Innovations in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: Integration of Targeted Therapies and Comprehensive Care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.56.72384Keywords
atopic dermatitis, dupilumab, tralokinumab, JAK inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, biologic treatment, holistic treatmentAbstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis involving epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, microbiome imbalance, and environmental and psychosocial factors. Recent advances have led to the development of targeted therapies that have significantly improved disease management, particularly in moderate-to-severe AD. Biologic agents and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors effectively modulate key immune pathways, while topical calcineurin inhibitors remain important steroid-sparing options.
Emerging microbiome-based therapies and holistic approaches further expand therapeutic possibilities by addressing additional disease mechanisms and contributing factors. Despite these advances, challenges such as cost, accessibility, and the need for long-term safety data persist, highlighting the importance of personalized and integrated treatment strategies.
References
1. Afshari, Moeina, et al. “Unraveling the Skin; a Comprehensive Review of Atopic Dermatitis, Current Understanding, and Approaches.” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 15, 4 Mar. 2024, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361005
2. Sroka-Tomaszewska, Jowita, and Magdalena Trzeciak. “Molecular Mechanisms of Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 8, 16 Apr. 2021, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8074061/, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084130
3. Kolb, Logan, and Sarah J. Ferrer-Bruker. “Atopic Dermatitis.” PubMed, StatPearls Publishing, 2023, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448071/.
4. Elahi, Narges, et al. “Atopic Dermatitis Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Conventional and Novel Bioengineered Approaches.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 282, 6 Nov. 2024, pp. 137083–137083, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137083. Accessed 18 Nov. 2024.
5. Tanei, Ryoji. “Atopic Dermatitis in Older Adults: A Review of Treatment Options.” Drugs & Aging, vol. 37, no. 3, 21 Feb. 2020, pp. 149–160, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-020-00750-5
6. Butala, Sneha, et al. “Biologic versus Small Molecule Therapy for Treating Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Clinical Considerations.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice/the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice, vol. 11, no. 5, 1 May 2023, pp. 1361–1373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2023.03.011
7. Klasa, Barbara, and Ewa Cichocka-Jarosz. “Atopic Dermatitis - Current State of Research on Biological Treatment.” Journal of Mother and Child, vol. 24, no. 1, 2020, pp. 53–66, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8518108/, https://doi.org/10.34763/jmotherandchild.2020241.2003.0000010. Accessed 15 May 2022.
8. “Checking Your Browser - ReCAPTCHA.” Nih.gov, 2024, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11942799/. Accessed 25 Apr. 2026.
9. Chovatiya, Raj, and Amy S. Paller. “JAK Inhibitors in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 148, no. 4, Oct. 2021, pp. 927–940, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.009
10. Huang, I-Hsin, et al. “JAK–STAT Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis: An Updated Review.” Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 13, 8 Dec. 2022, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1068260
11. “View of Modern Treatment Methods in Atopic Dermatitis - Literature Overview.” Apcz.umk.pl, 2026, apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/56830/40986. Accessed 25 Apr. 2026.
12. “Checking Your Browser - ReCAPTCHA.” Nih.gov, 2024, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12621215/#sec3. Accessed 25 Apr. 2026.
13. Paller, Amy S., et al. “The Microbiome in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 143, no. 1, Jan. 2019, pp. 26–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015 Accessed 20 Apr. 2021.
14. Koh, Li Fang, et al. “Skin Microbiome of Atopic Dermatitis.” Allergology International, vol. 71, no. 1, Nov. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2021.11.001
15. “Checking Your Browser - ReCAPTCHA.” Nih.gov, 2024, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6157251/#Sec7. Accessed 25 Apr. 2026.
16. Czarnecka-Operacz, Magdalena, and Dorota Jenerowicz. “Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis - an Update on Safety Issues.” JDDG: Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, vol. 10, no. 3, 6 Oct. 2011, pp. 167–172, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2011.07791.x
17. Yosipovitch, Gil, et al. “Integrative Treatment Approaches with Mind–Body Therapies in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis.” Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 13, no. 18, 11 Sept. 2024, pp. 5368–5368, www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/18/5368, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185368 Accessed 15 Sept. 2024.
18. “Checking Your Browser - ReCAPTCHA.” Nih.gov, 2024, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6795799/#Sec10. Accessed 25 Apr. 2026.
19. “Checking Your Browser - ReCAPTCHA.” Nih.gov, 2024, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9947941/#S16. Accessed 25 Apr. 2026.
20. Iannone, Michela, et al. “Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Psoriasis, Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Atopic Dermatitis: The Importance of a Psychodermatological Approach.” Experimental Dermatology, vol. 31, no. 6, 31 Mar. 2022, pp. 956–961, https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.14563.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jagienka Perzynska, Jaśmina Podkościelna, Natalia Kasterka, Weronika Bagińska, Kamila Ryszkowska, Natalia Pawelec, Aleksandra Purska, Kinga Krzyżowska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 29
Number of citations: 0
