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Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis

Role of partial functionals in the study of variational systems
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Role of partial functionals in the study of variational systems

Authors

  • Andrei Stan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-4119

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/TMNA.2024.033

Keywords

Variational method, Stokes system, mountain pass geometry

Abstract

Applying techniques originally developed for systems lacking a variational structure, we establish conditions for the existence of solutions in systems that possess this property but their energy functional is unbounded both above and below. We show that, in general, our conditions differ from those in the classical mountain pass approach by Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz when dealing with systems of this type. Our theory is put into practice in the context of a coupled system of Stokes equations with reaction terms, where we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution. The systems under study are intermediary between gradient-type systems and Hamiltonian systems.

References

A. Ambrosetti and P.H. Rabinowitz, Dual variational methods in critical point theory and applications, J. Funct. Anal. 14 (1973), 349–381.

I. Benedetti, T. Cardinali and R. Precup, Fixed point-critical point hybrid theorems and application to systems with partial variational structure, J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 23 (2021), 63.

A. Berman and R.J. Plemmons, Nonnegative Matrices in the Mathematical Sciences, Academic Press, Philadelphia, 1979.

O. Bolojan and R. Precup, Semilinear evolution systems with nonlinear constraints, Fixed Point Theory 17 (2016), 275–288.

D. Brumar, A fixed point approach to the semi-linear Stokes problem, Studia Univ. Babeş–Bolyai Math. 68 (2023), no. 3, 563–572.

D.G. De Figueiredo, Lectures on the Ekeland Variational Principle with Applications and Detours, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, 1989.

G.P. Galdi, An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of the Navier–Stokes Equations. Steady-State Problems, 2nd edition, Springer, New York, 2011.

V. Girault and P.A. Raviart, Finite Element Methods for Navier–Stokes Equations, Springer, Berlin, 1986.

M. Kohr and R. Precup, Analysis of Navier–Stokes models for flows in bidisperse porous media, J. Math. Fluid Mech. 25 (2023), 38.

R. Precup, The role of matrices that are convergent to zero in the study of semilinear operator systems, Math. Comput. Model. Dyn. Syst. 49 (2009), 703–708.

R. Precup, Nash-type equilibria and periodic solutions to nonvariational systems, Adv. Nonlinear Anal. 3 (2014), 197–207.

R. Precup and A. Stan, Linking methods for componentwise variational systems, Results Math. 78 (2023), 246.

H. Sohr, The Navier–Stokes Equations: An Elementary Functional Analytic Approach, Springer Basel, Basel, 2001.

A. Stan, Nonlinear systems with a partial Nash type equilibrium, Studia Univ. Babeş–Bolyai Math. 66 (2021), 397–408.

A. Stan, Nash equilibria for componentwise variational systems, J. Nonlinear Funct. Anal. 6 (2023).

R. Teman (ed.), Navier–Stokes Equations. Theory and Numerical Analysis, AMS Chelsea Publishing, American Mathematical Society, UK edition, 2001.

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Published

2025-02-14

How to Cite

1.
STAN, Andrei. Role of partial functionals in the study of variational systems. Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis. Online. 14 February 2025. Vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 383 - 399. [Accessed 28 June 2025]. DOI 10.12775/TMNA.2024.033.
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Issue

Vol 65, No 1 (March 2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Andrei Stan

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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