Study on the Brexit’s background and causes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EiP.2018.022Keywords
uropean Union, Brexit, European integration model, European integration crisisAbstract
Motivation: The results of the in-out referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership in the European Union has shown that the European project, understood as a process of political integration within the EU is not stable. The economic crisis as well as the migration crisis has started new discussion on the European project and its weaknesses. The British decision to leave the European Union significantly influences the conditions of the EU functioning and future. There is no doubt that the present situation is the most serious crisis in the history of the European integration.
Aim: The aim of the paper is to analyze the hybrid model of integration and its influence on the United Kingdom’s decision to exit from the European Union and to broaden our understanding of the factors influencing that decision. The specific position of the United Kingdom in the EU will be analyzed. The history of the UK membership in the EU and the fundamental tension in the Member States’ debates concerning the model of integration will be discussed. The current situation represents a trade-off between two rival, federal and confederal, models of integration. The weaknesses of the present model of integration and its influence on the current state of the EU will be discussed.
Results: From the very beginning the UK membership in the EU has been marked by many tensions. One of the most important problem was the discussion on the future model of the integration. The paper demonstrates that the present European integration hybrid model is the main reason for the EU crisis and the United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union.
References
Bartlett, C.J. (1977). A history of postwar Britain. London: Longman.
Butler, D., & Kitzinger, U. (1976). The 1975 referendum. Basinstoke: Macmil-lan.
Childs, D. (2001). Britain since 1945. London–New York: Routledge.
Craig, P. (2014). The United Kingdom, the European Union, and Sovereignty. In R. Rawlings, P. Leyland, & A. Young (Eds.), Sovereignty and the law: do-mestic, European and international perspectives. Oxford: Oxford Scholarship Online. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684069.003.0010.
Craig, P. (2016). Brexit: a drama in six acts. European Law Review, 41(4).
Dąbrowski, M. (2016). The future of the European Union: towards a function-al federalism. Acta Oeconomica, 66(1). doi:10.1556/032.2016.66.S1.2.
Davis, J. (2016). Brexit: what now for the United Kingdom and Europe? Euro-Choices, 15(3). doi:10.1111/1746-692X.12136.
Emerson, M. (2013). Cameron’s big speech on Europe — No, Prime Minister! CEPS Essay, 3.
Euronews. (2015). Explained Cameron and the EU: what does a Brexit mean? Re-trieved 03.05.2017 from http://www.euronews.com.
Gifford, C. (2016). The United Kingdom’s eurosceptic political economy. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 18(4). doi:10.1177/1369148116652776.
Godino, R., & Verder, F. (2014). Heading towards a European federation: Europe’s last chance. Notre Europe Policy Paper, 105.
Greenleaf, W.H. (1983). The British political tradition. London: Routledge.
Habermas, J. (2012). The crisis of the European Union: a response. Malden: Polity Press.
Hallstein, W. (1962). United Europe: challenge and opportunity. Cambridge: Har-vard University Press.
Hunt, A., & Wheeler, B. (2016). The UK´s EU referendum: all you need to know. Retrieved 20.02.2017 from http://www.bbc.com.
Kitzinger, U. (1973). Diplomacy and persuasion: how Britain joined the common market. London: Thames and Hudson.
Somai, M., & Biedermann, Z. (2016). Brexit: reasons and challenges. Acta Oeconomica, 66(1). doi:10.1556/032.2016.66.S1.8.
Streeten, P. (1964). Economic integration: aspects and problems. Leyden: Styhoff.
Streeten, P. (2001). Integration, interdependence and globalization. Finance and Development. A Quarterly Magazine of the IMF, 38(2).
Tendera-Właszczuk, H. (2016). Analysis of the sources of the European Union crisis. Ostrava: Technical University of Ostrava.
VoxEurop. (2017). Retrieved 20.02.2017 from http://www.voxeurop.eu.
Wessels, W. (2014). The political implication of European economic integration. Paper presented at the Jean Monnet Conference on Political Implications of European Economic Integration, Brussels.
Wintour, P., & Syal, R. (2016). Brexit would damage EU and UK 'politically and economically’. Retrieved 20.02.2017 from http://www.theguardian.com.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 960
Number of citations: 0
