Determinants of digital financial exclusion as a barrier to the adoption of mobile banking services in Poland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EiP.2022.028Keywords
digital finance, digital financial inclusion, financial exclusion, mobile banking, CARTAbstract
Motivation: the contemporary phenomenon of financial exclusion, in the sphere of its reasons, consequences and activities aimed at its reduction can be connected, e.g., with using new technologies and financial innovations. The new dimension of such exclusion is created by the digital financial exclusion developed through a diverse set of behavioral, environmental and demographic factors. Their identification and analysis has become an essential activity influencing, e.g., the effectiveness of selective choice and application of proper tools to reduce this exclusion.
Aim: identification and assessment of the determinants related to digital financial exclusion as a barrier in the adoption of mobile banking services, considered from the perspective of their impact on the segmentation of the analysed population.
Results: the ranking, identified by the authors, regarding the importance of predictors indicated that the dependent variable — Y (i.e. people who have an online bank account classified based on the mobile forms of its use) is most influenced by the generation factor — X4 (1.0), followed by: personal innovativeness — X2 (0.92), digital skills — X1 (0.90) and the perceived risks of new technologies — X3 (0.66).
References
Adamek, J., & Solarz, M. (2020). The digital skills conducive to using the Internet and mobile banking services in light of nationwide own research results. Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics, 64(6), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2020.6.01.
Agarwal, R., & Prasad, J. (1998). A conceptual and operational definition of personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology. Information Systems Research, 9(2), 101–215. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.9.2.204.
Alampay, E.A., Moshi, G.C., Ghosh, I., Peralta, M.L.C., & Harshanti, J. (2017). The impact of mobile financial services in low- and lower middle-income countries. Retrieved 20.09.2020 from https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/CMS/Portals/0/PDF%20reviews%20and%20summaries/Mobile%20financial%202017%20Alampay%20report.pdf.
AlSoufi, A., & Ali, H. (2014). Customers perception of m-banking adoption in Kingdom of Bahrain: an empirical assessment of an extended tam model. International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijmit.2014.6401.
Bankole, O., & Cloete, E. (2011). Mobile banking: a comparative study of South Africa and Nigeria. In IEEE Africon’11 (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Benamati, J.S., & Serva, M.A. (2007). Trust and distrust in online banking: their role in developing countries. Information Technology for Development, 13(2), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/itdj.20059.
Bidarra, S., Henrique, S. Muñoz-Leiva, F., & Liébana-Cabanillas, F. (2013). Analysis and modeling of the determinants of mobile banking acceptance. The International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 8(Apr–Jun), 1–27.
Camilleri, S.J., & Grech, G. (2017). The relevance of age categories in explaining internet banking adoption rates and customers’ attitudes towards the service. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 7(2), 29–47.
Chakiso, C.B. (2019). Factors affecting attitudes towards adoption of mobile banking: users and non-users perspectives. Emerging Markets Journal, 9(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2019.167.
Chitungo, S.K., & Munongo, S. (2013). Extending the technology acceptance model to mobile banking adoption in rural Zimbabwe. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 3(1), 51–79.
Das, A., & Das, D. (2020). Perception, adoption, and pattern of usage of FinTech services by bank customers: evidences from Hojai District of Assam. Emerging Economy Studies, 6(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/2394901520907728.
Elhajjar, S., & Ouaida, F. (2020). An analysis of factors affecting mobile banking adoption. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(2), 352–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-02-2019-0055.
Ferrata, L. (2019). Digital financial inclusion: an engine for “leaving no one behind”. Public Sector Economics, 43(4), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.43.4.6.
Flavián, C., Guinaliu, M., & Torres, E. (2006). How bricks-and-mortar attributes affect online banking adoption. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 24(6), 406–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320610701735.
Gabor, D., & Brooks, S (2017). The digital revolution in financial inclusion: international development in the fintech era. New Political Economy, 22(4), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2017.1259298.
Garín-Muñoz, T., López, R., Pérez-Amaral, T., Herguera, I., & Valarezo, A. (2019). Models for individual adoption of eCommerce, eBanking and eGovernment in Spain. Telecommunications policy, 43(1), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2018.01.002.
Garrett, J.L., Rodermund, R., Anderson, N., Berkowitz, S., & Robb, C.A. (2014). Adoption of mobile payments technology by consumers. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 42(4), 358–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12069.
Georgieva, L. (2018). Digital inclusion and the elderly: the case of online banking. In I. Schuurman, L. Sevens, V. Yaneva, & J. O’Flaherty (Eds.), Proceedings of the LREC 2018 workshop: improving social inclusion using NLP: tools, methods and resources (pp. 8–12). European Language Resources Association.
Gomber, P., Koch, J.A., & Siering, M. (2017). Digital Finance and FinTech: current research and future research directions. Journal of Business Economics, 87(5), 537–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x.
Harridge-March, S., Grabner-Kräuter, S., & Faullant, R. (2008). Consumer acceptance of internet banking: the influence of internet trust. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 26(7), 483–504. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320810913855.
Hu, B., & Zheng, L. (2016). Digital finance: definition, models, risk, and regulation. In B. Hu, Z. Yin, & L. Zheng (Eds.), Development of China’s financial supervision and regulation (pp. 31–58). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52225-2_2.
Karma, N.G., Ibrahim, S.B., & Ali, A.H. (2014). Key factors affecting mobile banking adoption among banks’ customers in Sudan. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 2(6), 112–122.
Ketterer, J.A. (2017). Digital finance new times, new challenges, new opportunities. Inter-American Development Bank Discussion Paper, IDP-DP-501, 1–31.
Kim, G., Shin, B., & Lee, H.G. (2009). Understanding dynamics between initial trust and usage intentions of mobile banking. Information Systems Journal, 19(3), 283–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2007.00269.x.
Laforet, S., & Li, X. (2005). Consumers’ attitudes towards online and mobile banking in China. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 23(5), 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320510629250.
Laukkanen, T., & Pasanen, M. (2008). Mobile banking innovators and early adopters: how they differ from other online users. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 13, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fsm.4760077.
Li, B., Hanna, S.D., & Kim, K.T. (2020). Who uses mobile payments: Fintech potential in users and non-users. Journal of Financial Counselling and Planning, 31(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1891/JFCP-18-00083.
Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Sánchez-Fernández, J., & Muñoz-Leiva, F. (2014). Antecedents of the adoption of the new mobile payment systems: the moderating effect of age. Computers in Human Behaviour, 35, 464–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.022.
Lobschat, L., Mueller, B., Eggers, F., Brandimarte, L., Diefenbach, S., Kroschke, M., & Wirtz, J. (2019). Corporate digital responsibility. Journal of Business Research, 122, 875–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.006.
Lu, J., Yao, J.E., & Yu, C. . (2005). Personal innovativeness, social influences and adoption of wireless Internet services via mobile technology. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 14(3), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2005.07.003.
Lyman, T., & Lauer, K. (2015a). Digital financial inclusion. Retrieved 24.09.2020 from https://www.cgap.org/research/publication/digital-financial-inclusion.
Lyman, T., & Lauer, K. (2015b). What is digital financial inclusion and why does it matter. Retrieved 24.09.2020 from https://www.cgap.org/blog/what-digital-financial-inclusion-and-why-does-it-matter.
Malaquias, R.F., & Hwang, Y. (2016). An empirical study on trust in mobile banking: a developing country perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.039.
Manyika, J., Lund, S., Singer, M., White, O., & Berry, C. (2016). Digital finance for all: powering inclusive growth in emerging economies. Retrieved 14.09.2020 from https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/Employment%20and%20Growth/How%20digital%20finance%20could%20boost%20growth%20in%20emerging%20economies/MGI-Digital-Finance-For-All-Executive-summary-September-2016.ashx.
Ministry of Digitization. (2020). Kompetencje cyfrowe. Retrieved 28.10.2020 from https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/kompetencje-cyfrowe.
Montazemi, A.R., & Qahri-Saremi, H. (2015). Factors affecting adoption of online banking: a meta-analytic structural equation modelling study. Information & Management, 52(2), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.11.002.
NetB@nk. (2020). Bankowość internetowa i mobilna, płatności bezgotówkowe. Retrieved 24.09.2020 from https://www.zbp.pl/getmedia/aef02d51-5f69-45bc-9d0b-3637159d14b4/Raport-Netbank_Q1-2020.
Nhat Vuong, B., Thi Hieu, V., & Thi Thuy Trang, N. (2020). An empirical analysis of mobile banking adoption in Vietnam. Gestão E Sociedade, 14(37), 3365–3393. https://doi.org/10.21171/ges.v14i37.3078.
Omotayo, F.O., & Akinyode, T.A. (2020). Digital inclusion and the elderly: the case of internet banking use and non-use among older adults in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Covenant Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.47231/edju4275.
Ozili, P.K. (2018). Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(4), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.12.003.
Ozili, P.K. (2020). Financial inclusion research around the world: a review. Forum for Social Economics, 50(4), 457–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2020.1715238.
Porter, C.E., & Donthu, N. (2006). Using the technology acceptance model to explain how attitudes determine Internet usage: the role of perceived access barriers and demographics. Journal of Business Research, 59(9), 999–1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.06.003.
Ramlugun, V.G., & Issuree, H. (2014). Factors determining mobile banking adoption in Mauritius. International Journal of Innovation Research & Development, 3(1), 193–202.
Ryu, H.S. (2018). Understanding benefit and risk framework of fintech adoption: Comparison of early adopters and late adopters. In Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 3864–3873). https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2018.486.
Savić, J., & Pešterac, A. (2019). Antecedents of mobile banking: UTAUT model. The European Journal of Applied Economics, 16(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.5937/EJAE15-19381.
Shaikh, A.A., & Karjaluoto, H. (2015). Mobile banking adoption: a literature review. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.05.003.
Shen, Y., & Huang, Y. (2016). Introduction to the special issue: Internet finance in China. China Economic Journal, 9(3), 221–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2016.1215058.
Solarz, J.K., Klepacki, J., Waliszewski, K., Trzaskowska-Dmoch, A., & Wojciechowska-Filipek, S. (2018). Całościowa edukacja finansowa: teoria i praktyka. Społeczna Akademia Nauk.
Statistics Poland. (2020). Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych w jednostkach administracji publicznej, przedsiębiorstwach i gospodarstwach domowych w 2019 roku. Retrieved 24.10.2020 from https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/nauka-i-technika-spoleczenstwo-informacyjne/spoleczenstwo-informacyjne/wykorzystanie-technologii-informacyjno-komunikacyjnych-w-jednostkach-administracji-publicznej-przedsiebiorstwach-i-gospodarstwach-domowych-w-2019-roku,3,18.html.
Suchacka, M. (2019). Corporate digital responsibility: new challenges to the social sciences. International Journal of Research in E-learning, 5(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.31261/ijrel.2019.5.1.01.
Sulaiman, A., Jaafar, N.I., & Mohezar, S. (2007). An overview of mobile banking adoption among the urban community. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 5(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMC.2007.011814.
Szopiński, T.S. (2016). Factors affecting the adoption of online banking in Poland. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4763–4768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.027.
Tan, G.W.H., Ooi, K.B., Chong, S.C., & Hew, T.S. (2014). NFC mobile credit card: the next frontier of mobile payment. Telematics and Informatics, 31(2), 292–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2013.06.002.
World Bank. (2014). Digital financial inclusion. Retrieved 14.09.2020 from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialinclusion/publication/digital-financial-inclusion.
World Bank. (2016). Digital dividends. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0671-1.
Wu, J.H., & Wang, S.C. (2005). What drives mobile commerce: an empirical evaluation of the revised technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 42(5), 719–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2004.07.001.
Yiu, C.S., Grant, K., & Edgar, D. (2007). Factors affecting the adoption of internet banking in Hong Kong: implications for the banking sector. International Journal of Information Management, 27(5), 336–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2007.03.002.
Yousafzai, S., & Yani-de-Soriano, M. (2012). Understanding customer-specific factors underpinning internet banking adoption. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30(1), 60–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652321211195703.
Yu, C.S. (2012). Factors affecting individuals to adopt mobile banking: empirical evidence from the UTAUT model. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 13(2), 104–121.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Małgorzata Solarz, Jacek Adamek
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 1878
Number of citations: 0