Vaping and e-cigarette's as a danger of 21st century - overview of the lately reported side effects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2024.20.53810Keywords
vaping, e-cigarettes, cardiovascular, pulmonary, oral healthAbstract
Introduction and purpose: Vaping devices have gained popularity among youth and young adults due to their appealing flavors and the perception that they are less harmful than traditional tobacco cigarette’s. However, emerging evidence suggests that vaping may expose users to high level of hazardous chemicals, potentially leading to severe lung injuries and other side effects. The purpose of this review is to look closely to the dangers. The aim of this review is to look closely at the various side effects of vaping and usage of e-cigarette’s.
Materials and methods: This article is a literature review based on publications from PubMed and Cochrane Library, keywords included: vaping; e-cigarette’s; cardiovascular effect; pulmonary effect; oral health.
The state of knowledge: Smoking is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). People who currently smoke have an increased rate of hospitalization for heart failure (HF). The surge in vaping and e-cigarette use has resulted in an epidemic of hospitalizations and fatalities among e-cigarette users due to acute lung injury, a newly identified condition known as e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Beside cardiovascular and pulmonary effects vaping and e-cigarette’s are linked to various immediate and long-term health hazards.
Conclusions: Vaping poses significant health risks, particularly for young people. Side effects include respiratory problems, cardiovascular issues, and an increased risk of nicotine addiction. Additionally, exposure to harmful chemicals in e-cigarette aerosols can lead to long-term health complications. Despite its popularity as a safer alternative to smoking, the negative impacts of vaping are substantial and warrant serious attention and preventive measures.
Key words: vaping; e-cigarett’s; cardiovascular effect,;pulmonary effects; oral health
References
Smith ML, Gotway MB, Crotty Alexander LE, Hariri LP. Vaping-related lung injury. Virchows Arch. 2021 Jan;478(1):81-88. doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-02943-0. Epub 2020 Oct 27. PMID: 33106908; PMCID: PMC7590536.
Park JA, Crotty Alexander LE, Christiani DC. Vaping and Lung Inflammation and Injury. Annu Rev Physiol. 2022 Feb 10;84:611-629. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040014. Epub 2021 Nov 1. PMID: 34724436; PMCID: PMC10228557.
Becker TD, Rice TR. Youth vaping: a review and update on global epidemiology, physical and behavioral health risks, and clinical considerations. Eur J Pediatr. 2022 Feb;181(2):453-462. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04220-x. Epub 2021 Aug 15. PMID: 34396473; PMCID: PMC8364775.
Bhave SY, Chadi N. E-cigarettes and Vaping: A Global Risk for Adolescents. Indian Pediatr. 2021 Apr 15;58(4):315-319. PMID: 33883308.
Chadi N, Hadland SE, Harris SK. Understanding the implications of the "vaping epidemic" among adolescents and young adults: A call for action. Subst Abus. 2019;40(1):7-10. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1580241. Epub 2019 Mar 18. PMID: 30883295; PMCID: PMC6583912.
Marques P, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respir Res. 2021 May 18;22(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5. PMID: 34006276; PMCID: PMC8129966.
Lyzwinski LN, Naslund JA, Miller CJ, Eisenberg MJ. Global youth vaping and respiratory health: epidemiology, interventions, and policies. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2022 Apr 11;32(1):14. doi: 10.1038/s41533-022-00277-9. PMID: 35410990; PMCID: PMC9001701.
Bonner E, Chang Y, Christie E, Colvin V, Cunningham B, Elson D, Ghetu C, Huizenga J, Hutton SJ, Kolluri SK, Maggio S, Moran I, Parker B, Rericha Y, Rivera BN, Samon S, Schwichtenberg T, Shankar P, Simonich MT, Wilson LB, Tanguay RL. The chemistry and toxicology of vaping. Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Sep;225:107837. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107837. Epub 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 33753133; PMCID: PMC8263470.
Tsai M, Byun MK, Shin J, Crotty Alexander LE. Effects of e-cigarettes and vaping devices on cardiac and pulmonary physiology. J Physiol. 2020 Nov;598(22):5039-5062. doi: 10.1113/JP279754. Epub 2020 Oct 12. PMID: 32975834; PMCID: PMC10506663.
O'Callaghan M, Boyle N, Fabre A, Keane MP, McCarthy C. Vaping-Associated Lung Injury: A Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Mar 10;58(3):412. doi: 10.3390/medicina58030412. PMID: 35334588; PMCID: PMC8949983.
Thirión-Romero I, Pérez-Padilla R, Zabert G, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I. RESPIRATORY IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES AND "LOW-RISK" TOBACCO. Rev Invest Clin. 2019;71(1):17-27. doi: 10.24875/RIC.18002616. PMID: 30810544.
Hamberger ES, Halpern-Felsher B. Vaping in adolescents: epidemiology and respiratory harm. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2020 Jun;32(3):378-383. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000896. PMID: 32332328; PMCID: PMC7285995.
Winnicka L, Shenoy MA. EVALI and the Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: A Review. J Gen Intern Med. 2020 Jul;35(7):2130-2135. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05813-2. Epub 2020 Apr 3. PMID: 32246394; PMCID: PMC7351931.
Chaumont M, van de Borne P, Bernard A, Van Muylem A, Deprez G, Ullmo J, Starczewska E, Briki R, de Hemptinne Q, Zaher W, Debbas N. Fourth generation e-cigarette vaping induces transient lung inflammation and gas exchange disturbances: results from two randomized clinical trials. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2019 May 1;316(5):L705-L719. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00492.2018. Epub 2019 Feb 6. PMID: 30724099; PMCID: PMC6589591.
Antoniewicz L, Brynedal A, Hedman L, Lundbäck M, Bosson JA. Acute Effects of Electronic Cigarette Inhalation on the Vasculature and the Conducting Airways. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2019 Oct;19(5):441-450. doi: 10.1007/s12012-019-09516-x. PMID: 30963443; PMCID: PMC6746878.
McDonald CF. Vaping and the lung: New evidence from the silent zone? Respirology. 2021 Oct;26(10):906-907. doi: 10.1111/resp.14132. Epub 2021 Aug 18. PMID: 34409673.
Kondo T, Nakano Y, Adachi S, Murohara T. Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Cardiovascular Disease. Circ J. 2019 Sep 25;83(10):1980-1985. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-19-0323. Epub 2019 Aug 29. PMID: 31462607.
Benowitz NL, Burbank AD. Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: Implications for electronic cigarette use. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2016 Aug;26(6):515-23. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 10. PMID: 27079891; PMCID: PMC4958544.
Wold LE, Tarran R, Crotty Alexander LE, Hamburg NM, Kheradmand F, St Helen G, Wu JC; American Heart Association Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Hypertension; and Stroke Council. Cardiopulmonary Consequences of Vaping in Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res. 2022 Jul 22;131(3):e70-e82. doi: 10.1161/RES.0000000000000544. Epub 2022 Jun 21. PMID: 35726609.
Rose JJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Exil VJ, Hamburg NM, Fetterman JL, Ichinose F, Perez-Pinzon MA, Rezk-Hanna M, Williamson E; American Heart Association Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Stroke Council; and Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. Cardiopulmonary Impact of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Products: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):703-728. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001160. Epub 2023 Jul 17. PMID: 37458106.
Leslie FM. Unique, long-term effects of nicotine on adolescent brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020 Oct;197:173010. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173010. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PMID: 32738256; PMCID: PMC7484459.
George J, Hussain M, Vadiveloo T, Ireland S, Hopkinson P, Struthers AD, Donnan PT, Khan F, Lang CC. Cardiovascular Effects of Switching From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Dec 24;74(25):3112-3120. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.067. Epub 2019 Nov 15. PMID: 31740017; PMCID: PMC6928567.
Patten SB. Vaping and Mental Health. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Feb;30(1):3-5. Epub 2021 Feb 1. PMID: 33552167; PMCID: PMC7837520.
Grant JE, Lust K, Fridberg DJ, King AC, Chamberlain SR. E-cigarette use (vaping) is associated with illicit drug use, mental health problems, and impulsivity in university students. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2019 Feb;31(1):27-35. PMID: 30699215; PMCID: PMC6420081
Fadus MC, Smith TT, Squeglia LM. The rise of e-cigarettes, pod mod devices, and JUUL among youth: Factors influencing use, health implications, and downstream effects. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Aug 1;201:85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.011. Epub 2019 May 23. PMID: 31200279; PMCID: PMC7183384.
Khan AM, Ahmed S, Sarfraz Z, Farahmand P. Vaping and Mental Health Conditions in Children: An Umbrella Review. Subst Abuse. 2023 Apr 20;17:11782218231167322. doi: 10.1177/11782218231167322. PMID: 37124582; PMCID: PMC10134143.
Banks E, Yazidjoglou A, Brown S, Nguyen M, Martin M, Beckwith K, Daluwatta A, Campbell S, Joshy G. Electronic cigarettes and health outcomes: umbrella and systematic review of the global evidence. Med J Aust. 2023 Apr 3;218(6):267-275. doi: 10.5694/mja2.51890. Epub 2023 Mar 20. PMID: 36939271; PMCID: PMC10952413.
Taylor E, Brose LS, McNeill A, Brown J, Kock L, Robson D. Associations between smoking and vaping prevalence, product use characteristics, and mental health diagnoses in Great Britain: a population survey. BMC Med. 2023 Jun 14;21(1):211. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02890-y. PMID: 37316913; PMCID: PMC10268384.
Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Matshik Dakafay H, O'Brien K, Montierth D, Xiao N, Ojcius DM. Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on oral and systemic health. Biomed J. 2021 Jun;44(3):252-259. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.07.003. Epub 2020 Jul 24. PMID: 33039378; PMCID: PMC8358192.
Zhang Q, Wen C. The risk profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems, compared to traditional cigarettes, on oral disease: a review. Front Public Health. 2023 May 15;11:1146949. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146949. PMID: 37255760; PMCID: PMC10226679.
Iacob AM, Escobedo Martínez MF, Barbeito Castro E, Junquera Olay S, Olay García S, Junquera Gutiérrez LM. Effects of Vape Use on Oral Health: A Review of the Literature. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Feb 21;60(3):365. doi: 10.3390/medicina60030365. PMID: 38541091; PMCID: PMC10972225.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Paula Bieganek, Michał Tokarski, Angelika Tokarska
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 919
Number of citations: 0
