-life/
Koreaboo. (2018d). 6 Times Haters Bashed Sulli Because They Couldn’t Handle Her Awesomeness. Retrieved from: https://www.koreaboo.com/lists/6-times-haters-bashed-sulli-because-they-couldnt-handle-her-awesomeness/
Koreaboo. (2020). Here’s A Breakdown Of What A Typical Week As K-Pop Idol Trainee Would Look Like. Retrieved from: https://www.koreaboo.com/stories/heres-breakdown-typical-week-kpop-idol-trainee-look-like/
Korea Times. (2020). Life after K-pop: From YouTube fame to solo careers, how do the stars cope when their glory days end? Retrieved from: https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3105491/life-after-k-pop-youtube-fame-solo-careers-how-do-stars
kpopStarz. (2020). 13 K-Pop Groups Wherein All Members Had Their Solo Debut, Solo Song, or Solo Acting Career. Retrieved from: https://www.newsbreak.com/news/2040716139725/13-k-pop-groups-wherein-all-members-had-their-solo-debut-solo-song-or-solo-acting-career
Lee, S. (2016). ‚SNL8’ parodizes recent celebrity scandals. Retrieved from: http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201609251814431324912_2
Leung, S. (2012). Catching the K-Pop Wave: Globality in the Production, Distribution and Consumption of South Korean Popular Music. Retrieved from: https://digitalwindow.vassar.edu/senior_capstone/149/?utm_source=digitalwindow.vassar.edu%2Fsenior_capstone%2F149&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
Lim, J. (2019). Sulli’s Law. Retrieved from: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2019/10/352_277559.html
Lin. (2019). Netizens & BLINKs Angry Again While Claiming Jennie Continues To Have Better Treatment Than Other BLACKPINK Members. Retrieved from: https://www.kpopmap.com/netizens-blinks-angry-again-while-claiming-jennie-continues-to-have-better-treatment-than-other-blackpink-members/
Mark. (2017). Is Sulli a Symbol of Sexual Liberation or Internalized Oppression? Retrieved from: https://seoulbeats.com/2017/05/is-sulli-a-symbol-of-sexual-liberation-or-internalized-oppression/
Moreau, B. (2020). Here Are 5 Korean Beauty Standards That K-Pop Idols Are Smashing. Retrieved from: https://www.koreaboo.com/lists/korean-beauty-standards-idols/
Peycheva, S. (2012). The Price of Fame in South Korea. Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20120903001114/http:/www.toonaripost.com/2012/08/entertainment/the-price-of-fame-in-south-korea/
Rice, L. (2019). Oscars Flashback: The tragic life and death of former Disney star Bobby Driscoll. Retrieved from: https://ew.com/oscars/2019/01/22/bobby-driscoll-former-disney-star-oscar-winner/
Sayuridoll. (2016). Princess Sulli Delates Her Instagram Account. Retrieved from: https://omonatheydidnt.livejournal.com/18127785.html
SBS PopAsia HQ. (2018). How much money a K-pop idol makes (according to a former K-pop idol). Retrieved from: https://www.sbs.com.au/popasia/blog/2018/01/29/how-much-money-k-pop-idol-makes-according-former-k-pop-idol
Seabrook, J. (2012). Factory Girls. Cultural technology and the making of K-pop. Retrieved from: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/factory-girls-2
Seoulspace. (2021a). How to be a K-Pop star – Top 10 Best Tips for Kpop Auditions. Retrieved from: https://seoulspace.com/how-to-be-a-kpop-star-top-10-best-tips-for-kpop-auditions/
Seoulspace. (2012b). Korean Beauty Standards Starting to Evolve for the Better. Retrieved from: https://seoulspace.com/korean-beauty-standards-starting-to-evolve-for-the-better/
Sutherland Labs. (2015). Social media and a culture of voyeurism. Retrieved from: https://www.sutherlandlabs.com/blog/social-media-and-a-culture-of-voyeurism/
Tan, L. (2019). Kpop ex-idols Youtube channels – it’s a thing | campus.sg. Retrieved from: https://www.campus.sg/kpop-ex-idol-youtube-channels-its-a-thing-campus-sg/
Upadhyay, R. (2021). Upcoming K-Pop Audition 2021 For Girls: How To Apply. Retrieved from: https://otakukart.com/upcoming-k-pop-audition-2021-for-girls/
Wamxiang. (2018). Knowing for Going Braless, Kpop Stars Sulli and Hwasa Spark Debate on Women’s Freedom. Retrieved from: https://www.feedme.com.my/known-for-going-braless-kpop-stars-sulli-and-hwasa-spark-debate-on-womens-freedom/
Williamson, L. (2011). The dark side of South Korean pop music. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13760064
Womack, L. (2021). 10 Weird Rules K-Pop Stars Have To Follow. Retrieved from: https://www.therichest.com/pop-culture/kpop-stars-weird-rules-follow/
Yeo, J. (2019). Kakao suspends online comments for entertainment articles after Sulli’s death. Retrieved from: http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191025000711
Yuryunj. (2015). Korean Netizen vs International Reactions to K-Pop News. Retrieved from: https://www.soompi.com/article/696263wpp/korean-netizen-vs-international-reactions-to-k-pop-news
Zielińska, I. (2004). Media, interes i panika moralna. Nowa kategoria socjologiczna i jej implikacje. Kultura i Społeczeństwo, 48(4), 161-177.
Downloads
The publisher's shop:
Veröffentlicht
Zitationsvorschlag
Ausgabe
Rubrik
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2021 Joanna Kilanowska
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International. 1. The authors give the publisher (Polish Ethnological Society) non-exclusive license to use the work in the following fields:
a) recording of a Work / subject of a related copyright;
b) reproduction (multiplication) Work / subject of a related copyright in print and digital technique (ebook, audiobook);
c) marketing of units of reproduced Work / subject of a related copyright;
d) introduction of Work / object of related copyright to computer memory;
e) dissemination of the work in an electronic version in the formula of open access under the Creative Commons license (CC BY - ND 3.0).
2. The authors give the publisher the license free of charge.
3. The use of the work by publisher in the above mentioned aspects is not limited in time, quantitatively nor territorially.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 679
Number of citations: 0
