Fitoestrogeny w diecie i fitoterapii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/KOSMOS.2025.021Słowa kluczowe
fitoestrogeny, izoflawony, lignany, kumestany, 8-prenylonaryngenina, menopauzaAbstrakt
Fitoestrogeny to szeroka grupa związków pochodzenia roślinnego, które wykazują zdolność wiązania się z receptorami estrogenowymi, naśladując działanie endogennych hormonów. Naturalnie występują w wielu produktach roślinnych stanowiących codzienny składnik diety człowieka, takich jak warzywa i produkty pełnoziarniste. Do głównych przedstawicieli fitoestrogenów należą izoflawony, kumestany i lignany, których podstawowymi źródłami są odpowiednio: soja, kwiaty koniczyny i kiełki lucerny oraz nasiona oleiste, zwłaszcza siemię lniane. Niektóre rośliny zawierają również silniej działające związki, w tym 8-prenylonaryngeninę uważaną za jeden z najsilniejszych znanych fitoestrogenów. Wyniki badań prowadzonych zarówno na liniach komórkowych i w modelach zwierzęcych, jak i w badaniach populacyjnych sugerują, że fitoestrogeny mogą odgrywać istotną rolę w profilaktyce wielu chorób, w tym objawów menopauzy, osteoporozy, niektórych nowotworów oraz schorzeń układu sercowo-naczyniowego.
Bibliografia
Adgent, M.A., Daniels, J.L., Rogan, W.J., Adair, L., Edwards, L.J., i in., 2011. Early-life soy exposure and age at menarche. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 26, 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01244.x
Aldercreutz, H., 2007. Lignans and human health. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 44, 483-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408360701612942
Armarkar, A., Sabale, P., Prasad, S., Sabale, V., Potey, L., i in., 2025. Therapeutic role of isoflavones from traditional medicine in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Pharmacological Research – Modern Chinese Medicine 14, 100305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2024.100305
Atkinson, C., Compston, J.E., Day, N.E., Dowsett, M., Bingham, S.A., 2004. The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/79.2.326
Basu, P., Maier, C., 2018. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer: In vitro anticancer activities of isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, stilbenes and their analogs and derivatives. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 107, 1648–1666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.100
Biofarm, 2024. https://www.biofarm.pl/nasze-produkty/leki-bez-recepty-otc/soyfem (dostęp: 6 sierpnia 2025).
Bryant, M., Cassidy, A., Hill, C., Powell, J., Talbot, D., 2005. Effect of consumption of soy isoflavones on menstrual cycle length in premenopausal women: a randomized, crossover trial. British Journal of Nutrition 93, 607–612. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041396
Carmina, E., Dreno, B., Lucky, W.A., Agak, W.G., Dokras, A., i in., 2022. Female adult acne and androgen excess: a report from the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOSCommittee. Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, bvac009. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac009
Canivenc-Lavier, M.-C., Bennetau-Pelissero, C., 2023. Phytoestrogens and health effects. Frontiers in Nutrition 10, 986469. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020317
Cassidy, A., Rimbach, G., Thompson, R., 2006. Molecular mechanisms by which isoflavones and other plant estrogens exert their biological activities. The Journal of Nutrition 136, 218S–222S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.1.218S
Cederroth, C.R., Zimmermann, C., Nef, S., 2012. Soy, phytoestrogens and their impact on reproductive health. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 355, 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.049
Chen, T., Wang, J., Li, M., Wu, Q., Cui, S., 2023. Genistein inhibits proliferation and metastasis in human cervical cancer cells through the focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway: a network pharmacology-based in vitro study in HeLa cells. Molecules 28, 1919. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041919
Cherdshewasart, W., Malaivijitnond, S., Chansakaow, S., 2001. Clinical trial of the phytoestrogen-rich herb Pueraria mirifica as a crude drug in the treatment of symptoms in menopausal women. Siriraj Medical Journal 53(5), 300–309.
Diel, P., Schmidt, S., Vollmer, G., 2004. Comparative effects of phytoestrogens and estrogens on the uterus and mammary gland in ovariectomized rats. Archives of Toxicology 78, 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-003-0535-y
Doerge, D.R., Sheehan, D.M., 2002. Goitrogenic and estrogenic activity of soy isoflavones. Environmental Health Perspectives 110 (Suppl 3), 349–353. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s3349
EFSA, 2025. Draft compendium of botanicals and botanical preparations that have been considered for food supplement use and have been reported to have also a medicinal use. European Food Safety Authority, Parma.
EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS), 2015. Risk assessment of isoflavones from soy and red clover: safety of intake levels up to 150 mg/day. EFSA Journal 13, 4246. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4246
Farrar, A.J., Farrar, F.C., 2020. Clinical aromatherapy. Nursing Clinics of North America 55(4), 489–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2020.06.015
George, R., Clarke, S., Thiboutot, D., 2008. Hormonal therapy for acne. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 27, 188–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2008.06.005
Grela, E.R., Kiczorowska, B., Samolińska, W., Matras, J., 2022. Soy isoflavones as natural alternatives to estrogen therapy for alleviating menopausal symptoms: a review. Nutrients 14(21), 4482. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.3.664S
Hooper, L., Ryder, J.J., Kurzer, M.S., Messina, M., 2010. Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on circulating hormone levels in pre- and post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 621–632. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmp010
Howes, M.-J.R., Houghton, P.J., Barlow, D.J., Pocock, V.J., Milligan, S.R., 2002. Assessment of estrogenic activity in some common essential oil constituents. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 54, 1521–1528. https://doi.org/10.1211/002235702216
Imhof, M., Molzer, S., Imhof, M., Grunt, T., 2008. Lignans and prostate health. Fitoterapia 79, 560–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.07.009/DO WYJAŚNIENIA-nie mogę znaleźć-jw/
Izumi, T., Saito, M., Obata, A., Arii, M., Yamaguchi, H., Matsuyama, A., 2007. Oral intake of soy isoflavone aglycone improves the aged skin of adult women. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 53, 57–62. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.53.57
Langa, S., Peirotén, Á., Curiel, J.A., Ruiz de la Bastida, A., Landete, J.M., 2023. Isoflavone metabolism by lactic acid bacteria and its application in the development of fermented soy food with beneficial effects on human health. Foods 12, 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061293
Kakehashi, A., Yoshida, M., Tago, Y., Ishii, N., Okuno, T., Gi, M., Wanibuchi, H., 2016. Pueraria mirifica exerts estrogenic effects in the mammary gland and uterus and promotes mammary carcinogenesis in Donryu rats. Toxins 8, 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8110275
Konstantinou, E.K., Gioxari, A., Dimitriou, M., Panoutsopoulos, G.I., Panagiotopoulos, A.A., 2024. Molecular pathways of genistein activity in breast cancer cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25(10), 5556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105556
Krebs, E.E., Ensrud, K.E., MacDonald, R., Wilt, T.J., 2001. A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal therapies used for menopausal symptoms. Archives of Internal Medicine 161, 2650–2658. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.22.2650
Kryska, S., 2019. Zastosowanie fitoestrogenów w łagodzeniu objawów menopauzy. Przegląd Menopauzalny 18, 140–145. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2019.90269
Kuiper, G.G., Lemmen, J.G., Carlsson, B., Corton, J.C., Safe, S.H., i in., 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor β. Endocrinology 139, 4252–4263. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.139.10.6216
Kurzer, M.S., Xu, X., 1997. Dietary phytoestrogens. Annual Review of Nutrition 17, 353–381. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.353
Kwiatkowska, E., 2007. Fitoestrogeny sojowe w profilaktyce chorób cywilizacyjnych. Postępy Fitoterapii 4, 207–211.
Ginekologia po Dyplomie, 2025. Zastosowanie fitoestrogenów w łagodzeniu objawów menopauzy. https://podyplomie.pl/ginekologia/30381,zastosowanie-fitoestrogenow-w-lagodzeniu-objawow-menopauzy (dostęp: 6 czerwca 2025).
Landete, J.M., 2012. Plant and mammalian lignans: a review of source, intake, metabolism, intestinal bacteria and health. Food Research International 46, 410–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.12.023
Lee, J., Li, Y., Li, C., Li, D., 2011. Natural products and body weight control. North American journal of medical sciences 3, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.4297/najms.2011.313
Li, Z., Li, J., Mo, B., Hu, C., Liu, H., Qi, H., i in., 2008. Genistein induces cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicology in Vitro 22, 1749–1753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2008.08.001
Ma, D.F., Qin, L.Q., Wang, P.Y., Katoh, R., 2008. Soy isoflavone intake increases bone mineral density in the spine of menopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition 27, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2007.10.012
Markiewicz, L., Garey, J., Adlercreutz, H., Gurpide, E., 1993. In vitro bioassays of non-steroidal phytoestrogens. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 45, 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0760(93)90286–Z
Messina, M., 2010. Insights gained from 20 years of soy research. The Journal of Nutrition 140, 2289S–2295S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.124107
Messina, M., 2014. Soy foods, isoflavones, and the health of postmenopausal women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100 (Suppl 1), 423S–430S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.071464
Messina, M., 2016. Soy and health update: evaluation of the clinical and epidemiologic literature. Nutrients 8, 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120754
Milligan, S.R., Kalita, J.C., Pocock, V., Van De Kauter, V., Stevens, J.F., i in., 2000. The endocrine activities of 8-prenylnaringenin and related hop (Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85, 4912–4915. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.12.7168
Muangman, V., Cherdshewasart, W., 2001. Clinical trial of the phytoestrogen-rich herb, Pueraria mirifica, as a crude drug in the treatment of symptoms in menopausal women. Siriraj Medical Journal 53, 300–309.
Nakagawa, K., 2004. Licorice flavonoids suppress abdominal fat accumulation and increase in blood glucose level in obese diabetic KK-A(y) mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 27, 1775–1778. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.1775
Nikolic, D., Li, Y., Chadwick, L.R., Pauli, G.F., van Breemen, R.B., 2004. Metabolism of xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin by human liver microsomes. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 39, 1275–1282. https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.753
Oleofarm, 2025. https://www.oleofarm24.pl/product-pol-43-Ligunin-R-60-kapsulek.html (dostęp: 6 sierpnia 2025).
Olutunmbi, Y., Paley, K., English, J.C., 2008. Adolescent female acne: etiology and management. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 21, 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2007.07.004
Ososki, A.L., Kennelly, E.J., 2003. Phytoestrogens: a review of the present state of research. Phytotherapy Research 17, 845–869. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1364
Ożarowski, A., Jaroniewski, W., 1987. Rośliny lecznicze i ich praktyczne zastosowanie. PZWL, s. 197–199.
Patisaul, H.B., Jefferson, W., 2010. The pros and cons of phytoestrogens. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 31, 400–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.03.002
Penotti, M., Raccah, R., 2010. Soy isoflavones in the management of menopausal symptoms and their effect on quality of life: a systematic review. Climacteric 13, 437–446. https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2010.496379
Polito, L.C., Ferreira, A.C., de Oliveira, M.R., de Oliveira, F., 2015. Potential of genistein as a neuroprotective agent. Neuroscience Letters 589, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.014
Polskie Towarzystwo Menopauzy i Andropauzy, 2006. Progestageny w hormonalnej terapii zastępczej. https://ptgin.pl/sites/scm/files/2021-09/07.2006%20-W%20TRAKCIE%20AKTUALIZACJI%20-%20Progestageny%20w%20hormonalnej%20terapii%20zast%C4%99pczej.pdf (dostęp: 6 czerwca 2025)
Possemiers, S., Heyerick, A., Robbens, V., De Keukeleire, D., i Verstraete, W., 2005. Activation of proestrogens from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) by intestinal microbiota; conversion of isoxanthohumol into 8-prenylnaringenin. The Journal of Nutrition 135(12), 2792–2798. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0509714
Preedy, V.R., 2015. Handbook of diet, nutrition and the skin. Elsevier Academic Press.
Riyanto, P., Subchan, P., Lelyana, R. 2015. Advantage of soybean isoflavone as antiandrogen on acne vulgaris. Dermato-Endocrinology 7, e1063751, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/19381980.2015.1063751
Rice, S., Whitehead, S.A., 2006. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer—promoters or protectors? Endocrine-Related Cancer 13(4), 995-1015. https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01290
Roberts, R., Minuk, G., Hollinshead, S., 2011. The safety of soy isoflavones in menopausal women: a systematic review. Menopause 18, 853-861. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31820f86b6 - kolejna praca, której nie mogę znaleźć…
Routledge, E.J., Sumpter, J.P., 1996. Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620150303
Rowland, I., Wiseman, H., Sanders, T., Adlercreutz, H., i Bowey, E., 2000. Interindividual variation in metabolism of soy isoflavones and lignans: influence of gut microflora and dietary intake. Nutrition and Cancer 36, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327914NC3601_4
Russo, J., 2007. The role of estrogen in breast cancer development. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 102, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.09.004
Senizza, A., Rocchetti, G., Mosele, J.I., Patrone, V., Callegari, M.L., i in., 2020. Lignans and gut microbiota: an interplay revealing potential health implications. Molecules 25, 5709. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245709
Simmler, C., Pauli, G.F., Chen, S.N., 2013. Phytochemistry and biological properties of glabridin. Fitoterapia 90, 160–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.04.009
Shinkaruk, S., Hilaire, S., Delort, L., 2018. Isoflavones: a review of their health effects and pharmacological properties. Phytochemistry Reviews 17, 1135–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9550-0
Setchell, K.D.R., Cassidy, A., 1999. Dietary isoflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health. The Journal of Nutrition 129, 758S–767S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.3.758S
Setchell, K.D.R., Clerici, C., 2010. Equol: history, chemistry, and formation. The Journal of Nutrition 140, 1355S–1362S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.124025
Setchell, K.D.R., 2014. Isoflavones, w: Setchell, K.D.R. (Red.), Phytostrogens and health, Springer, s. 142–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56623-3_10
Shao, Z.M., Wu, J., Shen, Z.Z., Barsky, S.H., 1998. Genistein exerts multiple suppressive effects on human breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Research 58, 4851–4857.
Sirotkin, A.V., Harrath, A.H., 2014. Phytoestrogens and their effects. European Journal of Pharmacology 741, 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.057
Sohel, M., Biswas, P., Al Amin, M., Hossain, M.A., i in., 2022. Genistein, a potential phytochemical against breast cancer treatment—insight into the molecular mechanisms. Processes 10, 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020415
Soni, M.G., White, S., Flamm, W.G., Burdock, G.A., 2004. Safety assessment of genistein and daidzein. Food and Chemical Toxicology 42, 587–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2003.09.007
Spinozzi, F., Pagliacci, M.C., Migliorati, G., i in., 1994. The natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein produces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurkat T-leukemia cells. Leukemia Research 18, 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2126(94)90079-5
Štulíková, K., Karabín, M., Nešpor, J., Dostálek, P. 2018. Therapeutic perspectives of 8-Prenylnaringenin, a potent phytoestrogen from hops. Molecules, 23, 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23030660
Taku, K., Lin, N., Cai, D., Hooper, L., 2010. Meta-analysis of soy isoflavone intake and risk of prostate cancer in Japanese and Western populations. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 19, 473–482.
Tham, D.M., Gardner, C.D., Haskell, W.L., 1998. Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, 2223–2235. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.5023
Thompson, L.U., Boucher, B.A., Liu, Z., i in., 2006. Phytoestrogen content of foods consumed in Canada, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestan. Nutrition and Cancer 54, 184–201. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc5402_5
Thorneycroft, I.H., Stanczyk, F.Z., Bradshaw, K.D., i in., 1999. Effect of low-dose oral contraceptives on androgenic markers and acne. Contraception 60, 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-7824(99)00124-6
Tisserand, R., Young, R., 2014. The reproductive system, w: Essential Oil Safety, Elsevier, s. 147–163.
USDA, 2025. https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/isoflav/isfl_tbl.pdf (dostęp: 6 sierpnia 2025).
U.S. National Toxicology Program, 2020. Report on Carcinogens, Fifteenth Edition. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Wang, S., Zhang, S., Wang, S., Gao, P., Dai L., 2020. A comprehensive review on Pueraria: insights on its chemistry and medicinal value. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherpy 131, 110734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110734
Watanabe, S., Kinoshita, M., Maeda, K., Inoue, K., 2009. Isoflavones reduce the serum levels of cholesterol and improve antioxidant status in postmenopausal women. Clinical Nutrition 28, 272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2008.10.011
Wu, A.H., Yu, M.C., Tseng, C.C., Pike, M.C., 2008. Epidemiology of soy exposure and breast cancer risk: evidence from the Singapore Chinese Health Study and meta-analysis of pooled data. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 109, 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604145
Yamamoto, S., Sobue, T., Kobayashi, M., i in., 2003. Soy, isoflavones, and breast cancer risk in Japan. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 95, 906–913. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/95.12.906
Zava, D.T., Dollbaum, C.M., Blen, M., 1998. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 217, 369–378. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-217-44247
Zouboulis, C.C., 2004. Acne and sebaceous gland function. Clinics in Dermatology 22(5), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 KOSMOS
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Statystyki
Liczba wyświetleń i pobrań: 5
Liczba cytowań: 0