Logic and Logical Philosophy
Email the author 
The Need for Pluralism of Causality
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/LLP.2016.018
Abstract
It will be shown in this article that a pluralism of causality is needed. Not only, as might be expected, for such different domains as natural sciences and humanities, but even within the domain of physics different causal relations are necessary. This will be illustrated with examples from Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity, Thermodynamics and Quantum Mechanics. In these domains causal relations differ in their properties. A model for five types of causal relations is provided that is based on a decidable 6-valued logic.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aristotle, Metayphysics. The Complete Works of Aristotle, Vol. 2, J. Barnes (ed.), Princeton, 1985.
Barrow, J., and F. Tipler, The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1986.
Bombelli, L., et al., “Space-time as a causal set”, Physical Review Letters, 59 (1987): 521–524.
Dell’Antonio, G.F., “On tracks in a cloud chamber”, Foundations of Physics, 45, 1 (2015): 11–21. DOI: 10.1007/s10701-014-9850-9
Dowe, P., “Wesley Salmon’s process theory of causality and the conserved quantity theory”, Philosophy of Science, 59, 2 (1992): 195–216. DOI: 10.1086/289662
Dowe, P., Physical Causation. Cambridge Studies in Probability Induction and Decision Theory, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2000. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511570650
Dowker, F., “Introduction to causal sets and their phenomenology”, General Relativity and Gravitation, 45, 9 (2013): 1651–1667. DOI: 10.1007/s10714-013-1569-y
Gödel, K., “MAX PHIL X”, transcribed by G. Crocco and E.M. Engelen.
Hausman, D.M., Causal Asymmetries, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1998. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511663710
Hawking, S.W., and G.F.R. Ellis, The Large Scale Structure of Space Time, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1973. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511524646
Hume, D., Enquiry into Human Understanding, L.A. Selby-Bigge (ed.), Oxford Univ. Press, 1902 (1961).
Kant, I., Kritik der reinen Vernunft, Akademie Ausgabe, Berlin, 1905, vols. III and IV.
Kiczuk, S., “The logic of causal propositions”, Logic and Logical Philosophy 23, 4 (2014): 403–448. DOI: 10.12775/LLP.2014.014
Laurikainen, K.V., Beyond the Atom, Springer, Heidelberg, 1988. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73852-4
Leibniz, G.W., Philosophische Schriften, C.I. Gerhardt (ed.), 7 volumes, Berlin, 1875–1890.
Markopoulou, F., “Planck-scale models of the universe”, chapter 24 in J.D. Barrow et al. (eds.), Science and Ultimate Reality, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2004. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511814990.027
Mittelstaedt, P. and P. Weingartner, Laws of Nature, Springer, Heidelberg, 2005.
Moffitt, T.E., et al., “Ein besseres Leben dank früher Selbstbeherrschung”, in Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Dezember, 2014.
Newton, I., Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, F. Cajori (ed.), Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, 1934.
Pearl, J., Causality. Models, Reasoning and Inference, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2000.
Reichenbach, H., The Direction of Time, Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, 1956.
Reid, D.D., “Introduction to causal sets: An alternate view of spacetime structure”, 1999. http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9909075v1
Salmon, W., Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1984.
Salmon, W., “Causality without counterfactuals”, Philosophy of Science, 61 (1994): 297–312.
Schurz, G., and P. Weingartner, “Versimilitude defined by relevant cosequence elements. A new reconstruction of Popper’s original idea”, pages 47–77 in Th. Kuipers (ed.) What is Closer-to-the-Truth?, Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1987.
Schurz, G., and P. Weingartner, “Zwart and Franssen’s impossibility theorem holds for possible world-accounts but not for consequence-accounts to versimilitude”, Synthese, (2010): 415–436.
Skyrms, B., Causal Necessity, Yale Univ. Press, New Haven and London, 1980.
Sorkin, R.D., “First steps with causal sets”, pages 68-90 in R. Cianci et al. (eds.), General Relativity and Gravitational Physics, World Scientific, Singapore, 1991.
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, transl. by Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Christian Classics, Westminster, Maryland, 1948.
Weingartner, P., Basic Questions on Truth, Kluver, Dordrecht, 2000. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4034-8
Weingartner, P., “Applications of logic outside logic and mathematics: Do such applications force us to deviate from classical logic?” pages 53–64 in W. Stelzner (ed.), Zwischen traditioneller und moderner Logik, Mentis, Paderborn, 2001.
Weingartner, P., “Reasons from science for limiting classical logic”, Chapter 15, pages 233—248, in P. Weingartner (ed.), Alternative Logics. Do Sciences Need Them?, Springer, Heidelberg, 2004. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05679-0_15
Weingartner, P., “Matrix-based logic for application in physics”, Review of Symbolic Logic 2 (2009): 132–163. DOI: 10.1017/S1755020309090169
Weingartner, P., “A 6-valued calculus which avoids the paradoxes of deontic logic”, in J.-Y. Beziau et al. (eds.), Conceptual Clarifications. Tributes to Patrick Suppes (1922–2014), College Publications, 2015.
Weingartner, P., and G. Schurz (eds.), Law and Prediction in the Light of Chaos Research, vol. 473 of “Lecture Notes in Physics”, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1996. DOI: 10.1007/BFb0101863
Woodward, J., Making Things Happen, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2003. DOI: 10.1093/0195155270.001.0001
ISSN: 1425-3305 (print version)
ISSN: 2300-9802 (electronic version)