Can the western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) threaten coniferous forests in Poland?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EQ.2021.001Keywords
Leptoglossus occidentalis, invasive alien species, pest, conifersAbstract
This is a review article. It discusses the current state of knowledge of the biology of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) [Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae], direct and indirect damage caused by the pest, the dangers of its rapid expansion and possible biological control. The paper presents new reports of L. occidentalis in Poland (Szczecin, north-west Poland). This pest shows great ecological flexibility, has adapted well to the climatic conditions prevailing in Europe and is spreading rapidly across the continent. The rate of its expansion is also influenced by a wide range of potential host plants that also occur in Poland at natural sites and in artificial afforestations. Due to the type and scale of damage caused by L. occidentalis, its fast reproduction rate and possibly severe losses in forest management, potential feeding grounds of L. occidentalis, such as forests in which coniferous seeds are sourced and forest nurseries, should be monitored and protected. This insect may also pose a threat to protected plant communities, for example the coastal crowberry coniferous forest (Empetro nigri-Pinetum Wojt. 1964) occurring only in north-western Poland, lichen Scots pine forest (Cladonio-Pinetum Juraszek 1927) or marshy pine forests (Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Kleist 1929). Two biological agents: the egg parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and entomopathogenic fungi, are currently used in biological control against this pest in Europe.References
Altizer S., Harvell D. & Friedle E., 2003, Rapid evolutionary dynamics and disease threats to biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18(11): 589–596. http://altizerlab.uga.edu/Publications/PDFs/AltizerTREEreview%20Oct03.pdf
Barta M., 2009, New facts about distribution and host spectrum of the invasive Nearctic conifer pest, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in south-western Slovakia. Journal of Forestry 55(2): 139–143.
Barta M., 2010a, Preliminary evaluation of insect-pathogenic Hypocreales against Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in laboratory conditions. Folia Oecologica 37(2): 137–143.
Barta M., 2010b, Pathogenicity assessment of entomopathogenic fungi infecting Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae). Czech Mycology 62(1): 67–78.
Barta M., 2016, Biology and temperature requirements of the invasive seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Europe. Journal of Pest Science 89: 31–44.
Bates S.L., Lait C.G., Borden J.H. & Kermode A.R., 2001, Effect of feeding by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, on the major storage reserves of developing seeds and on seedling vigor of Douglas-fir. Tree Physiology 21: 481–487.
Blatt S.E., 1994, An unusually large aggregation of the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), in a man-made structure. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 9: 71–72.
Blatt S.E. & Border J.H., 1996, Distribution and impact of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in seed orchards in British Columbia. The Canadian Entomologist 128: 1065–1076.
CBD, 2009a, What are Invasive Alien Species? http://www.cbd.int/idb/2009/about/what/
CBD, 2009b, Invasive Alien Species: a threat to biodiversity. http://www.cbd.int/doc/bioday/2009/idb-2009-booklet-en.pdf.
Connely A.E. & Schowalter T.D., 1991, Seed losses to feeding by Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) during two periods of second year cone development in Western White Pine. Journal of Economic Entomology 84: 215–217.
Czerepko J., 2011, Długookresowe zmiany roślinności w zespole sosnowego boru bagiennego Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Kleist 1929 [Long-term changes in vegetation in the swamp pine forest Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum Kleist 1929]. Forest Research Papers 72(1): 21–29.
Dosoulier F., Lupoli R., Aberlenc H.P. & Stereito J.C., 2007, L’ invasion orientale de Leptoglossus occidentalis en France: bilan de son extension biogeographique en 2007 (Hemiptera Coreidae). L’ Entomologiste 63 (6): 303–308.
Farinha A.C.O., Silva J.E.P., Correia A.C., Sousa E.M.R., Roques A. & Branco M., 2018, Is Leptoglossus occidentalis entirely responsible for the high damage observed on cones and seeds of Pinus pinea? Results from a fertirrigation trial in Portugal. Forest Ecology and Management 429: 198–206.
Fent M. & Kment P., 2011, First record of the invasive western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7: 72–80. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228493133.
FGC, Forest Genetics Council of British Columbia, [n. d.], Western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis). Cone and Seed Insect Pest Leaflet No. 4, British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, Tree Improvement Branch, Saanichton, BC: 1–9. http://www.fgcouncil.bc.ca/PM-Factsheet04-Leptoglossus-occidentalis.pdf
Gall W.K., 1992, Further eastern range extension and host records for Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae): well-documented dispersal of a household nuisance. Great Lakes Entomologist 25: 159–171.
Gapon D.A., 2013, First Records of the Western Conifer Seed Bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heid. (Heteroptera, Coreidae) from Russia and Ukraine, Regularities in Its Distribution and Possibilities of Its Range Expansion in the Palaearctic Region. Entomological Review 93 (2): 174–181.
Gierlasiński G. & Taszakowski A., 2013-2019, Pluskwiaki różnoskrzydłe (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Polski [Polish Heteroptera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)]. http://www.heteroptera.us.edu.pl
Głowaciński Z., Okarma H., Pawłowski J. & Solarz W. [eds], 2011, Gatunki obce w faunie Polski. Tom I. Przegląd i ocena stanu [Alien species in the fauna of Poland. Volume I. Review and assessment of the state]. Wyd. Instytutu Ochrony Przyrody PAN w Krakowie. www.iop.krakow.pl/gatunkiobce
Głowacka B. [ed.], 2013, Metodyka integrowanej ochrony drzewostanów iglastych [Methodology of integrated protection of coniferous stands]. Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa w Sękowinie, 120 pp.
Gwardjan M., 2017, Stwierdzenie wtyka amerykańskiego Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) w Górach Świętokrzyskich [Confirmation of the presence of western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) in the Świętokrzyskie Mountain]. Naturalia 5: 145–146.
Hebda G., Dziabaszewski A. & Kupczyk M., 2010, Nowe stanowiska wtyka amerykańskiego Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) w Polsce [New positions of western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Poland]. Heteroptera Poloniae, Acta Faunistica 2: 15–18.
Hizal R., 2012, Two Invasive Alien Insect Species, Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Cydalima Perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and Their Distribution and host plants in Istanbul Province, Turkey. Florida Entomologist 95 (2): 344–349.
Hizal R. & Inan M., 2012, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910) is an invasive insect species. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 14 (21): 56–61.
Holly M., 2012, Inwazyjny wtyk amerykański Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) – pierwsze stwierdzenie w Bieszczadzkim Parku Narodowym [Invasive western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) – first statement in the Bieszczady National Park]. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie 20: 384–387.
Hudson P. & Greenman J., 1998, Competition medicate by parasites: biological and theoretical progress. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13(1): 387–390.
Kegley S., 2019, Northern Region Cone and Seed Insect Handbook. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service State and Private Forestry Forest Health Protection Northern Region (Region 1). https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd582043.pdf
Kenis M., 2008, Ecological effects of invasive alien insects. Biological Invasions 11(1): 21–45. doi: 10.1007/s10530-008-9318-y
Kment P. & Baňař P., 2008, Additional records of the invasive Nearctic bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Croatia. Natura Croatica 17: 141–147.
Koerber T.W., 1963, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera, Coreidae), a newly discovered pest of coniferous seed. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 56(2): 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/56.2.229
Kowalczyk J.K. & Senn P., 2016, Nowe stanowisko wtyka amerykańskiego Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) w północnej Polsce [New position of western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) in northern Poland]. Heteroptera Poloniae, Acta Faunistica 10: 1–2.
Kulijer D., Dautbašić M., Hrašovec B., Vesnić A., Šarić S. & Mujezinović O., 2017, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Bosnia. Šumarski list 11–12: 577–582. doi: 10.31298/sl.141.11-12.5
Kwaśna H. & Łakomy P., 2011, Therrya fuckelii and other fungi on stems and branches of Pinus sylvestris following lightning damage. Acta Mycologica 46(1): 109–114.
Lesieur V., Lombaert E., Guillemaud T., Courtial B., Strong W., A. Roques A. & Auger-Rozenberg M.-A., 2018, The rapid spread of Leptoglossus occidentalis in Europe: a bridgehead invasion. Journal of Pest Science 92: 189–200.
Lesieur V., Yart A., Guilbon S., Lorme P., Auger-Rozenberg M-A. & Roques A., 2014, The invasive Leptoglossus seed bug, a threat for commercial seed crops, but for conifer diversity? Biological Invasions 16(9): 1833–1849.
Linser S. & Wolfslehner B., 2015, Meeting the Goals for European Forests and the European 2020 Targets for Forests – Report on the mid-term evaluation of the goals for European forests and the European 2020 targets for forests 2015. Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe Forest Europe Liaison Unit Madrid. Madrid, Spain. https://foresteurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/MID-TERM-EvaluatG2020T-2015.pdf
Lipa J.J., 2004, Obce gatunki inwazyjne zagrożeniem dla entomofauny Europy i Polski [Alien invasive species as a threat to European and Polish entomofauna]. Wiadomości Entomologiczne 23 Suplement 2: 89–98.
Lis J.A., Lis B. & Gubernator J., 2008, Will the invasive western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus oc¬cidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae), seize all of Europe? Zootaxa 1740: 66–68.
Luchi N., Mancini V., Feducci M., Santini A. & Capretti P., 2011, Leptoglossus occidentalis and Diplodia pinea: a New Insect–Fungus Association in Mediterranean Forests. Forest Pathology 42(3): 246–251, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00750.x
Manchester S.J. & Bullock J. M., 2000, The impacts of non-native species on UK biodiversity and the effectiveness of control. Journal of Applied Ecology 35(5): 845–864. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00538.x/full
Matuszkiewicz J.M., 2001, Zespoły leśne Polski [Forest complexes in Poland]. PWN, Warszawa, 378 pp.
McPherson J.E., Packauskas R.J., Taylor S.J. & O’Brien M.F., 1990, Eastern range extension of Leptoglossus occidentalis with a key to Leptoglossus species of America North of Mexico (Heteroptera: Coreidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 23(2): 99–104.
Mjøs A.T., Nielsen T.R. & Ødegaard F., 2010, The Western Conifer Seed Bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910) (Hemiptera, Coreidae) found in SW Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 57: 20–22.
Nature Conservation Act of 16 April 2004 (with later amendments). Journal of Laws of 2009, No 151, item 1220 [Ustawa o ochronie przyrody z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. (z późniejszymi zmianami). Dziennik Ustaw z 2009 r. Nr 151, poz. 1220].
Petrakis P.V., 2011, First record of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Greece. Entomologia Hellenica 20: 83–93.
Pimpão M., Valdiviesso T., Trindade C.S., Naves P. & Sousa E., 2017, Leptoglossus occidentalis damages on stone pine female reproductive structures. Options Méditerranéennes A 122: 85–89.
Protić L., 2008, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Serbia. Acta Entomologica Serbica 13: 81–84.
Rice R.E., Uyemoto J.K., Ogawa J.M. & Pemberton W.M., 1985, New findings on pistachio problems. California Agriculture 39: 15–18.
Roques A., Auger-Rozenberg M-A., Blackburn T.M., Garnas J., Pyšek P., Rabitsch W., Richardson D.M., Wingfeld M.J., Liebhold A.M. & Duncan R.P., 2016, Temporal and interspecific variation in rates of spread for insect species invading Europe during the last 200 years. Biological Invasions 18: 907–920.
Roversi P.F., Strong W.B., Caleca V., Maltese M., Sabbatini Peverieri G., Marianelli L., Marziali L. & Strangi A., 2011, Introduction into Italy of Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead), an egg parasitoid of the alien invasive bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO 41: 72–75.
Rumine P. & Barzanti G.P., 2008, Controllo microbiologico della “cimice delle conifere”: prove preliminari di laboratorio. Giornate Fitopatologiche 1: 307–308.
Sabbatini Peverieri G., Furlan P., Benassai D., Caradonna S., Strong W.B. & Roversi P.F., 2013, Host Egg Age of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera, Coreidae) and Parasitism by Gryon pennsylvanicum (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae). Journal of Economic Entomology 106(2): 633–640.
Sabbatini Peverieri G., Furlan P., Simoni S., Strong W.B. & Roversi P.F., 2012, Laboratory evaluation of Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) as a biological control agent of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera, Coreidae). Biological Control 61: 104–111.
Santini A., Pepori A., Ghelardini L. & Capretti P., 2008, Persistence of some pine pathogens in coarse woody debris and cones in a Pinus pinea forest. Forest Ecology and Management 256: 502–506.
Seebens H., Blackburn T.M., Dyer E.E., Genovesi P., Hulme P.E., Jeschke J.M., Pagad S., Pyšek P., Winter M. & Arianoutsou M., 2017, No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications 8: 14435.
Stachak A., Kubus M., Nowak G. & Nowakowska M., 2009, Współczesne Puszcze – Wkrzańska, Bukowa i Goleniowska oraz ich otoczenie, [in:] Leśny Kompleks Promocyjny Puszcze Szczecińskie. Krajobrazy leśne i otwartej przestrzeni [Modern primeval forests - Wkrzańska, Bukowa and Goleniowska and their surroundings [in:] Promotional Forest Complex in the Szczecin Forest. Landscapes forest and open space], A. Stachak, M. Zachaś (eds). Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasów Państwowych w Szczecinie, Szczecin: 25–127.
Strong W., 2016, Lodgepole pine seedset increase by mesh bagging is due to Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) exclusion. The Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 112: 3–18.
Swart W.J. & Wingfield M.J., 1991, Biology and control of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Pinus species in South Africa. Plant Diseases 75(8): 761–766.
Tamburini M., Maresi G., Salvadori C., Battisti A., Zottele F. & Pedrazzoli F., 2012, Adaptation of the invasive western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis to Trentino, an alpine region (Italy). Bulletin of Insectology 65(2): 161–170.
Werner D.J., 2011, Die amerikanische Koniferen-Samen-Wanze Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) als Neozoon in Europa und in Deutschland: Ausbreitung und Biologie. Entomology Heute 23: 31–68.
Zając K., 2013, Pierwsze stwierdzenie wtyka amerykańskiego Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) w Sudetach [The first statement of the western conifer seed bug Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Sudety]. Przyroda Sudetów 16: 115–118.
Zaniewski P.T, Siedlecki Ł. & Ciurzycki W., 2016, Zanikanie borów chrobotkowych (Cladonio-Pinetum Juraszek 1927) w Puszczy Kampinoskiej [The disappearance of coniferous forest Cladonio-Pinetum (Juraszek 1927) in the Kampinos Forest], [in:] Botanika – tradycja i nowoczesność. Streszczenia referatów i plakatów [Botany – tradition and modernity. Abstracts of papers and posters], E. Szczuka, G. Szymczak, M. Śmigała, R. Marciniec (eds), 57. Congress of the Polish Botanical Society, Lublin, p. 208.
Zwolinski J.B., Swart W.J. & Wingfield M.J., 1990, Economic impact of the post-hail outbreak of dieback induced by Sphaeropsis sapinea. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20: 405–411.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 903
Number of citations: 0
