Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
  • Register
  • Login
  • Menu
  • Home
  • Journal Information
  • Current
  • Archives
  • Editorial Team
  • Fees
  • Ethics and Policies
  • Submission
  • Register
  • Login

Ekonomia i Prawo. Economics and Law

The productivity of performing art organisations versus labor costs
  • Home
  • /
  • The productivity of performing art organisations versus labor costs
  1. Home /
  2. Archives /
  3. Vol. 20 No. 4 (2021) /
  4. Articles

The productivity of performing art organisations versus labor costs

Authors

  • Katarzyna Smolny Wrocław University of Economics and Business https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-8372
  • Małgorzta Gałecka Wrocław University of Economics and Business https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1986-3140

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/EiP.2021.050

Keywords

public sector, art organisations, theatres, culture, productivity

Abstract

Motivation: The study of the problem of “cost disease” contributes to the possibility of creating a model for effective subsidy to cultural institutions operating in the field of performing arts from public funds. The study also forms a part of a broader reflection on the values of culture, the humanism of culture and the economy in general.

Aim: This article is to examine the connection between productivity and labor costs in public theatres in Poland. We investigate what the level of productivity depends on. We check whether it is based on costs or the so-called income gap or another factor. We verify whether costs in PAOs in Poland increase according to the theory of Baumol’s cost disease and whether labor costs are particularly significant in total costs.

Results: Labor costs should be taken into account when subsidizing performing art organizations, as productivity growth depends on having funds to cover labor costs and increasing employment.

References

Austin-Smith, D. (1980). On the impact of revenue subsidies on reporter theatre policy. Journal of Cultural Economics, 4, 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00240641.

Baldin, A., Bille, T., Ellero, A., & Favaretto D. (2018). Revenue and attendance simultaneous optimisation in preforming arts organisations. Journal of Cultural Economics, 42, 677–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-018-9323-7.

Baumol, W.J., & Bowen, W.G. (1966). Performing arts: the economic dilemma: a study of problems common to theater, opera, music, and dance. MIT Press.

Blanco, F., Rodriguez-Alvarez, V., & Wisniewska, A. (2019).Measuring technical efficiency and marginal costs in the performing arts: the case of the municipal theatres of Warsaw. Journal of Cultural Economics, 43, 97–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-018-9330-8.

Buchwald, B. (Ed.). (2016). Teatr w Polsce: dokumentacja sezonu 2014/2015. Retrieved 10.10.2020 from https://encyklopediateatru.pl/ksiazka/702/teatr-w-polsce-2016-dokumentacja-sezonu-20142015.

Dalle Nogare, C., & Bertacchini, E. (2015). Emerging modes of public cultural spending: direct support through production delegation. Poetics, 49, 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2015.02.005.

DiMaggio, P., & Stenberg, K. (1985). Why do some theatres innovate more than others: an empirical analysis. Poetics, 14(1–2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-422X(85)90007-5.

Fazioli, R., & Filippini, M. (1987). Cost structure and product mix of local public theatres. Journal Cultural Economics, 21, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1007341613767.

Felton, M.V. (1994). Evidence of the existence of the cost disease in the performing arts. Journal of Cultural Economics, 18, 301–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01079761.

Gadrey, J. (2002). The misuse of productivity concepts in services: lessons from a comparison between France and the United States. In J. Gadrey, & F. Gallouj (Eds.), Productivity, innovation and knowledge in services (pp. 26–53). Edward Elgar.

Gałecka, M., & Smolny, K. (2017). Financing rules of the activity of cultural institutions in the context of economic efficiency. Ekonomia i Prawo. Economics and Law, 16(4), 387–399. https://doi.org/10.12775/eip.2017.027.

Gałecka, M., & Smolny, K. (2019). Criteria for the optimal financing model of public theatres. Review of Economic Perspectives, 19(2), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2019-0007.

Gilhespy, I. (1999). Measuring the performance of cultural organisations: a model. International Journal of Arts Management, 2(1), 38–52.

Hansmann, H. (1986). Nonprofit enterprise in the arts: studies in mission and constraint. Oxford University Press.

Heilbrun, J. (2011). Baumol’s cost disease. In R. Towse (Ed.), A handbook of cultural economics (2nd edition) (pp. 67–75). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857930576.00016.

Last, A.K., & Wetzel, H. (2010). The efficiency of German public theaters: a stochastic frontier analysis approach. Journal of Cultural Economics, 34, 89–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-009-9111-5.

Last, A.K., & Wetzel, H. (2011). Baumol’s cost disease, efficiency, and productivity in the performing arts: an analysis of German public theaters. Journal of Cultural Economics, 35(3), 185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-011-9143-5.

Mituś, A. (2019). Tworzenie i funkcjonowanie państwowych i samorządowych instytucji kultury. In Vademecum dyrektora instytucji kultury (pp. 3–19). C.H. Beck.

Musgrave, R. (1959). The theory of public finance: a study in public economy. McGraw Hill.

Netzer, D. (1978). The subsidised muse: public support for the arts in the United State. Cambridge University Press.

Nierenberg, B. (2009). Economic premises of culture management. Culture Management, 2(2), 20–24.

O’Hagan, J., & Neligan, A. (2005). State subsidies and repertoire conventionality in the non-profit English theatre sector: an econometric analysis. Journal of Cultural Economics, 29, 35–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-005-8132-y.

Płoski, P. (2009). Przemiany organizacyjne teatru w Polsce w latach 1989–2009. Retrieved 01.10.2020 from http://www.kongreskultury.pl/library/File/RaportTeatr/teatr_raport_w.pelna(1).pdf.

Schulze, G.G (2011) International trade. In R. Towse (Ed.), A handbook of cultural economics (2nd edition) (pp. 236–244). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857930576.00039.

Snowball, D. (2008). Measuring the value of culture: methods and examples in cultural economics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74360-6.

Thorsby, D. (1994) The production and consumption of the arts: a view of cultural economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 32(1), 1–29.

Thorsby, D. (2010). The economics of cultural policy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511845253.

Thorsby, D., & Withers, G.A. (1979). The economics of the performing arts. Edward Arnold.

Trupiano, G. (2005) Financing the culture in Italy. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 6(4), 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2005.04.004.

Trzeciak, H. (2011). Ekonomiczne determinanty poziomu działalności artystycznej teatrów dramatycznych w Polsce. Retrieved 01.10.2020 from https://www.nck.pl/upload/archiwum_kw_files/artykuly/hanna_trzeciak_-_ekonomiczne_determinanty_poziomu_dzialalnosci_artystycznej_teatrow_dramatycznych_w_polsce.pdf.

Ustawa z dnia 25 października 1991 r. o organizowaniu i prowadzeniu działalności kulturalnej [Act of October 25, 1991 on organizing and running cultural activities] (Dz.U. 1991 nr 114 poz. 493) (Poland).

Zimnica-Kuzioła, E. (2017). Polityka teatralna w Polsce po transformacji ustrojowej. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio L: Artes, 15(2), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.17951/l.2017.15.2.111.

Ekonomia i Prawo. Economics and Law

Downloads

  • PDF

Published

2021-12-31

How to Cite

1.
SMOLNY, Katarzyna and GAŁECKA, Małgorzta. The productivity of performing art organisations versus labor costs. Ekonomia i Prawo. Economics and Law. Online. 31 December 2021. Vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 847-860. [Accessed 7 July 2025]. DOI 10.12775/EiP.2021.050.
  • ISO 690
  • ACM
  • ACS
  • APA
  • ABNT
  • Chicago
  • Harvard
  • IEEE
  • MLA
  • Turabian
  • Vancouver
Download Citation
  • Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  • BibTeX

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 4 (2021)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Katarzyna Smolny, Małgorzta Gałecka

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Stats

Number of views and downloads: 870
Number of citations: 0

Search

Search

Browse

  • Browse Author Index
  • Issue archive

Information

  • For Readers
  • For Authors
  • For Librarians

User

User

Contact

Principal Contact
Piotr Wiśniewski
psw@umk.pl
Support Contact
Grzegorz Kopcewicz
Phone (56) 611 26 93
greg@umk.pl

cross_check

The journal content is indexed in CrossCheck, the CrossRef initiative to prevent scholarly and professional plagiarism

Up

Akademicka Platforma Czasopism

Najlepsze czasopisma naukowe i akademickie w jednym miejscu

apcz.umk.pl

Partners

  • Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
  • Akademickie Towarzystwo Andragogiczne
  • Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
  • Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk
  • Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN
  • Instytut Tomistyczny
  • Karmelitański Instytut Duchowości w Krakowie
  • Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego
  • Państwowa Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Krośnie
  • Państwowa Akademia Nauk Stosowanych we Włocławku
  • Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Stanisława Pigonia w Krośnie
  • Polska Fundacja Przemysłu Kosmicznego
  • Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne
  • Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze
  • Towarzystwo Miłośników Torunia
  • Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
  • Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  • Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
  • Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika
  • Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
  • Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna - Książnica Kopernikańska
  • Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Pelplinie / Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne „Bernardinum" w Pelplinie
Ekonomia i Prawo. Economics and Law
Katedra Ekonomii 
Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania 
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu 
ul. Gagarina 13A 
87-100 Toruń

Principal Contact

Piotr Wiśniewski
psw@umk.pl

Support Contact

Grzegorz Kopcewicz
Phone (56) 611 26 93
greg@umk.pl

© 2021- Nicolaus Copernicus University Accessibility statement Shop