Phytoestrogens in diet and phytotherapy

Abstract

Phytoestrogens are a broad group of plant-derived compounds that exert the ability to bind to estrogen receptors, mimicking the action of endogenous hormones. They naturally occur in many plant-based foods that are part of the human daily diet, such as vegetables and whole grain products. The main representatives of phytoestrogens include isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans, which are primarily found in soy, clover flowers and alfalfa sprouts, and oilseeds such as flaxseed, respectively. Some plants also contain more potent compounds, including 8-prenylnaringenin - considered one of the most powerful known phytoestrogens. Research conducted on cell cultures and in animal models, as well as in human populations suggests that dietary phytoestrogens may play a significant role in the prevention of various health conditions, including menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, certain cancers, and cardiovascular diseases.