Quantitative documentation of traditionally used medicinal plants and their significance to healthcare among the Mishing community of Northeast India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EQ.2021.034Keywords
Traditional medicine, Ethnobotany, Assam, Mishing, Quantitative analysisAbstract
Mishing community is one of the major tribal communities residing in Northeastern India. They have adapted their lifestyle with one of the adverse conditions and their reliance on plants for food and medicine is widely prevalent. This article presents an explorative ethnobotanical survey on documentation of plants used by the Mishing community of Assam in treating the common ailments as well as their mode of preparation and administration. Research was conducted in eight villages from four districts of Assam. Various participatory interaction methods, group discussions and semi-structured questionnaires were conducted with a total of 80 respondents. Plant importance analysis was done using four quantitative indices (Use value, Use report, Informant consensus factor and Fidelty level). In total, 153 plants under 126 genera and 62 families are recorded. Fabaceae (11 spp.) was the most dominant family and Clerodendrum and Solanum (5 spp. each) were the most dominant genera. The highest use values were recorded for Musa balbisiana (0.087) followed by Paederia foetida (0.075). Kidney stone has the highest Informant Consensus Factor value of 0.97 with 74 use reports for 3 species. A total of 7 species were found to have ≥ 90% Fidelty Level and Cissus quadrangularis recorded the highest value, i.e. 93.7% FL for treating bone fracture with 75 use reports. In addition, a review of ethnomedicinal plants published in earlier literature for the community is presented, and 77 plants are reported as new ethnomedicinal records for the community. A list of bioactive compounds found in the presently reported plants is also listed. Though modern health facilities have gained pace in the developing countries like India, traditional medicine still co-exists with tribal communities as these are the nearest and reliable forms of treatment in Assam, exemplified by the high degree of reliance on it.
References
Abdellaoui S., Destandau E., Toribio A., Elfakir C., Lafosse M., Renimel I. & Landemarre L., 2010, Bioactive molecules in Kalanchoe pinnata leaves: extraction, purification, and identification. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 398(3): 1329–1338.
Abeysinghe D.C., Wijerathne S.M.N.K. & Dharmadasa R.M., 2014, Secondary Metabolites Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Acmella, Oleraceae Grown under Different Growing Systems. World Journal of Agricultural Research 2(4): 163–167.
Adelowo F. & Oladeji O., 2017, An overview of the phytochemical analysis of bioactive compounds in Sennaalata. American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 5: 102–109.
Ajila C., Naidu K., Bhat S. & Rao U., 2007, Bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of mango peel extract. Food Chemistry 105(3): 982–988. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.04.052
Albuquerque U.P., Lucena R.F.P., Monteiro J.M., Florentino A.T.N. & Almeida C.F.C.B.R., 2006, Evaluating two quantitative ethnobotanical techniques. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 4: 51–60.
Alexiades M.N. & Sheldon J.W., 1996, Selected guidelines for ethnobotanical research: a field manual. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Apriasari M.L. & Iskandar S.E., 2014, Bioactive compound and antioxidant activity of methanol extract Mauli bananas (Musa sp.) stem. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics 4: 110–115.
Aruna K., Rajeswari P.D.R., Prabu K., Ramkumar M., Chidambaram R. & Sankar R.S., 2014, Quantitative phytochemical analysis of Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae). World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3(5): 711–716.
Aruoma O.I., Spencer J.P.E., Warren D., Jenner P., Butler J. & Halliwell B., 1997, Characterization of food antioxidants, illustrated using commercial garlic and ginger preparations. Food Chemistry 60(2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(95)00254-5
Asha V. & Kumar A.A., 2015, Phytochemical investigations, extraction and thin layer chromatography of Acorus calamus Linn. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences 3(4): 18–22.
Audu B.S., Ofojekwu P.C., Ujah A. & Ajima M.N.O., 2014, Phytochemical, proximate composition, amino acid profile and characterization of Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) The Journal of Phytopharmacology 3(1): 35–43.
Ayaz M., Ahmad I., Sadiq A., Ullah F., Ovais M., Khalil A.T. & Devkota H.P., 2019, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological and toxicological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 6: 251. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112516
Bahorun T., Neergheen V.S. & Aruoma O.I., 2005, Phytochemical constituents of Cassia fistula. African Journal of Biotechnology 4(13): 1530–1540.
Bakht J., Panni M.K. & Shafi M., 2017, Antimicrobial potential and phyto chemical analysis of different solvent extracted samples of Viola pilosa. Pakistan Journal of Botany 49(4): 1485–1489.
Banno N., Akihisa T., Tokuda H., Yasukawa K., Higashihara H., Ukiya M. & Nishino H., 2004, Triterpene acids from the leaves of Perilla frutescens and their anti-inflammatory and antitumor-promoting effects. Biosciences Biotechnology Biochemistry 68(1): 85–90.
Baruah M. & Kalita D., 2007, Ethnomedicine used by Mishings tribes of Dibrugarh district, Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 6(4): 595–598.
Behar N., Tiwari K.L. & Jadhav S.K., 2013, Comparative phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds in Curcuma caesia Roxb.and Curcuma longa. Research Journal Medicinal Plants 7: 113–118.
Berkov S., Doncheva T., Philipov S. & Alexandrov K., 2005, Ontogenetic variation of the tropane alkaloids in Datura stramonium. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, Elsevier, 33(10): 1017–1029.
Bhuyan M., 2015, Traditional health care practice in a mishing society: a study on ethnomedicine. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1(4): 73–77.
Bibi T., Ahmad M., Tareen B.R., Tareen M.N., Jabeen R., Rehman U.S., Sultanaa S., Zafara M. & Yaseena G., 2014, Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in district Mastung of Balochistan province Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 157: 79–89.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.042
Bodoira R., Velez A., Andreatta A.E., Martínez M. & Maestri D., 2017, Extraction of bioactive compounds from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) defatted seeds using water and ethanol under sub-critical conditions. Food Chemistry 237: 114–120.
Borah D., Tangjang S., Das A.P., Upadhaya A. & Mipun P., 2020, Assessment of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Behali Reserve Forest, Assam, Northeast India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 19(43): 1–15.
Borah S., Das A.K., Saikia D. & Borah J., 2009, A note on the use of ethnomedicine in treatment of diabetes by mishing communities in Assam, India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 1348–1352.
Borowski J., Szajdek A., Borowska E.J., Ciska E. & Zieliński H., 2008, Content of selected bioactive components and antioxidant properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.). European Food Research and Technology 226: 459–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0557-9
Chakraborty R., Biplab D., Devanna N. & Sen S., 2012, Anti-inflammatory, ant nociceptive and antioxidant activities of Phyllanthus acidus L. extracts. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicines 2(2): 953–961.
Chanu W.S. & Sarangthem K., 2014, Phytochemical constituents of Justicia adhatoda L. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences 3(2): 19–21.
Chatha S.A.S., Hussain A.I., Asad R., Majeed M. & Aslam N., 2014, Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Properties of Terminalia arjuna L. Extracts. Journal of Food Processing & Technology 5(2): 1–5. doi:10.4172/2157-7110.1000298
Chavan Y. & Singhal R.S., 2013, Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactives from areca nut (Areca catechu L.) and optimization study using response surface methodology. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technology 17: 106–113.
Chen J.H. & Jiang R.L., 1980, Morphological and histological studies on Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees. and comparison with four other Acanthaceae herbs (author's transl). Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 15(12): 750–760.
Cherdtrakulkiat R., Boonpangrak S., Pingaew R., Prachayasittikul S., Ruchirawat S. & Prachayasittikul V., 2015, Bioactive triterpenoids, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Eclipta prostrata Linn. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(3): 46–50.
Chew A.L., Jessica J.J.A. & Sasidharan S., 2012, Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of different parts of Leucas aspera. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(3): 176–180.
Chopra R.N., Nayar S.L. & Chopra I.C., 1986, Glossary of Indian medicinal plants (Including the supplement). CSIR, New Delhi.
Das A., Chaudhuri D., Ghate N.B., Chatterjee A. & Mandal N., 2013, Comparative assessment of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. leaf from North-East India. International Journal of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(4): 420–427.
Das K. & Hazarika M., 2015, Study of diversity of ethnobotanical plants used by the Mishing tribes of Golaghat district, Assam and their conservation. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 6(7): 4992–4998.
Dey P., Dutta S. & Chaudhuri T.K., 2015, Comparative phytochemical profiling of Clerodendrum infortunatum L. using GC-MS method coupled with multivariate statistical approaches. Metabolomics 5: 147.
Dhar S., 2014, Socio-Economic and Demographic status of Assam: A comparative analysis of Assam with India. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1(3): 108–117.
Doley P., 2014, Changing cultural practices among the rural and urban mishing tribe of Assam, India. International Organization of Scientific Research - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19(11): 26–31.
Dutta G., Baruah G. & Devi A., 2016, Wild food plants of Mishing tribe - An ethnobotanical survey. Tropical Plant Research 3(1): 221–223.
Elekofehinti O.O., Kamdem J.P., Bolingon A.A., Athayde M.L., Lopes S.R., Waczuk E.P. & Rocha J.B.T., 2013, African eggplant (Solanum anguivi Lam.) fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 3(10): 757–766.
Ferreira P.M.P., Farias D.F., Oliveira J.T. de A. & Carvalho A. de F.U., 2008, Moringa oleifera: Bioactive compounds and nutritional potential. Rev Nutr. 21(4): 431–437.
Freitas A., Moldão-Martins M., Costa H.S., Albuquerque T.G., Valente A. & Sanches-Silva A., 2014, Effect of UV-C radiation on bioactive compounds of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) by-products. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95(1): 44–52.
Friedman J., Yaniv Z., Dafni A. & Palewitch D., 1986, A preliminary classification of the healing potential of medicinal plants, based on a rational analysis of an ethnopharmacological field survey among Bedouins in the Negev Desert, Israel. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 16: 275–287.
Fuentes-Alventosa J.M., Jaramillo-Carmona S., Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G., Guillén-Bejarano R., Jiménez-Araujo A., Fernández-Bolaños J. & Rodríguez-Arcos R., 2013, Preparation of bioactive extracts from asparagus by-product. Food and Bioproducts Processing 91(2): 74–82. doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2012.12.004
Gandhi D. & Mehta P., 2013, Dillenia indica Linn. and Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.: Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Therapeutic aspects. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 3(11): 134-142.
Ganesan P., Phaiphan A., Murugan Y. & Baharin B.S., 2013, Comparative study of bioactive compounds in curry and coriander leaves: An update. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 5(11): 590-594.
Gam N.K. & Gam J., 2012, Studies on some wild plant species used by the Mising (Miri) tribe of Assam in their traditional food items. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research 3(12): 543–547.
Gam N.K., 2013, Ethno medicinal claims existing among Mising tribes of Assam. International Journal of Science Inventions Today 2(4): 284–291.
Gill N.S., Kaur R., Arora R. & Bali M., 2012, Phytochemical Investigation of Caesalpinia crista seed extract for their therapeutic potential. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants 6(1): 100–107.
Girish T.K., Pratape V.M. & Prasada Rao U.J.S., 2012, Nutrient distribution, phenolic acid composition, antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and its milled by-products. Food Research International 46(1): 370–377.
Gogoi G. & Das A.K., 2016, Ethnomedicobotany and phytochemical screening of Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch.–Ham from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Bioresources 3(1): 1–8.
Gogoi R. & Gogoi M., 2010, A quantitative study of ethnobotanical knowledge distribution of North-east India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 1(2): 92–97.
González-Molina E., Domínguez-Perles R., Moreno D.A. & García-Viguera C., 2010, Natural bioactive compounds of Citrus limon for food and health. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 51(2): 327–345. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.027
Gopinath S.M., Rakesh C.K., Patil G.M.A. & Dayananda K.S., 2012, Preliminary Phytochemical Evaluation of Leaf Extracts of Euphorbia hirta, Syzygium cumini Siddarabetta, Tumkur District, Karnataka. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 3(2): 431–435.
Gulfraz M., Imran M., Khadam S., Ahmed D., Asad M.J., Abassi K.S., Irfan M. & Mehmood S., 2014, A comparative study of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of garlic (Allium sativum L.) extracts in various localities of Pakistan. African Journal of Plant Science 8(6): 298–306.
Gupta D., Mann S., Sood A. & Gupta R.K., 2011, Phytochemical, nutritional and antioxidant activity evaluation of seeds of jackfruit (Artocarpous heterolphyllus Lam.). International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2(4): 336–345.
Hansepi P. & Teron R., 2018, Eschewing poisons: An Ingenious wisdom of foraging macrofungi by Karbi ethnic group in North East India. Current Science 115(7): 1328–1333.
Haouas D., Cioni P.L., Flamini G., Halima-Kamel M.B. & Hamouda M.H.B., 2016, Variation of chemical composition in flowers and leaves essential oils among natural population of Tunisian Glebionis coronaria (L.) Tzvelev (Asteraceae). Chemistry & Biodiversity 13: 1251–1261.
Hausen B.M., 1993, Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort), an effective therapeutic but a weak sensitizer. Contact Dermatitis 29(4): 175–179. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03532.x
Hazarika P. & Pandey B.K., 2010, Traditional phyto-remedies for worm infestations of two important tribal communities of Assam, India. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines 5(1): 32–39.
Hervert-Hernández D., Sáyago-Ayerdi S.G. & Goñi I., 2010, Bioactive Compounds of Four Hot Pepper Varieties (Capsicum annuum L.), Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Bioaccessibility. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58(6): 3399–3406. doi:10.1021/jf904220w
Hossain U. & Rahman O.M., 2018, Ethnobotanical uses and informant consensus factor of medicinal plants in Barisal District, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 25(2): 241–255.
Hu J., Shi X., Mao X., Chen J., Zhu L. & Zhao Q., 2013, Antinociceptive activity of Rhoifoline A from the ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum nitidum in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 150(3): 828–834.
Ishak A.H., Shafie N.H., Esa N.M., Bahari H. & Ismail A., 2018, From weed to medicinal plant: antioxidant capacities and phytochemicals of various extracts of Mikania micrantha. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 20: 561–568.
Islam M.T., Ibrahim M., Ahsan M.Q., Chowdhury M.M.U., Hossain M.A. & Rashid M.A., 2012, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Uraria lagopodies DC. and Urena lobata L. Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 11(1): 65–69.
Ismail L.D., el-Azizi M.M., Khalifa T.I. & Stermitz F.R., 1996, Iridoid glycosides from Thunbergia grandiflora. Phytochemistry 42: 1223–1225.
Jain P., Hossain R.K., Mishu T.R. & Reza H.M., 2013, Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Spondias pinnata Kurz. leaves. European Journal of Medical Physics 4(2): 183–195.
Jain S.K. & Rao R.R., 1977, A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. Today and Tomorrow Printers and Publishers, New Delhi.
Jain V., Momin M. & Laddha K., 2012, Murraya koenigii: an updated review. International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2(4): 607–627.
Jeyasree J., Jenifer S., Priya S., Sukumaran V. & Laveena D.K., 2014, HPLC spectral analysis of phytochemicals in Solanum nigrum L. and target protein identification. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3(12): 1182–1192.
Joaquim M., Novoa A.V., Linares A.F., Lajolo F.M. & Genovese M.I., 2006, Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics Compounds from Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Juice. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 61: 187–192.
Joseph B. & Raj S.J., 2010, Phytopharmacological properties of Ficus racemosa Linn. - an overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 3(2): 134–138.
Joseph K.S., Dandin V.S. & Murthy H.N., 2016, Chemistry and Biological Activity of Garcinia xanthochymus: A Review. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature 6(3): 173–194.
Kalita H, Boruah D.C., Deori M., Hazarika A., Sarma R., Kumari S. & Devi R., 2016, Antidiabetic and Antilipidemic Effect of Musa balbisiana Root Extract: A Potent Agent for Glucose Homeostasis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat. Frontiers in Pharmacology 7: 102.
Kamboj A. & Saluja A.K., 2011, Isolation of stigmasterol and B-sitosterol from petroleum ether extract of aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3(1): 94–96.
Kanchanapoom T., Chumsri P., Kasai R., Otsuka H. & Yamasaki K., 2005, Note: A new iridoidiglycoside from Clerodendrum chinense. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 7(3): 269–272.
Kanjilal U.N., Kanjilal P.C., Das A., & Purkayastha C., 1939, Flora of Assam. Government of Assam, Shillong.
Kankanamge S.U. & Amarathunga A.A.M.D.D.N., 2017, Phytochemical and ethno-pharmacological properties of Lasia spinosa (kohila): A review. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 6(13): 1–9.
Kankeaw U. & Masong M., 2015, The antioxidant activity from hydroquinone derivatives by the synthesis of Cinnamomium verum J. Presl bark’s extracted. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 6: 91–94.
Kaur C., Nagal S., Nishad J., Kumar R. & Sarika, 2014, Evaluating eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes for bioactive properties: A chemometric approach. Food Research 60: 205–211.
Khyade M.S., Kasote D.M. & Vaikos N.P., 2014, Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. and Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don: A comparative review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 153(1): 1–18.
Kim H. & Song M.J., 2013, Ethnomedicinal practices for treating liver disorders of local communities in the southern regions of Korea. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/869176
Ko K., Juntarajumnong W. & Chandrapatya A., 2010, Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils from Fruits of Litsea salicifolia Roxb. ex Wall. Against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 42(5): 551–557.
Kraus W., 1995, Biologically Active Ingredients: Section 2.1., [in:] H Schmutterer (ed.), The Neem Tree: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Other Meliaceous Plants, VerlagsgesellschaftmbH, Weinheim, p. 35-74. doi:10.1002/3527603980.ch2a
Kutum A., Sarmah R. & Hazarika D., 2011, An ethnobotanical study of Mishing tribe living in fringe villages of Kaziranga National Park of Assam, India. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences 1(4): 45–61.
Latha M., Ramkumar K.M., Pari L., Damodaran P.N., Rajeshkannan V. & Suresh T., 2006, Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of an antidiabetic plant: Scoparia dulcis L. Journal of Medicinal Food 9(3): 391–394.
Li C.R., Hu H., Li X., Zhang P., Xu Y., Yang J. & Wang Y., 2014, Essential oils composition and bioactivities of two species leaves used as packaging materials in Xishuangbanna. Food Control 51: 9–14.
Liang M., Zhang W., Hu J., Liu R. & Zhang C., 2006, Simultaneous analysis of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum by high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 42(2): 178–183.
Lima E.B.C., Sousa C.N.S., Meneses L.N., Ximenes N.C., Santos Júnior M.A., Vasconcelos G.S. & Vasconcelos S.M.M., 2015, Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 48(11): 953–964.
Mahadkar S., Valvi S. & Jadhav V., 2013, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopic (GCMS) analysis of some bioactive compounds form five medicinally relevant wild edible plants. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 6(1): 136–139.
Mahomooodally M.F., 2013, Traditional Medicines in Africa: An appraisal of ten potent african medicinal plants. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/617459
Maisarah A.M., Asmah R. & Fauziah O., 2014, Proximate Analysis, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Different Parts of Carica papaya. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences 4: 267.
Maity P., Hansda D., Bandyopadhyay U. & Mishra D.K., 2009, Biological activities of crude extracts and chemical constituents of Bael, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47(11): 849–861.
Makhija I.K., Sharma I.P. & Khamar D., 2010, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological properties of Ficus religiosa: an overview. Annals of Biological Research 1(4): 171–180.
Martin G.J., 1995, Ethnobotany: a methods manual. Earthscan, London.
Mehrotra E., Vishwakarma J., Tripathi A.C., Sonar P.K. & Saraf S.K., 2017, Schizonticidal antimalarial sesquiterpene lactones from Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre: microwave-assisted extraction, HPTLC fingerprinting and computational studies. Natural Product Research 33(4): 568–572.
Meng J., Leung K.S.Y., Dong X., Zhou Y., Jiang Z. & Zhao Z., 2009, Simultaneous quantification of eight bioactive components of Houttuynia cordata and related Saururaceae medicinal plants by on-line high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–electrospray mass spectrometry. Fitoterapia 80(8): 468–474.
Mipun P., Bhat N.A., Borah D. & Kumar Y., 2019, Non-timber forest products and their contribution to healthcare and livelihood security among the Karbi tribe in Northeast India. Ecological Processes 8: 41.
Mipun P. & Kumar Y., 2020, Quantitative ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plant Geophila repens (L.) I.M.Johnst. (Rubiaceae) used by the Karbi Indigenous group in Assam India. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi, India, p. 145–151.
Mishra M., Kotwal P.C. & Prasad C., 2009, Harvesting of medicinal plants in the forest of Central India and its impact on quality of raw materials: A case of Nagpur District, India. Ecoprint, an International Journal of Ecology 16: 35–42.
Mohammed G.J., Omran A.M. & Hussein H.M., 2016, Antibacterial and Phytochemical Analysis of Piper nigrum using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrum and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(6): 977–996.
Momoh A.O., Oladunmoye M.K. & Adebolu T.T., 2012, Evaluation of the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of oil from castor seeds (Ricinus communis Linn). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences 1: 21–27.
Muhammad A.A., Pauzi N.A.S., Arulselvan P., Abas F. & Fakurazi S., 2013, In vitro wound healing potential and identification of bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera Lam. BioMed Research International 2013: 974580. doi: 10.1155/2013/974580.
Namsa N.D., Mandal M., Tangjang S. & Mandal S.C., 2011, Ethnobotany of the Monpa ethnic group at Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7: 31.
Narzary H., Islary A. & Basumatary S., 2017, Phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of eleven wild edible plants from Assam, India. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 9(3): 191–201. doi:10.3233/mnm-16116
Nemkul C.M., Bajracharya G.B. & Shrestha I., 2019, Phytochemical Evaluation and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Roots of Flemingia strobilifera (L.) R. Br. International Journal of Plant Research 7(1): 98–103.
Nirmala C, Bisht M.S. & Laishram M., 2014, Bioactive compounds in bamboo shoots: health benefits and prospects for developing functional foods. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 49(6): 1425–1431. doi:10.1111/ijfs.12470
Nithyadevi J. & Sivakumar R., 2015, Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS, FT-IR Analysis of Methanolic Extract Leaves of Solanum torvum Sw. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences 3(9): 61–66.
Nono N.R., Nzowa K.L., Barboni L. & Tapondjou A.L., 2014, Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae): Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry. Advances in Biological Chemistry 4: 160–167.
Nwali B.U., Okaka A.N., Ibiam U.A. & Aja P.M., 2012, Phytochemical composition of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves. International Journal of Advanced Biological Research 2(4): 614–616.
Ong G.H. & Kim D.Y., 2014, Quantitative ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plants used by the Ati Negrito indigenous group in Guimaras island, Philippines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 157: 228–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.015
Oskoueian E., Abdullah N., Ahmad S., Saad W.Z., Omar A.R. & Ho Y.W., 2011, Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Jatropha curcas L. Kernel Meal Extract. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12: 5955–5970.
Palla R., Elumalai A., Eswaraiah M.C. & Kasarla R., 2012, A review on Krishna Tulsi, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 3(2): 291–293.
Pamila U.A. & Karpagam S., 2018, A Comparative Study on Phytoconstituents of three different species of genus Alternanthera. International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies 5(6): 52–54.
Pamunuwa G., Karunaratne D.N. & Waisundara V.Y., 2016, Antidiabetic properties, bioactive constituents, and other therapeutic effects of Scoparia dulcis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2016): 1–11. doi: 10.1155/2016/8243215
Pan S.Y., Litscher G., Gao S.H., Zhou S.F., Yu Z.L., Chen H.Q., Zhang S.F., Tang M.K., Sun J.N. & Ko K.M., 2014, Historical Perspective of Traditional Indigenous Medical Practices: The Current Renaissance and Conservation of Herbal Resources. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/525340
Pandey A, Singh S., Singh R., Mavinkurve R.G., 2015, Use of indigenous plants in Traditional health care systems and economic use by Mishing tribe of Jorhat, Assam, India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(8): 1277–1289.
Pandey R.K. & Saini S.K., 2007, Edible plants of tropical forests among tribal communities of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 6(1): 185–190.
Panging S.M. & Sharma S., 2017, Studies on ethnomedicinal and traditional healing practices among Mishing community of Desangmukh Gaon Panchayat, Sivasagar district of Assam, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 5(4): 193–196.
Patil J.R., 2009, Studies on isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds in lime Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle], their antioxidant and anticancer properties. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 110 pp.
Pegu I., 2013, Religious beliefs and practices of the Mishings of Assam. Department of History. Gauhati University, 240 pp.
Petropoulos S.A, Levizou E., Ntatsi G., Fernandes A., Petrotos K., Akoumianakis K., Barros L. & Ferreira I.C.F.R., 2017, Salinity effect on nutritional value, chemical composition and bioactive compounds content of Cichorium spinosum L. Food Chemistry 214: 129–136.
Phillips O.L.B. & Gentry A.H., 1993, The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru. II: additional hypothesis testing in quantitative ethno-botany. Economic Botany 47: 32–43.
Phukhatmuen P., Raksat A., Laphookhieo S., Charoensup R., Duangyod T. & Maneerat W., 2020, Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antidiabetic compounds from Garcinia cowa leaf extract. Heliyon 6(4): 603–625.
Pieroni A., 2001, Evaluation of the cultural significance of wild food botanicals traditionally consumed in Northwestern Tuscany, Italy. Journal of Ethnobiology 21: 89–104.
POWO, 2019, Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ [Accessed 09 April 2020].
Pratchayasakul W., Pongchaidecha A., Chattipakorn N. & Chattipakorn S., 2008, Ethnobotany & ethnopharmacology of Tabernaemontana divaricate. Indian Journal of Medical Research 127: 317–335.
Raj S.J., 2011, Pharmacognostic and traditional properties of Cissus quadrancularis Linn -An overview. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2(1): 131–139.
Rajbongshi P.P., Zaman M.K., Boruah S. & Das S., 2014, A Review on Traditional Use and Phytopharmacological Potential of Bischofia javanica Blume. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 24(2): 24–29
.
Raju G.S., Moghal M.R., Dewan S.M.R., Amin M.N. & Billah M., 2013, Characterization ofphytoconstituents and evaluation of total phenolic content, anthelmintic, and antimicrobial activities of Solanum violaceum. Journal of Phytomedicine 3(4): 313–320.
Ram J., Moteriya P. & Chanda S., 2015, Phytochemical screening and reported biological activities of some medicinal plants of Gujarat region. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 4(2): 192–198.
Ramya B., Natarajan E., Vijikumar Sahadevan S., John vasanth J., Muthukkumarasamy S. & Muthuramsanjivi V.K.A., 2010, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites in Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences 2(2): 134-139.
Ramya S., Neethirajan K. & Jayakumararaj R., 2012, Profile of bioactive compounds in Syzygium cumini – a review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 5(8): 4548–4553.
Rangra N.K., Samanta S. & Pradhan K.K., 2019, A comprehensive review on phyto pharmacological investigations of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex. Benth. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 9: 1–11.
Rao V.R.S., Raju S.S., Sarma V.U., Sabine F., Babu K.H., Babu K.S. & Rao J.M., 2011, Simultaneous determination of bioactive compounds in Piper nigrum L. and a species comparison study using HPLC-PDA. Natural Product Research 25(13): 1288–1294.
Rastogi S., Kulshreshtha D.K. & Rawat A.K.S., 2006, Streblus asper Lour. (Shakhotaka): A review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. eCAM 3(2): 217–222. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel018
Regaswamy D. & Koilpillai D., 2014, Physicochemical Screening of Tagetes erecta Linn., [in:] Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2014. London, U.K.
Reshmi S.K., Sudha M.L. & Shashirekha M.N., 2017, Starch digestibility and glycemic index of Paranthas supplemented with Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. fruit segments. Journal of Food Science and Technology 54: 4370–4377.
Reyes-García V., Huanca T., Vadez V., Leonard W. & Wilkie D., 2006, Cultural, practical, and economic value of wild plants: a quantitative study in the Bolivian Amazon. Economic Botany 60: 62–74.
Roy D.S., De S., Maity D., Maity W. & Das D.C., 2019, Phytochemical screening, isolation of flavonoids from Hellaenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R Dutta and study of its antibacterial activity in vitro. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 9(3): 641–647.
Ruban P. & Gajalakshmi K., 2012, In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa–sinensis flower extract against human pathogens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(5): 399–403.
Sakthidevi G. & Mohan V.R., 2013, Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Dioscorea alata L. Tuber. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 5(5): 115–119.
Saikia B., Borthakur S.K. & Saikia N., 2010, Medico-ethnobotany of Bodo tribals in Gohpur of Sonitpur district, Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 9(1): 52–54.
Samatha T., Srinivas P., Shyamsundarachary R., Rajinikanth M. & Swamy N.R., 2012, Phytochemical analysis of seeds, stem bark and root of an endangered medicinal forest tree Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 3(3): 1063–1075.
Sarma J. & Devi A., 2016, Role of dicot angiosperms in the livelihood of Mishing community in Sonitpur district, Assam, India. Tropical Plant Research 3(3): 662–672. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2016.v3.i3.087
Sarma J. & Devi A., 2017, Ethnomedicinal wisdom of Garo community from erstwhile Sonitpur District of Assam, Northeast India. Pleione 11(2): 429–439.
Sebei K., Gnouma A., Herchi W., Sakouhi F., Boukhchina S., 2013, Lipids, proteins, phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of seeds of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L) cultivated in Tunisia. Biological Research 46(3): 257–263.
Sen A. & Batra A., 2012, Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of medicinal plant: Melia Azedarach L. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 4(2): 67–73.
Senthilkumar M., 2013, Phytochemical Screening of Gloriosa superba L. - from different geographical positions. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 3(1): 1–5.
Shah S., Ram J., Pala N.A., Tripathi P. & Kumar M., 2014, Medicinal plant wealth of oak dominated forests in Nainital catchment area of Uttarakhand. Academia Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(1): 006–013.
Shaker K.H., Morsy N., Zinecker H., Imhoff J.F. & Schneider B., 2010, Secondary metabolites from Calotropis procera (Aiton). Phytochemistry Letters 3(4): 212–216.
Shankar R., Lavekar G.S., Deb S. & Sharma B.K., 2013, Traditional healing practice and folk medicines used by Mishing community of North East India. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 3(3): 124–129.
Sharath R., Harish B.G., Krishna V., Sathyanarayana B.N. & Swamy H.M.K., 2010, Wound healing and protease inhibition activity of Bacoside-A, isolated from Bacopa monnieri wettest. Phytotherapy Research 24(8): 1217–1222. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3115
Sharma A.K. & Deshwal N., 2011, An overview: on phytochemical and pharmacological studies of Butea monosperma. International Journal of Pharmtech Research 3: 864–87.
Sharma K.U. & Pegu S., 2011, Ethnobotany of religious and supernatural beliefs of the Mishing tribes of Assam with special reference to the ‘DoburUie’. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7: 16. doi: http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/7/1/16
Sharma S., Kumari A. & Sharma M., 2016, Comparative GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea (L) W.T. Aiton Leaf and Latex. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(11): 1823–1827.
Silva T.D.D. & G.H.C.M. Hettiarachchi (2016). Investigation of an in vitro antimicrobial activity of Lygodium micophyllum (Cav.) R.Br. fronds. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Research 6(3): 29–35.
Sohail, M.N., Karim A., Sarwar M. & Alhasin A.M., 2011, Onion (Allium cepa L.): An alternate medicine for Pakistani population. International Journal of Pharmacology 7(6): 736–744.
Sood K. & Yadav R.N.S., 2014, Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of four members of family Apiaceae. International Journal of Phytomedicine 6(2): 232–236.
Soren M., Dutta B.K. & Das A.K., 2015, Ethnobotanically useful Plants of Mishing Tribe residing in fringe villages of Nambor-doigrung wildlife sanctuary of Golaghat, Assam, India. International Journal of Innovation 1(11): 157–159.
Spelman K., Depoix D., McCray M., Mouray E. & Grellier P., 2011, The Traditional Medicine Spilanthes acmella, and the Alkylamides Spilanthol and Undeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic Acid Isobutylamide, Demonstrate In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity. Phytotherapy Research 25(7): 1098–1101.
Stintzing F.C., Kammerer D., Schieber A., Adama H., Nacoulma O.G. & Carle R., 2004, Betacyanins and Phenolic Compounds from Amaranthus spinosus L. and Boerhavia erecta L. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C 59: 1–8. doi: 10.1515/znc-2004-1-201.
Subhash C., Sarla S. & Jaybardhan S., 2012, Phytochemical screening of Garhwali Himalaya wild edible tuber Colocasia esculenta. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 3(3): 181–186.
Sukanya M.K., Shimi S. & Aruna S.R., 2013, Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial Screening and Antihelminthic Properties of Phylantus emblica. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 4(4): 5–64.
Suky M.G., Shanthi T.P., Ruby R.G.D., Sowmiya S. & Yasodha M., 2019, Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds in chloroform extract of Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research 6(1): 275–286.
Suresh R., Saravanakumar M. & Suganyadevi P., 2011, Anthocyanins from Indian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its antioxidant properties. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2(7): 1819–1828.
Swargiary A. & Roy B., 2015, Phytochemical screening and antioxidant property of shoot extracts of Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt (Family – Zingiberaceae). International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries 7(1): 48–54.
Syahidah C.R.S., Hassan M.D., Rukayadi Y., Norazian M.H. & Kamarudin M.S., 2017, Phytochemical analysis, identification and quantification of antibacterial active compounds in betel leaves, Piper betle Methanolic Extract. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 20: 70–81.
Tahira R., Rehan T., Rehamn A. & Naeemullah M., 2013, Variation in Bioactive Compounds in Different Plant Parts of Lemon Basil (Ocimum Basilicum Var Citriodorum). International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics 1(1): 2347–9051.
Tamilarasi T. & Ananthi T., 2012, Phytochemical Analysis and Anti Microbial Activity of Mimosa pudica Linn. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences 2(2): 72–74.
Tamuly C., Dutta P.P., Bordoloi M. & Bora J., 2013, Antifungal and antioxidant pyrrole derivative from Piper pedicellatum. Natural Product Communications 8(10): 1451–1454.
Tan S.P., Kha T.C., Parks S.E. & Roach P.D., 2015, Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) bioactive composition and health benefits: A review. Food Reviews International 32(2): 181–202.
Tao H.T., Qiu B., Du F., Xu T., Liu L., Lü F., Li K. & Liu W., 2015, The protective effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf flavonoid extracts on liver damage of carbon tetrachloride injured mice. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 12(1): 52–56.
Tayung K. & Saikia N., 2003, Cryptolepis buchanani- ales known medicinal plant used in bone fracture. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 2(4): 371–374.
Thuaytong W. & Anprung P., 2011, Bioactive compounds and prebiotic activity in thailand-grown red and white guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.). Food Science and Technology International 17(3): 205–212.
Tiwari P., Nayak P., Prusty S.K. & Sahu P.K., 2018, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Tinospora cordifolia: A Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 9(1): 70–78.
Tongco J.V.V., Añis A.D. & Tamayo J.P., 2015, Nutritional Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, and Total Phenolic Content of Basella alba Leaves from the Philippines. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 7(5): 1031–1033.
Tril U., Fernández-López J., Álvarez J.Á.P. & Viuda-Martos M., 2014, Chemical, physicochemical, technological, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of rich-fibre powder extract obtained from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Industrial Crops and Products 55: 155–162.
Trotter R.T. & Logan M.H., 1986, Informant census: a new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants, [in:] L.N. Etkin (ed.), Plants in indigenous medicine and diet. Redgrave, Bedford Hill, New York, p. 91–112.
Tuama A.A. & Mohammed A.A., 2019, Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities of the aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 26: 600–604.
Uddin Z.M. & Hassan M.A., 2014, Determination of informant consensus factor of ethnomedicinal plants used in Kalenga forest. Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 21(1): 83–91.
Upadhyay B., Singh K.P. & Kumar A., 2011, Ethno-veterinary uses and informants consensus factor of medicinal plants of Sariska region, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133: 14–25.
Upadhyaya S., 2013, Screening of phytochemicals, nutritional status, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Paederia foetida Linn. from different localities of Assam, India. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 7(1): 139– 141. doi:10.1016/j.jopr.2013.01.015
Verma R.S., Rahman L., Verma R.K., Chauhan A., Yadav A.K. & Singh A., 2010, Essential Oil Composition of Menthol Mint (Mentha arvensis) and Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Cultivars at Different Stages of Plant Growth from Kumaon Region of Western Himalaya. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 1(1): 13–18.
Vishwanathan A.S. & Basavaraju R., 2010, A Review on Vitex negundo L. – A Medicinally Important Plant. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences 3(1): 30–42.
Vyas A. & Sarin R., 2013, Analysis of the phytochemical content and antimicrobial activity of Nyctanthes arbor- tristis. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 4(1): 201–206.
Wang Y., Xiang L., Wang C., Tang C. & He X., 2013, Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects and phytochemicals of Mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) polyphenol enhanced extract. PLoS One 8(7): 1–10. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071144
Wani M.A., Prasad S. & Prakash O., 2019, Qualitative phytochemical analysis of various parts of bamboo (Bambusa balcooa) for possible therapeutic usages in bovine reproductive disorders. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 8(1): 217–221.
Watcharatanon K., Ingkaninan K. & Putalun W., 2019, Improved triterpenoid saponin glycosides accumulation in in vitro culture of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst with precursor feeding and LED light exposure. Industrial Crops and Products 134: 303–308.
Zainudin M.A.M., Hamid A.A., Anwar F., Osman A. & Saari N., 2014, Variation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) fruit at different ripening stages. Scientia Horticulturae 172: 325–331.
Zohourian T.H., Quitain A.T., Sasaki M. & Goto M., 2012, Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Leaves of Lawsonia inermis by Green Pressurized Fluids. Separation Science and Technology 47(7): 1006–1013.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 1410
Number of citations: 0
