BIOMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE ARCTIC DURING THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR, 1882–1883
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/2328Keywords
Arctic, First International Polar Year, biometeorological conditionsAbstract
The article provides an initial description of the biometeorological conditions in the Arctic during the first International Polar Year (IPY 1) of 1882–1883. The study is based on hourly measurements taken from nine stations which represent most of the climatic regions in the Arctic. The diversity of biometeorological conditions was analysed in relation to the height above sea level, the distance from the sea and the character of the ground. The analysis made use of such biometeorological indices as wind chill index (WCI), predicted insulation of clothing (Iclp) and the cooling power of the air (H). A considerable spatial diversity of the biometeorological conditions was found during the period investigated. The least favourable thermal sensations occurred at the Sagastyr station, and the most favourable conditions were observed at Kapp Thordsen.
References
Araźny A., 2006, Variability of the predicted insulation index of clothing in the Norwegian Arctic for the period 1971–2000, Polish Polar Res., 27(4), 341–357.
Araźny A., 2008, Bioklimat Arktyki Norweskiej i jego zmienność w okresie 1971–2000, Wyd. UMK, Toruń, 215 pp.
Baker F.W.G., 2009, The first International Polar Year (1882–1883): French measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere at Bahia Orange, Hoste Island, Tierra del Fuego, Polar Record, 45: 265–268, DOI:10.1017/S0032247408008176.
Błażejczyk K., Błażejczyk M., 2009, BioKlima©2.6, software package, www.igipz.pan.pl/ geoekoklimat/blaz/bioklima.htm.
Burton A. C ., Edholm O. G., 1955, Man in a cold environment, E. Arnold Publ., London, 333 pp.
Ekholm N.G., 1890, Observations faites au Cap Thorsden, Spitzberg, par l’expédition suédoise, Stockholm: Kongl. Boktryckeriet. P.A. Norstedt & Söner, Tome I: 3, Observations Météorogiques.
Gagge A. P., Burton A. C ., Bazett H. C ., 1941, A practical system of units for the description of heat exchange of man with his environment, Science, 94, 428–430.
Glickman T.S. (ed.), 2000, Glossary of meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 855 pp.
Greely A.W., 1886, Report on the Proceedings of the United States expedition to Lady Franklin Bay, Grinnell Land. Washington. D.C., Government Printing Office, 2 vols.
Kozłowska-Szczęsna T., Błażejczyk K., Krawczyk B., 1997, Human bioclimatology, Methods and applications, Wyd. IGiPZ PAN, Monografie 1, Warszawa, 200 pp.
Lenz R. (ed.), 1886a, Beobachtungen der Russischen Polarstation an der Lenamündung, Expedition der Kaiserl, Russischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, II. Theil, Meteorologische Beobachtungen bearbeitet von A. Eigner.
Lenz R. (ed.), 1886b, Beobachtungen der Russischen Polarstation auf Nowaya Semlja, Expedition der Kaiserl, Russischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, II. Theil, Meteorologische Beobachtungen bearbeitet von K. Andrejeff.
Lüdecke C., 2007, Über die Globale Vereilung von Luftdruck und Temperatur am Beispiel des 1, Internationalen Polarjahres 1882/1883, Hamburg: http:// meetings.copernicus.org/ dach2007/download/ DACH2007_A_00400. pdf.
Newitt L.R., Dawson E., 1984, Magnetic Observations at International Polar Stations in Canada, Arctic, 37 (3), 255–262.
Neumayer G.B., Börgen C.N.J., 1886, Die Beobachtungs-Ergebnisse der Deutschen Stationen, Berlin, Verlag von A. Asher & Co., Band I. Kingua- Fjord und die meteorologischen Stationen II, Ordnung in Labrador: Hebron, Okak, Nain, Zoar, Hoffenthal, Rama, sowie die magnetischen Observationen in Breslau und Göttingen.
Paulsen A.F.W., 1886, Observations Internationales Polaires 1882–1883, Expédition danoise, Observations faits à Godthaab, L’Institut Météorologique de Danemark, København: Chez G.E.C. Gad, Librarie de L’Université, Tome II, I Météorologie.
Ray P.H., 1885, Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office.
Przybylak R., 2004, Temperatura powietrza w Arktyce w okresie Pierwszego Międzynarodowego Roku Polarnego 1882/83, Polish Polar Stud., XXX Międzynarodowe Sympozjum Polarne, Gdynia, 307–320.
Przybylak R., Panfil M., 2005, Warunki klimatyczne w stacji Sagastyr (ujście Leny) w okresie 1.09.1882–30.06.1884, Polish Polar Stud., XXXI Sympozjum Polarne, Kielce, 143–152.
Przybylak R., Jankowska J., 2009, Ciśnienie atmosferyczne w Euroazjatyckim sektorze Arktyki w okresie 1841–1920, Probl. Klimatol. Pol., 19, 81–98.
Przybylak R., Wyszyński P., 2009, Ciśnienie atmosferyczne w Arktyce w okresie Pierwszego Międzynarodowego Roku Polarnego 1882/83, Probl. Klimatol. Pol.,19, 99–114.
Przybylak R., Vizi Z., Wyszyński P., 2010, Air temperature changes in the Arctic from 1801 to 1920, Int. J. Climatol., 30, 791–812.
Siple P. A., Passel C. F., 1945, Measurements of dry atmospheric cooling in subfreezing temperatures, Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soc., 89(1), 177–199.
Snellen M., Ekama H., 1910, Rapport sur l’Expédition Néerlandaise qui a hiverné dans la Mer de Kara en 1882/83, Utrecht, J. Van Boekhoven.
Treshnikov A. F. (ed.), 1985, Atlas Arktiki, Glavnoye Upravlenye Geodeziy i Kartografiy, Moscow.
Wohlgemuth E.E. Von, 1886, Die österreichische Polarstation Jan Mayen: ausgerüstet durch Seine Escellenz Graf Hanns Wilczek, Beobachtungs- Ergebnisse, Herausgegeben von der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Aus der Kaiserlich-königlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold’s Sohn, 1 III.Theil, 1 Abtheilung Meteorolgie bearbeitet von Adolf Sobieczky.
Wood K., Overland J.E., 2006, Climate lessons from the first International Polar Year, Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 1685–1697, DOI:10.1175/BAMS- 87–12–1685.
Wood K., Streletskiy D.A., 2008, Soil and Permafrost Temperature Data Obtained during the First International Polar Year, 1882–1883, Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost (NICOP), University of Alaska, Fairbanks, June 29-July 3, 2008.
Web Page: www.arctic.noaa.gov/aro/ipy-1.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2010 Andrzej Araźny
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 285
Number of citations: 0
