Key factors influencing tree planting decision of farmers on farm land: A case study in Malakand, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EQ.2024.037Abstract
In order to cope with forest degradation and deforestation, farm forestry is a new tool for plantation purposes that combat these issues. Planting trees on farmlands is the most practical and viable approach given in the current situation in Pakistan for recovering the degraded forest lands, ensuring the sustainable use of marginal areas, and satisfying the rural requirements for the benefits of trees, both economically and non-economically. Therefore a socio-economic study of farmers in relation to tree planting is very important, to understand farmers perception about farm trees growing. In this study a total of 120 households were surveyed and interviewed in district Malakand for factor affecting farm tree planting decision. The result of step wise binary logistics regression analysis indicated that the factors including: Education level, Attitude of tree planting and silviculture knowledge were significantly influenced on tree planting decision of household in the study area. The total household income for planter was significantly higher than non-planter. The study result may provide the basis for proposing solution for future to strengthen trees planting decision for plantation, with the intention of promoting household engagement and attract farmers towards plantation activities in the study area.
References
Akbar G., Baig M. & Asif M., 2000, Social aspects in launching successful agroforestry projects in developing countries. Science Vision 5: 52-58.
Amaza P. & Tashikalma A., 2003, Technical efficiency of groundnuts in Adamawa State, Nigeria. J Arid Agric 13: 127-1311.
Angelsen A. & Wunder S., 2003, Exploring the forest-poverty link. CIFOR occasional paper 40: 1-20.
Anwar F., Jamil M., Fahad S. & Khan A., 2017, Role of agroforestry in wood production and farmer’s perception in Pakistan: a review. Am-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 17(4): 300-306.
Arnold J., 1996, Economic factors in farmer adoption of forest product activities, [in:] Domestication and commercialization of non-timber forest products in agroforestry systems, p. 131-146.
Arnold J. & Dewees P.A., 1998, Rethinking approaches to tree management by farmers. Natural Resources Perspectives 26.
Arnold J.M., 2001, Forestry, poverty and aid. JSTOR.
Arnold J.M. & Dewees P.A., 2014, Farms, Trees and Farmers. Responses to agricultural intensification. Routledge.
Brace N., Kemp R. & Snelgar R., 2006, SPSS for psychologists: A guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Byron N., 2001, Keys to smallholder forestry. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 11(4): 279-294.
Cossalter C. & Pye-Smith C., 2003, Fast-wood forestry: myths and realities (Vol. 1). CIFOR.
Dewees P.A. & Saxena N., 2014, Tree planting and household land and labour allocation: case studies from Kenya and India, [in:] Farms Trees and Farmers, p. 242-268. Routledge.
Dewees S., 1997, Tree planting and household land and labour allocation: case studies from Kenya and India, [in:] Arnold M., Dewees P.A. (eds.), Farms, trees and farmers: responses to agricultural intensification, p. 242-270. Earthscan, London.
Dinh H.H., Nguyen T.T., Hoang V.-N. & Wilson C., 2017, Economic incentive and factors affecting tree planting of rural households: Evidence from the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Journal of Forest Economics 29: 14-24.
Dove M., 1995, The shift of tree cover from forests to farms in Pakistan: A long and broad view, [in:] Arnold J.E.M. and Dewees P.A. (eds.), Tree Management in Farmer Strategies: Responses to Agricultural Intensification. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Dove M.R., 2003, Bitter shade: throwing light on politics and ecology in contemporary Pakistan. Human Organization 62(3): 229-241.
Emtage N. & Suh J., 2004, Socio-economic factors affecting smallholder tree planting and management intentions in Leyte Province, Philippines. Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy 3: 257-270.
Etongo D., Djenontin I.N.S., Kanninen M. & Fobissie K., 2015, Smallholders’ tree planting activity in the ziro province, southern Burkina Faso: impacts on livelihood and policy implications. Forests 6(8): 2655-2677.
Evans J., 1992, Plantation forestry in the tropics: tree planting for industrial, social, environmental, and agroforestry purposes. Oxford University Press, USA.
FAO, 2001, Global Forest Resources Assessment 2001 and UNEP Global Biodiversity outlook.
Foundjem-Tita D., Tchoundjeu Z., Speelman S., D’Haese M., Degrande A., Asaah E., Van Huylenbroeck G., Van Damme P. & Ndoye O., 2013, Policy and legal frameworks governing trees: incentives or disincentives for smallholder tree planting decisions in Cameroon? Small-scale Forestry 12: 489-505.
Gessesse B., Bewket W. & Bräuning A., 2016, Determinants of farmers' tree-planting investment decisions as a degraded landscape management strategy in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Solid Earth 7(2): 639-650.
Haji M., 2017, Agriculture statistics report. Agriculture Department, Dargai, Pakistan.
Ho R., 2006, Handbook of univariate and multivariate data analysis and interpretation with SPSS. CRC Press.
Hyman E.L., 1983, Loan financing of smallholder treefarming in the provinces of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, the Philippines. Agroforestry Systems 1: 225-243.
Iqbal M., Khan S.M., Khan M.A., Ahmad Z., Abbas Z., Khan S.M. & Khan M.S., 2017, Distribution pattern and species richness of natural weeds of wheat in varying habitat conditions of district Malakand, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot. 49(6): 2371-2382.
Jamala G., Shehu H., Yidau J. & Joel L., 2013, Factors influencing adoption of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Toungo, Southeastern, Adamawa State, Nigeria. IOSR J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol. 6: 66-72.
Kaimowitz D., 2003, Not by bread alone… forests and rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa [in:] Oksanen T, Pajari B., Tuomasjukka T. (eds.), Forests in poverty reduction strategies: capturing the potential, p. 45-64. http://www.efi.fi/publications/Proceedings/
Khan A., Morgan G. & Sofranko A.J., 2011, A study of the farmers in N.W.F.P. Journal of Rural Development and Administration 22(1): 38-58.
Le H.D., Smith C. & Herbohn J., 2014, What drives the success of reforestation projects in tropical developing countries? The case of the Philippines. Global Environmental Change 24: 334-348.
Le H.D., Tran T.M. A. & Thanh Pham H., 2021, Key factors influencing forest tree planting decisions of households: A case study in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 30(1): 57-73.
Luttrell C., Obidzinski K., Brockhaus M., Muharrom E., Petkova E., Wardell A. & Halperin J., 2011, Lessons for REDD+ from measures to control illegal logging in Indonesia (Vol. 74). CIFOR.
Mahapatra A. & Mitchell C., 2001, Classifying tree planters and non planters in a subsistence farming system using a discriminant analytical approach. Agroforestry Systems 52: 41-52.
Malik W.H., 1989, Social dimensions in agroforestry. Progressive Farming 9: 51-55.
Meijer S.S., Catacutan D., Ajayi O.C., Sileshi G.W. & Nieuwenhuis M., 2015, The role of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions in the uptake of agricultural and agroforestry innovations among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 13(1): 40-54.
Mercer D.E., 2004, Adoption of agroforestry innovations in the tropics: a review. Agroforestry Systems 61: 311-328.
Nair P.K.R. & Dagar J.C., 1991, An approach to developing methodologies for evaluating agroforestry systems in India. Agrofor Syst 16: 55-81. doi:10.1007/BF00053197
Nambiar E.S., 2008, Site management and productivity in tropical plantation forests: Proceedings of Workshops in Piracicaba (Brazil) 22-26 November 2004 and Bogor (Indonesia), 6-9 November 2006. CIFOR.
Nibbering J., 1999, Tree planting on deforested farmlands, Sewu Hills, Java, Indonesia: Impact of economic and institutional changes. Agroforestry Systems 46(1): 65-82.
NSW, 2003, Forestry Strategy for New South Wales Agriculture Department. https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/3085324
Obidzinski K. & Dermawan A., 2010, Smallholder timber plantation development in Indonesia: what is preventing progress? International Forestry Review 12(4): 339-348.
Pakistan Economic Survey, 2004, Ministry of Finance. Economic. Division, Islamabad.
Pattanayak S.K., Evan Mercer D., Sills E. & Yang J.-C., 2003, Taking stock of agroforestry adoption studies. Agroforestry Systems 57: 173-186.
Pervaiz U., 2009, An Investigation in to the Causes of Slow Diffusion of Tube Well Irrigation Technology in NWFP-Pakistan. Doctoral dissertation, Agricultural University, Peshawar.
Salam M., Noguchi T. & Koike M., 2000, Understanding why farmers plant trees in the homestead agroforestry in Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems 50: 77-93.
Scherr S., 2004, Building opportunities for small-farm agroforestry to supply domestic wood markets in developing countries. Agroforestry Systems 61(1-3): 357-370.
Scherr S.J., 1995, Economic factors in farmer adoption of agroforestry: patterns observed in Western Kenya. World Development 23(5): 787-804.
Scherr S.J., 1997, Meeting household needs: farmer tree-growing strategies in western Kenya. Farms, Trees & Farmers. Responses to agricultural intensification, p. 141-173. Routledge.
Schmidt R.C., Berry J.K. & Gordon J.C., 1999, Forests to fight poverty: creating national strategies. Yale University Press.
Simmons C.S., Walker R.T. & Wood C.H., 2002, Tree planting by small producers in the tropics: a comparative study of Brazil and Panama. Agroforestry Systems 56: 89-105.
Sinclair W., 1999, A utilitarian approach to the incorporation of local knowledge in agroforestry research and extension, [in:] Buck L.K., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (eds.) Agroforestry in sustainable agriculture systems, p 245-275. CRC Press, LLC, USA.
Singh R.P.R. Kumar & Singh N.P., 2006, Adoption of new technology and its impact on livelihood security of resource poor farmers. www.uncapsa.org/rupsec/rupescubstract2
Song Y., Wang G., Burch Jr, W. R. & Rechlin M.A., 2004, From innovation to adaptation: lessons from 20 years of the SHIFT forest management system in Sanming, China. Forest Ecology and Management 191(1-3): 225-238.
Summers P.M., Browder J.O. & Pedlowski M.A., 2004, Tropical forest management and silvicultural practices by small farmers in the Brazilian Amazon: recent farm-level evidence from Rondônia. Forest Ecology and Management 192(2-3): 161-177.
Tabachnick B.G. & Fidell L.S., 2007, Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. Using multivariate statistics 3: 402-407.
Tengnäs B., 1994, Agroforestry extension manual for Kenya. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi.
Thacher T., Lee D.R. & Schelhas J.W., 1996, Farmer participation in reforestation incentive programs in Costa Rica. Agroforestry Systems 35: 269-289.
Walker R. & Homma A.K.O., 1996, Land use and land cover dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon: an overview. Ecological Economics 18(1): 67-80.
Walters B.B., Sabogal C., Snook L.K. & de Almeida E., 2005, Constraints and opportunities for better silvicultural practice in tropical forestry: an interdisciplinary approach. Forest Ecology and Management 209(1-2): 3-18.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pervez Khan, Manh Hung Bui, Dinh Hai Le, Sohail Ahmad, Faisal Khan, Sajjad Ullah, Adnan Ahmad, Lee Shiou Yih
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 370
Number of citations: 0