Agroforestry: An effective multi-dimensional mechanism for achieving Sustainable Development Goals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EQ.2020.023Keywords
agroforestry, trees, priorities, agroforestry policy, Sustainable Development GoalsAbstract
The ecological footprint has far surpassed the biocapacity of our globe to fulfill the current requirement of the people living on the earth which needs sustainable vision with synergic alternative/option to meet the current human demand without compromising the need for the future generation.
We examined the various SDGs goals with respect to agroforestry capacity and contribution based on available literature and knowledge. The study provides a better understanding of the synergic approach/strategies with retrospective and prospective ways for choosing agroforestry exercise which is an effective mechanism for providing multi-dimensional ecosystem services without interruption in achieving the majority of SDGs goals.
The outcome of the evaluation highlights that agroforestry can contribute very significantly and can play a vital role in SDG-1, SDG-2, SDG-11, SDG-13, and SDG-15 directly in mitigating poverty, contributing towards food security, improving in creating a viable healthy city and in providing a sustainable overall prosperous environment in the prevailing climate change setup whereas indirectly it can serve others SDGs goals simultaneously that aim to provide better health and education, women empowerment, effective contribution towards clean water and energy for all sections of the society/citizen.
The analysis further concluded although agroforestry has a vibrant future and hope it will get adequate priority in various countries with a focus on policy and investment.
References
Ahmad F. & Goparaju L., 2017, Land evaluation in terms of agroforestry suitability, an approach to improve livelihood and reduce poverty: a FAO based methodology a geospatial solution: a case study of Palamu district, Jharkhand, India. Ecological Questions 25: 67–84. (https://doi.org/10.12775/EQ.2017.006).
Ahmad F. & Goparaju L., 2016, Geospatial Technology in Urban Forest suitability: Analysis for Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Ecological Questions 24: 45–58.
Ahmad F., Uddin M.M. & Goparaju L., 2019, Agroforestry suitability mapping of India: geospatial approach based on FAO guidelines. Agroforestry Systems 93: 1319–1336. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0233-7).
Akbari H., Kurn D.M., Bretz S.E. & Hanford J.W., 1997, Peak power and cooling energy savings of shade trees. Energy and Buildings 25: 139–148.
AN, 2018, AGROFORESTRY NETWORK (AN): Achieving the Global Goals through agroforestry. https://www.siani.se/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/AchievingTheGlobalGoalsThroughAgroforestry_FINAL_WEB_144ppi-1.pdf
Anderson S.H., Udawatta R.P., Seobi T. & Garrett H.E., 2009, Soil water content andinfiltration in agroforestry buffer strips. Agroforestry Systems 75: 5-16.
Arora N.K. & Mishra I., 2019, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and environmental sustainability: race against time. Environmental Sustainability 2: 339–342. (doi:10.1007/s42398-019-00092-y).
Barrantes C. & Santos F., 2019, Knowledge management, the missing piece in the 2030 agenda and SDGs puzzle. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. (https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-01-2019-0019).
Bell J.F., Wilson J.S. & Liu G.C., 2008, Neighborhood greenness and 2-year changes in body mass index of children and youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 35(6): 547–553. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.07.006).
Bhagwat S., Willis K., Birks H. & Whittaker R., 2008, Agroforestry: A refuge for tropical diversity? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23: 261–267.
Brack C.L., 2002, Pollution mitigation and carbon sequestration by an urban forest. Environmental Pollution 116(S1): 195-200.
Castaneda R.A., Doan D.D.T., Newhouse D.L., Nguyen M.C., Uematsu H. & Azevedo J.P.W.D., 2018, A new profile of the global poor. World Development 101: 250-267. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.08.002).
CGIAR, 2016, CGIAR research program on forests, trees, and agroforestry. Annual report 2016. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CRP/ARCRP2016.pdf
Chimhowu A., Hulme D. & Munro L., 2019, The ‘new’ national development planning and global development goals: Processes and partnerships. World Development 120: 76-89.
Clough Y., Barkmann J., Juhrbandt J., Kessler M., Cherico T. & Anshary A., 2011, Combining high biodiversity with high yields in tropical agroforests. PNAS 108: 8311–8316.
Ellaway A., Macintyre S. & Bonnefoy X., 2005, Graffiti, greenery, and obesity in adults: Secondary analysis of European cross sectional survey. Bmy 331(7517): 611–612. (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38575.664549.F7).
Escobedo F., Varela S., Zhao M., Wagner J.E. & Zipperer W., 2010, Analyzing the efficacy of subtropical urban forests in offsetting carbon emissions from cities. Environmental Science & Policy 13(5): 362–372.
Fang C.F. & Ling D.L., 2005, Guidance for noise reduction provided by tree belts Landscape and Urban Planning 71(1): 29–34.
FAO, 2016, Use of Treated Water in Forestry and Agroforestry. http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/toolbox/modules/use-of-treated-water-in-forestry-and-agroforestry/in-more-depth/en/?type=111
FAO, 2018a, Forest and sustainable cities. http://www.fao.org/3/i8707en/I8707EN.pdf
FAO, 2018b, Agroforestry. http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/toolbox/modules/agroforestry/basic-knowledge/en/?type=111
FAO, 2004, Improvement of Rural Livelihoods: the role of Agroforestry. http://www.fao.org/forestry/7459-03b98002736c1812f203700d24b933c91.pdf
FAO, 2019, Climate-smart agriculture and the Sustainable Development Goals: Mapping interlinkages, synergies and trade-offs and guidelines forintegrated implementation. FAO, Rome.
Fazio J.R., (ed.), 2010, How trees can retain stormwater runoff. Tree City USA Bulletin No. 55. Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, USA.
Finlayson R., 2019, How to grow a national agroforestry policy. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/blog/2019/09/23/how-grow-national-agroforestry-policy
Fulton B., 2013, Where is Australia headed? Some future projections. The conversation, 2013. http://theconversation.com/where-isaustralia-headed-some-future-projections-12403
Gangadharappa N.R., Shivamurthy M. & Ganesamoorthi S., 2003, AGROFORESTRY - A Viable Alternative for Social, Economic and Ecological Sustainability. http://www.fao.org/3/XII/0051-B5.htm
Garrity D.P., 2004, Agroforestry and the achievement of the millennium development goals. Agroforestry Systems 61: 5–17.
Garrity D.P., Akinnifesi F.K., Ajayi O.C., Weldesemayat S.G., Mowo J.G., Kalinganire A., Larwanou M. & Bayala J., 2010, Evergreen agriculture: A robust approach to sustainable food security in Africa. Food Security 2: 197–214.
GFRAS, 2015, Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services Strategic Framework 2016–2025. Advocacy and leadership in rural advisory services for sustainable development. Lindau, Switzerland.
Holloway J., 2012, Hot, crowded, and running out of fuel: earth of 2050 a scary place. http://arstechnica.com/science/2012/03/hotcrowded- and-running-out-of-fuel-earth-of-2050-a-scaryplace
ICRAF, 2010, Agroforestry Policy Initiative. http://old.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFs/RP09004.DOC
ICRAF, 2016, Agroforestry and ICRAF. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/about/agroforestry
Ilstedt U, Bargués Tobella A., Bazié H.R., Bayala J., Verbeeten E., Nyberg G., Sanou J., Benegas L., Murdiyarso D., Laudon H., Sheil D. & Malmer A., 2016, Intermediate tree cover can maximize groundwater recharge in the seasonally dry tropics. Scientific Reports 6: 1–12.
Ilstedt U., Malmer A., Verbeeten E. & Murdiyarso D., 2007, The effect of afforestation on water infiltration in the tropics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forest Ecol. Manag. 251: 45–51.
Jiang B., Larsen L., Deal B. & Sullivan W.C., 2015, A dose-response curve describing the relationship between tree cover density and landscape preference. Landscape and Urban Planning 139: 16–25. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02).
Kardan O., Gozdyra P., Misic B., Moola F., Palmer L.J., Paus T. & Berman M.G., 2015, Neighborhood greenspace and health in a large urban center. Scientific Reports 5: 11610. (https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11610).
Khera N., Metha V. & Sabata B.C., 2009, Interrelationship of birds and habitat features in urban green spaces in Delhi, India. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 8(3): 187–196.
Konijnendijk van den Bosch C., 2003, A decade of urban forestry in Europe. Forest Policy and Economics 5(2): 173–186.
Kumar B.M., Singh A.K. & Dhyani S., 2012, South Asian agroforestry: Traditions, transformations, and prospects, [in:] P.K.R. Nair, D. Garrity (eds.), Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use. Advances in Agroforestry, vol. 9. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 359–389. (doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4676-3_19).
Langford K., 2016, Trees shown to increase groundwater recharge. http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/index.php/2016/02/25/trees-shown-to-increase-groundwater-recharge/
Lawrence A., De Vreese R., Johnston M., Konijnendijk van den Bosch C. & Sanesi G., 2013, Urban forest governance: Towards a framework for comparing approaches. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 12: 464–473.
Leakey R.R., 2014, The role of trees in agroecology and sustainable agriculture in the tropics. Annual Review of Phytopathology 52: 113–133.
Leakey R.R.B., Tchoundjeu Z., Schreckenberg K., Shackleton S.E. & Shackleton C.M., 2005, Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs): Targeting Poverty Reduction and Enhanced Livelihoods. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 3(1): 1-23.
Lipper L., Thornton P., Campbell B.M., Baedeker T., Braimoh A., Bwalya M., Caron P., Cattanea A., Garrity D., Henry K., Hottle R., Jackson L., Jarvis A., Kossam F., Mann W., McCarthy N., Meybeck A., Neufeldt H., Remington T., Sen P.T., Sessa R., Shula R., Tibu A. & Torquebiau E.F., 2014, Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nature Climate Change 4(12): 1068-1072. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2437).
Maryanti M.R., Khadijah H., Muhammad Uzair A. & Megat Mohd Ghazali M.A.R., 2016, The urban green space provision using the standards approach: issues and challenges of its implementation in Malaysia. WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ. 210: 369–379. (doi: 10.2495/SDP160311).
Mbow C., Smith P., Skole D., Duguma L. & Bustamante M. 2014, Achieving mitigation and adaptation to climate change through sustainable agroforestry practices in Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 6: 8–14. (doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.09.002).
Mekonnen M.M. & Hoekstra A.Y., 2016, Four billion people facing severe water scarcity. Sci. Adv., 2016, 2: e1500323.
Moigneu T., 2001, Recreation in the Paris region national forests: a priceless service which should be costless? [in:] C.C. Konijnendijk, Flemish Forest Organisation (eds.), Communicating and Financing Urban Woodlands in Europe. Proceedings of the Second and Third IUFRO European on Urban Forestry, Aarhus, Denmark, 4–6 May 1999 and Gyarmatpuszta/Budapest, Hungary, 9–12 May 2000. Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, Afdeling Bos & Groen etc., Brussels: 201–206.
Montagnini F. & Metzel R., 2017, The Contribution of Agroforestry to Sustainable Development Goal 2: End Hunger. Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition, and Promote Sustainable Agriculture. (doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69371-2_2).
Mooney P. & Nicell P.L., 1992, The importance of exterior environment for Alzheimer residents: Effective care and risk management. Healthcare Management Forum 5(2): 23–29. (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0840-4704(10)61202-1).
Morar T., Radoslav R., Spiridon L.C. & Păcurar L., 2014, Assessing pedestrian accessibility to green space using GIS. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 10(42): 116–139.
Nair P.K.R., 1993, An introduction to agroforestry. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Negri L.A.B., 2018, The role of scattered trees in soil water dynamics of pastures and agricultural lands in the Central American Tropics. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c90c/c8beb1202d07bb4c61ad5ce0fb9f968a5dc9.pdf
Nowak D.J., Stein S.M., Randler P.B., Greenfield E.J., Comas S.J. Carr M.A. & Alig R.J., 2010, Sustaining America’s urban trees and forests: a Forests on the Edge report. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-62. United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA.
Prasad K., Kumar A, Dubey P. & Mishra C.M., 2002, Significance and Use of Agro forestry system. Lab. to Land leaflet No. 10, 50 pp. (http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/0931-B5.HTM#P28_106), [accessed on 10th December 2019].
Pretty J.N., Morison J.I. & Hine R.E., 2003, Reducing food poverty by increasing agricultural sustainability in developing countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 95: 217–234.
Pretty J. & Bharucha Z.P., 2014, Sustainable intensification in agricultural systems. Annals of Botany 114: 1571–1596.
Reuters, 2018, Global temperatures on track for 3-5 degree rise by 2100: U.N. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-un/global-temperatures-on-track-for-3-5-degree-rise-by-2100-u-n-idUSKCN1NY186
Sachs J., Schmidt-Traub G., Kroll C., Lafortune G. & Fuller G., 2019, Sustainable development report 2019. Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), New York.
Schroth G., Fonseca G. & Harvey C., (eds.), 2004, Agroforestry and biodiversity conservation in tropical landscapes. Island Press, Washington, DC.
Schroth G., Krauss U., Gasparotto L., Duarte Aguilar J.A. & Vohland K., 2000, Pests and diseases in agroforestry systems of the humid tropics. Agroforestry Systems 50(3): 199-241. (https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006468103914).
SDG report, 2019, World Social Capital Monitor. http://commons.ch/wp- content/uploads/Synopsis_SDG_Reports_Goals_Allocation_2019.pdf
Shashua-Bar L., Pearlmutter D. & Erell E., 2009, The cooling efficiency of urban landscape strategies in a hot dry climate. Landscape and Urban Planning 92: 179-186.
Singh J.S., 2017, Environment: A futuristic view. Current Science 113(2): 25-2017. (doi: 10.18520/cs/v113/i02/210-217).
Swallow B., Boffa J-M. & Scherr S.J., 2005, The Potential for Agroforestry to Contribute to the Conservation and Enhancement of Landscape Biodiversity, [in:] R. Mitchell, M. Grayson (eds.), World Agroforestry and the Future. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Tscharntke T., Clough J., Bhagwat S., Buchori D., Faust H., Hertel D., Holscher D., Juhrbandt J., Kessler M., Perfecto I., Scherber C., Schroth G., Veldkamp E. & Wanger T.C., 2011, Multifunctional shade tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - A review. Journal of Applied Ecology 48(3): 619–629.
Tsioumani E., 2018, Report Shows Agroforestry’s Contribution to Several SDGs. http://sdg.iisd.org/news/report-shows-agroforestrys-contribution-to-several-sdgs/
Turner-Skoff J. & Cavender N., 2019, The benefits of trees for livable and sustainable communities. Plants, People, Planet. (https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.39).
United Nations, 2016, Urbanization and Development: World Cities Report 2016. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Nairobi. (http://wcr.unhabitat.org/main-report/).
van Noordwijk M., Duguma L.A., Dewi S., Leimona B., Catacutan D., Lusiana B., Öborn I., Hairiah K. & Minang P.A., 2018, SDG synergy between agriculture and forestry in the food, energy, water, and income nexus: reinventing agroforestry? Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 34: 33–42.
Waldron A., Justicia R. & Smith L., 2015, Making biodiversity friendly cocoa pay: Combining yield, certification, and REDD for shade management. Ecological Applications 25: 361–372.
Waldron A., Miller D.C., Redding D., Mooers A., Kuhn T.S., Nibbelink N., Roberts J.T., Tobias J.A. & Gittleman J.L., 2017, Reductions in global biodiversity loss predicted from conservation spending. Nature 551: 364–367. (doi: 10.1038/nature24295).
WCED, 1987, Our Common Future, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
WHO, 2010, Urban Planning, Environment and Health: From Evidence to Policy Action. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/114448/E93987.pdf?ua=1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 1102
Number of citations: 2