The impact of strength training on the prevention of orthopedic injuries in sports: a literature review.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.31.55268Keywords
strength training, orthopedic injury prevention, musculoskeletal stability, sports injuries, injury risk reductionAbstract
Introduction: The perception of physical activity has evolved, influenced by urbanization, media, and public health initiatives. While regular physical activity offers health benefits, musculoskeletal injuries in athletes remain a concern, often going unnoticed due to subtle symptoms. Preventing these injuries is crucial, with strength training (ST) emerging as a strategy to enhance stability and reduce injury risk.
Purpose of the Study: This review examines the impact of strength training on preventing orthopedic injuries in athletes, focusing on mechanisms like muscle strengthening, joint stabilization, improved endurance, and correcting imbalances. It evaluates research on ST's effectiveness in preventing knee, ankle, hip, back, and upper limb injuries.
Methodology: A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was conducted using keywords such as "strength training," "orthopedic injury prevention," "musculoskeletal stability," "injury risk reduction," and "sports injuries."
Results: Strength training plays a key role in preventing sports injuries by enhancing muscle strength, joint stability, and endurance, addressing musculoskeletal weaknesses and imbalances. Studies show ST significantly reduces knee, ankle, hip, and back injuries. For instance, knee injuries are prevented by strengthening the hip abductors and quadriceps, while ankle injuries are mitigated by improving core and lower limb strength. ST also prevents injuries in "overhead sports" by enhancing shoulder stability.
Keywords: strength training, orthopedic injury prevention, musculoskeletal stability, sports injuries, injury risk reduction.
References
References:
Moreno-Llamas A, García-Mayor J, De La Cruz-Sánchez E. Urban–rural differences in perceived environmental opportunities for physical activity: a 2002–2017 time-trend analysis in Europe. Health Promot Int. 2023;38(4):daad087. doi:10.1093/heapro/daad087
Semlitsch T, Jeitler K, Hemkens LG, et al. Increasing Physical Activity for the Treatment of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2013;43(10):1009-1023. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0065-6
Oja P, Titze S, Kokko S, et al. Health benefits of different sport disciplines for adults: systematic review of observational and intervention studies with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(7):434-440. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093885
de Sire A. Sports-related musculoskeletal injuries: From diagnostics to rehabilitation. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2022;35(4):687-689. doi:10.3233/BMR-225002
Gimigliano F, Resmini G, Moretti A, et al. Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Adult Athletes: A Scoping Review. Med Kaunas Lith. 2021;57(10):1118. doi:10.3390/medicina57101118
David T. Missed Lower Extremity and Spine Fractures in Athletes: Curr Sports Med Rep. 2003;2(6):295-302. doi:10.1249/00149619-200312000-00003
David T. Missed Upper Extremity Fractures in Athletes: Curr Sports Med Rep. 2002;1(6):327-332. doi:10.1249/00149619-200212000-00005
Aborukbah AF, Elbashir HA, Alajmi MR, et al. Orthopedic sports injuries: advanced imaging modalities, return-to-play criteria, and injury prevention. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2023;11(1):392-397. doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233829
Gulanes AA, Fadare SA, Pepania JE, Hanima CO. Preventing Sports Injuries: A Review of Evidence-Based Strategies and Interventions. Salud Cienc Tecnol. 2024;4:951. doi:10.56294/saludcyt2024951
Emery CA, Pasanen K. Current trends in sport injury prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(1):3-15. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.009
Heiestad H, Myklebust G, Funnemark K, Holm Moseid C. Closing the gap on injury prevention: the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre four-platform model for translating research into practice. Br J Sports Med. 2022;56(9):482-483. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104998
Faigenbaum AD, Lloyd RS. Resistance training. In: Armstrong N, Mechelen WV, eds. Oxford Textbook of Children’s Sport and Excercise Medicine 4e. 1st ed. Oxford University PressOxford; 2023:491-C35P208. doi:10.1093/med/9780192843968.003.0035
Wang R, Han L. INFLUENCE OF SPORTS INJURIES AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON SKIERS’ BONE MASS. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2023;29:e2022_0160. doi:10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0160
Fernandez-del-Valle M, Naclerio F. Resistance Training Guidelines for Active Females Throughout the Lifespan, from Childhood to Elderly. In: Robert-McComb JJ, Zumwalt M, Fernandez-del-Valle M, eds. The Active Female. Springer International Publishing; 2023:463-482. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15485-0_26
Wang S, He F. REGULAR STRENGTH TRAINING EFFECT ON KUNG FU ATHLETES INJURIES REDUCTION. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2022;28(5):569-572. doi:10.1590/1517-8692202228052022_0026
Alqarni A. Common injuries in resistance training. Saudi J Sports Med. 2019;19(2):38. doi:10.4103/sjsm.sjsm_4_20
Walters BK, Read CR, Estes AR. The effects of resistance training, overtraining, and early specialization on youth athlete injury and development. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018;58(9). doi:10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07409-6
Buehler C, Koller W, De Comtes F, Kainz H. Quantifying Muscle Forces and Joint Loading During Hip Exercises Performed With and Without an Elastic Resistance Band. Front Sports Act Living. 2021;3:695383. doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.695383
Wirth K, Keiner M, Fuhrmann S, Nimmerichter A, Haff GG. Strength Training in Swimming. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):5369. doi:10.3390/ijerph19095369
Hughes DC, Ellefsen S, Baar K. Adaptations to Endurance and Strength Training. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018;8(6):a029769. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a029769
Leitão L, Venturini GRO, Junior RP, et al. Impact of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Balance, Quality of Life and Physical Activity Level of Older Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):11765. doi:10.3390/ijerph191811765
Vorup J, Tybirk J, Gunnarsson TP, Ravnholt T, Dalsgaard S, Bangsbo J. Effect of speed endurance and strength training on performance, running economy and muscular adaptations in endurance-trained runners. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(7):1331-1341. doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3356-4
Zouita S, Zouita ABM, Kebsi W, et al. Strength Training Reduces Injury Rate in Elite Young Soccer Players During One Season. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(5):1295-1307. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000920
McMahon G, Morse CI, Winwood K, Burden A, Onambélé GL. Gender associated muscle-tendon adaptations to resistance training. Csernoch L, ed. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(5):e0197852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197852
Li S, Garrett WE, Best TM, et al. Effects of flexibility and strength interventions on optimal lengths of hamstring muscle-tendon units. J Sci Med Sport. 2020;23(2):200-205. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.017
Centner C, Lauber B, Seynnes OR, et al. Low-load blood flow restriction training induces similar morphological and mechanical Achilles tendon adaptations compared with high-load resistance training. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2019;127(6):1660-1667. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00602.2019
Syed-Abdul MM, McClellan CL, Parks EJ, Ball SD. Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults. Ageing Soc. 2022;42(8):1863-1878. doi:10.1017/S0144686X20001786
Suchomel TJ, Nimphius S, Bellon CR, Stone MH. The Importance of Muscular Strength: Training Considerations. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2018;48(4):765-785. doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0862-z
Majewski M, Susanne H, Klaus S. Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study. The Knee. 2006;13(3):184-188. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2006.01.005
Wall C, Byrnes J, Botha L, Roe J. Acute sport-related knee injuries. Aust J Gen Pract. 2023;52(11):761-766. doi:10.31128/AJGP-04-23-6785
Jeong J, Choi DH, Shin CS. Core Strength Training Can Alter Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(1):183-192. doi:10.1177/0363546520972990
Moffit TJ, Montgomery MM, Lockie RG, Pamukoff DN. Association Between Knee- and Hip-Extensor Strength and Running-Related Injury Biomechanics in Collegiate Distance Runners. J Athl Train. 2020;55(12):1262-1269. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0532.19
Eduardo Melo Rodrigues L, Regia Sales Pontes V, Vinício Lopes Barros M, et al. Effects of strengthening exercises on the functional recovery of patients submitted to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an integrative review. Int Seven J Health Res. 2023;2(3):332-342. doi:10.56238/isevjhv2n3-003
Ferri-Caruana A, Prades-Insa B, Serra-AÑÓ P. Effects of pelvic and core strength training on biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020;60(8). doi:10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10552-8
Fong DTP, Hong Y, Chan LK, Yung PSH, Chan KM. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2007;37(1):73-94. doi:10.2165/00007256-200737010-00006
Huang K, Z.A. Z, Shi S. OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR ANKLE STRENGTH TRAINING DURING EXERCISE. Published online 2022:22528 Bytes. doi:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.20337272
Jerez Mayorga DA, Villaquiran Hurtado AF. Effects of strength training on ankle injuries in soccer players: a systematic review. Retos. 2023;49:657-665. doi:10.47197/retos.v49.95794
Khasanah FNS, Sugiyanto S, Riyadi S. Prone plank test base core muscle strength contribution to anticipate the risk of ankle injury for soccer player. Health Technol. 2023;1(3):46-53. doi:10.58962/HT.2023.1.3.46-53
Jeon KK, Kim TY, Lee SH. The effects of a strategic strength resistance exercise program on the isokinetic muscular function of the ankle. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(10):3295-3297. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.3295
Toresdahl BG, McElheny K, Metzl J, Ammerman B, Chang B, Kinderknecht J. A Randomized Study of a Strength Training Program to Prevent Injuries in Runners of the New York City Marathon. Sports Health Multidiscip Approach. 2020;12(1):74-79. doi:10.1177/1941738119877180
Snyder KR, Earl JE, O’Connor KM, Ebersole KT. Resistance training is accompanied by increases in hip strength and changes in lower extremity biomechanics during running. Clin Biomech Bristol Avon. 2009;24(1):26-34. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.09.009
Molina AP, Pons TC. Strength training in relation to injury prevention in professional and semi-professional women’s football: A systematic review. Apunts Sports Med. 2021;56(209):100342. doi:10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.100342
Lauersen JB, Andersen TE, Andersen LB. Strength training as superior, dose-dependent and safe prevention of acute and overuse sports injuries: a systematic review, qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(24):1557-1563. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099078
Raya-González J, García-Esteban S, Hume P, Castillo D. Effects of Gluteal Muscles Strengthening on Lower-Limb Injuries in Male Professional Handball Players: A Preliminary Study. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(6):1593-1598. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003620
Collings TJ, Bourne MN, Barrett RS, et al. Gluteal Muscle Forces during Hip-Focused Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023;55(4):650-660. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000003091
Ningning Y. STRENGTH TRAINING FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN AEROBIC GYMNASTICS. Published online 2023:7478097 Bytes. doi:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.21900080
Zduński S, Grygorowicz M. THE ROLE OF STRENGTH TRAINING IN PREVENTING MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AMONG FEMALE AND MALE SOCCER PLAYERS. Issues Rehabil Orthop Neurophysiol Sport Promot – IRONS. 2022;41:27-39. doi:10.19271/IRONS-000177-2022-41
Greve GP, Luo C, Wu B, Thompson JK. Entanglement-enhanced matter-wave interferometry in a high-finesse cavity. Nature. 2022;610(7932):472-477. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05197-9
Batalha N, Paixão C, Silva AJ, Costa MJ, Mullen J, Barbosa TM. The Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Shoulder Rotators Strength Training Program in Injury Prevention in Competitive Swimmers. J Hum Kinet. 2020;71:11-20. doi:10.2478/hukin-2019-0093
Shitara H, Tajika T, Kuboi T, et al. Shoulder stretching versus shoulder muscle strength training for the prevention of baseball-related arm injuries: a randomized, active-controlled, open-label, non-inferiority study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):22118. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26682-1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Julia Szewczyk, Michał Świta, Anna Szuciak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 421
Number of citations: 0
