The Isolationist Downfall with the Establishment of the Truman Doctrine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/CJPS.2023/2024.004Słowa kluczowe
isolationists, Truman Doctrine, US foreign policyAbstrakt
The advent of the Truman Doctrine in 1947 was a historical moment in US foreign policy, which brought a significant change of approach from traditional isolationism to internationalism. Those who vehemently opposed this unprecedented policy were congressional isolationists. The article analyzes how and why the isolationists’ policy was abandoned after the Truman Doctrine was established. It can be stated that the downfall of isolationists was a process determined by the international actions of the USSR and the US’ reaction. The main reason the isolationists changed their view was, on the one hand, the Truman administration’s anti-Soviet policy, and on the other, a compromise approach of government administration to budget expenditures on support to the different countries, tailored to isolationists’ preference. The paper is focused on almost two years of the early Truman’s presidency until the signing of the Truman Doctrine (1945-1947). The primary method of research is content analysis and process tracing.
Bibliografia
Bilsland, J. (2015). The President, the State, and the Cold War: Comparing the foreign policies of Truman and Reagan. London: Routledge.
Braumoeller, B. F. (2010). The myth of American isolationism. Foreign Policy Analysis, 6(4), 349-371.
Brinkley, D. (Ed.). (1993). Dean Acheson and the making of US foreign policy. Houndmills & London: Macmillan.
Cole, W. S. (1983). Roosevelt and the Isolationists, 1932-1945. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Cole, W. (2016) America first ¬ The battle against intervention 1940-1941. London: Read Books Ltd.
Copeland, L., Lamm, L. W., & McKenna, S. J. (Eds.). (2012). The World’s Great Speeches: Fourth Enlarged (1999) Edition. Massachusetts: Courier Corporation.
Doenecke, J. D. (1979). Not to the Swift: The Old Isolationists in the Cold War Era. New Jersey: Associated University Press.
Doenecke, J. D. (2013) In Danger Undaunted: The Anti-Interventionist Movement of 1940–1941 as Revealed in the Papers of the America First Commit. California: Hoover Press.
Dueck, C. (2010). Hard line: The republican party and US foreign policy since World War II. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Easton, D. (1965). A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: John Willey & Sons, Inc.
Edwards, L. (2020). The Political Thought of Robert A. Taft. Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/conservatism/report/the-political-thought-robert-taft.
Finer, S. E. (2002). The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics. London: Routledge.
Frazier, R. (2009). Kennan,“universalism,” and the Truman doctrine. Journal of Cold War Studies. 11(2), 3-34.
Griffin, W. R. (1968). Louis Ludlow and the War Referendum Crusade, 1935-1941. The Indiana Magazine of History, 64(4), 267-288.
Jonas, M. (1969). Isolationism in America, 1935-1941. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Kaplan, L. S. (1993). Journal of the Early Republic. The Monroe Doctrine and the Truman Doctrine: The Case of Greece. 13(1), 1-21.
Kaplan, L. S. (2015). The Conversion of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg: From Isolation to International Engagement. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.
Kauffman, B. (2016) America First!: Its History, Culture, and Politics. New York: Prometheus Books.
Kennan, G. (1946). The long telegram. In: K. M. Jensen (Ed.), Origins of the Cold War. The Novikov, Kennan, and Roberts “Long Telegrams” of 1946 (pp. 19-31). Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Kennedy, R. A. (2002). The Ideology of American Isolationism, 1931-1939. Cercles 5, 57-76
Kupchan, C. A. (2020). Isolationism: A History of America’s Efforts to Shield Itself from the World. New York: Oxford University Press, USA.
Kurian, G. T. (2011). The Encyclopedia of Political Science, Washington: DC: CQ Press.
Marx, K. (2012). Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite [M/CD]. Illinois: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Matthews, G. (1982). Journal of Contemporary History. Robert A. Taft, The Constitution and American Foreign Policy, 1939-53. 17(3), 507-522.
May, E. R. (1973). “Lessons” of the past: the use and misuse of history in American foreign policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Merrill, D. (2006). Presidential Studies Quarterly. The Truman doctrine: containing communism and modernity. 36(1), 27-37.
Nash, G. H. (2013). Freedom Betrayed: Herbert Hoover's Secret History of the Second World War and Its Aftermath. Washington, DC: Hoover Institution Press.
Perlikowski, L., & Bates, C. A. (2022). The Coercion–Extraction Cycle and the Paradox of Stability. Polish Political Science Review, 10(1), 1-20.
Powaski, R. E. (2017). American presidential statecraft: From isolationism to internationalism. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rose, K. D. (2021) American Isolationism Between the World Wars. 1st ed. London: Routledge.
Sarles, R. (2003). A story of America first: The men and women who opposed US Intervention in World War II. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Schacht, J.N. (Ed. ) (1981) Three Faces of Midwestern Isolationism: Gerald P. Nye, Robert E. Wood, John L. Lewis. Iowa: Center for the Study of the Recent History of the United States.
Stenehjem, M. F., & Gerber, M. S. (1976). An American First: John T. Flynn and the America First Committee. New York: Crown.
Smuckler, R. H. (1953). The Region of Isolationism. The American Political Science Review, 47(2), 386-401. https://doi.org/10.2307/1952029.
Teller, J. L. (1968). Strangers and Natives: The Evolution of the American Jew Since 1921. New York: Delacorte Press.
Wunderlin, C. E. (2005). Robert A. Taft: Ideas, tradition, and party in US foreign policy. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Tadahiro Yamada

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Statystyki
Liczba wyświetleń i pobrań: 38
Liczba cytowań: 0