Evolution of Pharmacotherapy for Hypercholesterolemia: Efficacy and Adverse Effect Profile from Bile acid sequestrants to Modern Molecular Therapies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.56.72468Keywords
Hypercholesterolemia, LDL, Statin, siRNA, EvinacumabAbstract
Dyslipidemia, particularly elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing LDL- C levels, with particular emphasis on modern molecular therapies [1]. Mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism are discussed, including the role of the LDL-LDLR-PCSK9 axis [2]. Classical treatment methods, such as bile acid sequestrants, statins, and ezetimibe, as well as newer therapeutic options, including bempedoic acid, PCSK9 inhibitors, and siRNA-based therapies, are presented. Future directions in pharmacotherapy, such as CETP inhibitors, evinacumab, and gene therapies using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, are also addressed. Modern treatment strategies enable significant reduction of LDL-C levels and a more precise therapeutic approach. Their use aligns with the development of personalized medicine, although further evaluation of long-term safety is required [3,4].
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sebastian Kozłowski, Marta Zdunek, Maciej Stodulski, Anna Bulicz, Izabela Kasprzycka, Monika Kukla, Olga Kowalczyk, Joanna Dziarnowska, Justyna Fiks, Izabela Kmiecik
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