Survey of some attributes of post-agricultural lands in Polish State Forests
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EQ.2015.018Keywords
afforestation, post-agricultural soils, forests, Poland, Forest Data BankAbstract
Based on materials gained in March 2015 from the Forest Data Bank the survey of some attributes (forest address including Regional Directorate of State Forest (RDSF), area in hectares, soil unit, forest site type, dominant species in a forest stand and age of the dominant species in a stand) of post-agricultural lands occurring in Polish State Forests was conducted in the paper. Distribution of post-agricultural lands in Poland by RDSF as well as the structure of soil units, forest site types, dominant tree species and the age of the species was presented and analyzed in the article. Distribution of post-agricultural lands is not regular in regions of Poland as the highest share of such lands in the total area of State Forests was stated for a northern part of the country (RDSF in Szczecinek, Piła and Olsztyn) and the lowest for central-southern regions (RDSF in Katowice, Radom and Kraków). In spite Brunic Arenosols distinctly prevail in cover of post-agricultural lands occurring in State Forests (65.8%) the soil unit is not the dominant one in all regions of Poland. Namely, in RDSF located in mountainous and upland areas Cambisols and Luvisols predominate. In terms of forest site types structure, mesotrophic sites clearly prevail in post-agricultural lands as two forest site types (fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh mixed broadleaved forest) cover 62.4% of all such lands. In spite Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the main tree species overgrowing post-agricultural soils in Polish State Forests the share of the species in young plantations established in last two decades has clearly decreased. It has resulted from appearing since 1990s an increasing importance of ecologisation of forestry in Poland what has been reflected e.g. in a distinctly increase of a share of broadleaved species in young plantations introduced on post-agricultural lands in last decades. The trend has especially pertained oak species (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) of which much higher share was stated for the youngest analyzed age class (<20 years) of post-agricultural woodlands than for older forest stands.
References
Balcerkiewicz S., 2001, Ocena zgodności fitocenozy z biotopem z punktu widzenia botaniki [Assessment of compatibility between phytocoenosis and biotope from botanical point of view], [in:] R. Zielony (ed.), Zgodność fitocenozy z biotopem w ekosysyemach leśnych [Compatibility between phytocoenosis and biotope in forest ecosystems], Fund. Rozwój SGGW, Warszawa: 22-33.
Bednarek R. & Michalska M., 1998, Wpływ rolniczego użytkowania na morfologię i właściwości gleb rdzawych w okolicach Bachotka na Pojezierzu Brodnickim [Effect of agricultural use on morphology and properties of rusty soils in the surroundings of Bachotek Lake in the Brodnica Lakeland], Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Roln. 460: 487-497.
Bednarek R. & Prusinkiewicz Z., 1990, Geografia gleb [Soil geography], PWN, Warszawa.
Bernadzki Z., 1990, Koncepcje hodowli lasu na gruntach porolnych [Concepts of silviculture on post-agricultural lands], Sylwan 134: 51-59.
Biały K., 1999, Dowolność wyróżniania typów siedliskowych lasu i projektowania składów docelowych drzewostanów w obrębie gleb bielicoziemnych [Inconsistency in discrimination of forest site types and planning final species compositions in stands on podzolic soils], Sylwan 143: 65-72.
Biały K., 2008, Niedoskonałości typologii leśnej stosowanej w lasach niżowych Polski i ich ekologiczne skutki [Deficiencies of forest typology used for lowland Polish forests and their ecological consequences], [in:] S. Mazur, H. Tracz (eds), Zagrożenia ekosystemów leśnych przez człowieka. Rozpoznanie, monitoring, działanie [Anthropogenic hazards in forests. Recognition, monitoring, activity], Wyd. SGGW, Warszawa: 67-75.
Broda J., 2000, Historia leśnictwa w Polsce [History of forestry in Poland], Wyd. AR im. A. Cieszkowskiego w Poznaniu, Poznań.
D’Orangeville L., Bouchard A. & Cogliastro A., 2008, Post-agricultural forests: Landscape patterns add to stand-scale factors in causing insufficient hardwood regeneration, For. Ecol. Manage. 255: 1637–1646.
Flinn K.M. & Vellend M., 2005, Recovery of forest plant communities in post-agricultural landscapes. Frontiers in Ecol. and the Environment 3: 243–250.
Gorzelak A. (ed), 1999, Zalesianie gruntów porolnych [Afforestation of post-agricultural lands], Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Warszawa.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Leśnictwo 2014 [Central Statistical Office. Forestry 2014], Warszawa 2014.
Hagen-Thorn A., Callesen I., Armolaitis K. & Nihlgård B., 2004, The impact of six Euro-pean tree species on the chemistry of mineral topsoil in forest plantations on former ag-ricultural land, For. Ecol. Manage. 195: 373-384.
IUSS Working Group WRB. World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 2014, International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.
Jankowski M., 2014, Bielicowanie jako wtórny proces w glebach rdzawych Brodnickiego Parku Krajobrazowego [Podzolization as a secondary process in rusty soils of the Brodnica Landscape Park], [in:] M. Świtoniak, M. Jankowski, R. Bednarek (eds), Antropogeniczne przekształcenia pokrywy glebowej Brodnickiego Parku Krajobrazowego [Anthropogenic transformations of soil cover in the Brodnica Landscape Park], Wyd. Nauk. UMK, Toruń: 9-24.
Kaliszewski A., Wysocka-Fijorek E., Jabłoński M. & Młynarski W., 2014, Aktualizacja Krajowego Programu Zwiększania Lesistości. Synteza [Actualisation of the National Programme of Forest Cover Increase. Synthesis], IBL, Sękocin Stary.
Klasyfikacja gleb leśnych Polski [Classification of forest soils of Poland], 2000, CILP, Warszawa.
Łaska G., 2006, Tendencje dynamiczne zbiorowisk zastępczych w Puszczy Knyszyńskiej [Dynamic tendencies of the secondary communities in the Knyszyńska Forest], Bogucki Wyd. Nauk., Białystok-Poznań.
Łaska G., 2014, Ecological consequences of deforestation and afforestation on a post-arable land: Changes in the composition and structure of plant communities and transformations of oak-hornbeam habitats and soil. Ecological Questions 20: 9-21.
Maciaszek W. & Zwydak M., 1996a, Przekształcanie górskich gleb porolnych przez przed-plony sosnowe. Część I. Przemiany morfologii profilu i właściwości fizycznych gleb [Transformation of mountain postagricultural soils by pioneer pine stands. Part I. Changes in the profile morphology and physical properties of soils], Acta Agr. et Silv., ser. Silv. 34: 67-80.
Maciaszek W. & Zwydak M., 1996b, Przekształcanie górskich gleb porolnych przez przed-plony sosnowe. Część II. Przemiany właściwości chemicznych gleb [Transformation of mountain postagricultural soils by pioneer pine stands. Part II. Changes in the chemical properties of soils], Acta Agr. et Silv., ser. Silv. 34: 81-92.
Matuszkiewicz J.M., Kowalska A., Kozłowska A., Roo-Zielińska E. & Solon J., 2013, Differences in plant-species composition, richness and community structure in ancient and post-agricultural pine forests in central Poland, For. Ecol. Manage. 310: 567-576.
Mroziński P. & Modrzyński J., 2006, Właściwości gleby pod okapem czterech gatunków drzew leśnych po 30 latach od ich posadzenia na dwóch różnych siedliskach [Soil properties under the canopy of four forest tree species 30 years after planting on two different forest sites], Sylwan 105: 26-37.
Prevosto B., Dambrine E., Moares C. & Curt T., 2004, Effect of volcanic ash and former agri-cultural use on the soil and vegetation of naturally regenerated woodlands in the Massif Central, France, Catena 56: 239-261.
Rykowski K., 1990, Problemy ochrony lasu na gruntach porolnych [Problems of forest protection on afforested agricultural grounds], Sylwan 134: 75-88.
Sewerniak P., Sylwestrzak K., Bednarek R. & Gonet S., 2014, Gleby porolne w lasach [Post-agricultural soils in forests], [in:] M. Świtoniak, M. Jankowski, R. Bednarek (eds.), Antropogeniczne przekształcenia pokrywy glebowej Brodnickiego Parku Krajobrazowego [Anthropogenic transformations of a soil cover in the Brodnica Landscape Park], Wyd. Nauk. UMK, Toruń: 43-55.
Siedliskowe podstawy hodowli lasu [Forest site basics of silviculture], 2004, ORW LP w Bedoniu, Warszawa.
Smykała J., 1990, Historia, rozmiar i rozmieszczenie zalesień gruntów porolnych w Polsce w latach 1945-1987 [History, area and distribution of afforestation of post-agricultural lands in Poland in the years 1945-1987], Sylwan 134: 1-7.
Sobczak R., 1990, Teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty zakładania upraw i prowadzenia drzewo-stanów na gruntach porolnych [Theoretical and practical aspects of establishment of plantations and silvicultural proceeding in stands on post-agricultural lands], Sylwan 134: 61-74.
Szujecki A., 1990, Ekologiczne aspekty odtwarzania ekosystemów leśnych na gruntach porolnych [Ecological aspects of redevelopment of forest ecosystems on old farm land], Sylwan 134: 23-40.
Świtoniak M. & Bednarek R., 2014, Denudacja antropogeniczna [Anthropogenic denudation], [in:] M. Świtoniak, M. Jankowski, R. Bednarek (eds.), Antropogeniczne przekształcenia pokrywy glebowej Brodnickiego Parku Krajobrazowego [Anthropogenic transformations of a soil cover in the Brodnica Landscape Park], Wyd. Nauk. UMK, Toruń: 57-84.
Świtoniak M., Mroczek P. & Bednarek R., 2014, Luvisols or Cambisols? Micromorphological study of soil truncation in young morainic landscapes - Case study: Brodnica and Chełmno Lake Districts (North Poland), Catena (in press).
Zielony R., 2001, Uwarunkowania siedliskowe gospodarki leśnej u progu XXI wieku – zarys problem [Site conditions of forest management at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries – outline of the problem], [in:] R. Zielony (ed.), Zgodność fitocenozy z biotopem w ekosysyemach leśnych [Compatibility between phytocoenosis and biotope in forest ecosystems], Fund. Rozwój SGGW, Warszawa: 6-8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 642
Number of citations: 3
