Peasant resistance to the state reforms – 1905–1964
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/EO.2015.006Keywords
światowe rozwiązania, bunt, przemówienia, rajdy, kołchozy, spółdzielnie rolnicze, statut, protokoły posiedzeń zarządu i walnych zgromadzeń kołchozu pracowników, dyscyplina pracyAbstract
Opór chłopski wobec reform państwowych z lat 1905–1964
W artykule omówiono aktywne i pasywne formy chłopskiego oporu skierowanego przeciwko państwowej polityce przekształceń w rolnictwie rosyjskim w XX wieku. Aktywne formy oporu zostały potraktowane jako działania zbiorowe niższych warstw i grup społecznych, w których odzwierciedlały się ich interesy społeczno- -gospodarcze i polityczne. Opór przejawiał się w kilku formach: pokojowych wystąpieniach, lokalnych powstaniach, buntach, manifestacjach i wiecach. Na podstawie analizy zawartości Statutów kołchozowych kolektywów i ich zgodności z protokołami Walnego Zgromadzenia i posiedzeń Rady Pracowników, autorzy opisują różne naruszenia dyscypliny pracy oraz zbiorowe dozwolone wystąpienia, omawiają reakcję Zarządów kołchozów na te naruszenia, ich przyczyny i skutki. Występujące wśród kołchozowego aktywu zjawiska naruszenia dyscypliny pracy i złe obchodzenie się z kołchozowym majątkiem zostały zakwalifikowane przez autorów jako formy biernego oporu wobec reform agrarnych prowadzonych przez władze państwa.
Summary Peasant resistance to the state reforms – 1905–1964
Active and passive forms of peasant resistance to the state agrarian reforms in the period of XX century are considered in this article. Active forms of resistance are considered as collective activities of the lowest section and groups of population, expressing their social- economic and political interests publicly: in village-community verdicts, revolts, performances, meetings. Analysis of the collective-farm Rules and its observance according to the records of common meetings of collective farmers and management board of collective-farms (1953–1964) allowed authors to characterize different breaches of labour discipline and damage of kolkhoz property, consequences and the reasons of breaches. The breaches of labour discipline and the damage of kolkhoz property are considered as the forms of passive resistance to the state agrarian reforms.
References
Koznova I.E., “Peasantry and power” – scientific conference in State Duma, w: Peasantry. Theory. History. Modernity, Москва 1996.
Shanin T., Perspectives of peasant’s research and problems of parallel perception of social forms, w: Peasantry. Theory. History. Modernity, Москва 1996.
Senchakova L.T., Peasant’s mandates and verdicts 1905–1907, w: Russia. XX century. Fates of the Russian peasantry, Москва 1996.
Yarov S.V., Peasant’s disturbances in the Northwest of Soviet Russia in 1918–1919, w: Peasntry. Theory. History. Modernity, Москва 1996.
Pokrovsky N., Village-community and monarchical traditions in the history of Russian peasantry, “New World” 1989, nr 9.
Documents are testified. From the history of village during collectivization 1927– –1932, pod red. V. P. Danilova, N. A. Ivnitskogo, Москва 1989.
Devis P.U., Extensive attack of socialism on the whole front // Soviet society: formation, development, historical final. Russia. XX century. Pod red. P. U.Devis, O. V. Hlevnyuk, Y. N. Afanasjev, T. 1, Москва 1997
Reader on History of USSR. 1917–1945: text book for pedagogical institutes, S. I. Degtev etc.; E. M Shagin, Москва 1991.
History of Russia. Socio-economic and internal political aspect. In 2 parts, p. 2. XIX–XX centuries. N. N.Baranov and others, Ekaterinburg 1992.
Zelenin I. E., Was the kolkhoz “ neonep”?, “Domestic History” 1994, nr 2.
Kovalev E. M, History of peasant families: methodics and first results, w: Peasantry. Theory. History. Modernity, Москва,1996.
Scott D., Weapons of weak people: ordinary forms of peasant’s resistance (1985), w: Peasantry. Theory. History. Modernity. Москва 1996.
From published notes taken down by V. Vernadsky in 1990–1992. Peasant’s voice: rural Russia of XX century in the peasant memoirs, Москва 1996.
GATO (State archive of Tyumen region), F. (fond) 2196, O. (inventory)1, D. (case) 34. Meeting of management board of the collective farm named after Voroshilov of Krasnov Village Soviet Isetsk district of Tyumen region May, 20. 1957.
TF (tobol’sk branch) GATO, F. 1125, O. 1, D. 13. Collective farm named after Kalinin of Begishevsk Village Soviet, Dubrovinsk district of Tyumen region. Record book of general meetings of collective farmers and meetings of management board of the collective farm. April, 29. 1963.
GATO, F. 1645, O. 1, D. 5. Collective farm “Pobeda” Omutinsk district of Tyumen region. Record book of general meeting of collective farmers and management board of the collective farm during 1953.
TF GATO, F. 1125, O. 1, D. 12. Collective farm named after Kalinin Begishevsk Village Soviet, Dubrovinsk district of Tyumen region. Record book of general meeting of collective farmers and meetings of management board of the farm from April, 7 1961.
TF GATO, F. 1125, O. 1, D.11. Collective farm named after Kalinin, Begishevsk Village Soviet, Dubrovinsk district of Tyumen region. Record book of general meetings of the collective farmers and meetings of management board of the farm from April, 9, 1960.
GATO, F. 2196, O. 1, D.33. Collective farm named after Voroshilov, Krasnovsk Village Soviet, Isetsk district of Tyumen region. Record book of general meetings of the collective farmers and meetings of management board of the farm for 1956.
GATO, F. 2196, O. 1, D. 43. Record book of collective farm’s meetings and meetings of management board of the farm 1960. Collective farm “Sibir” Krasnovsk Village Soviet, Isetsk district of Tyumen region. 1959–1960.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 479
Number of citations: 0
