Merytokracja we współczesnym Singapurze – zakres implementacji idei merytokratycznych na przykładzie systemu politycznego i systemu edukacji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/DP.2019.004Keywords:
Singapore, meritocracy, political system, education systemAbstract
Singapore is recognized as the most meritocratic of the currently existing countries. Since independence in 1965 and the creation of the Republic of Singapore, the authorities have introduced a number of innovative system solutions that have led to phenomenal success of the state, especially in economic terms. Included in the so-called Asian tigers Singapore is a country with a controversial reputation: at the same time admired for the effectiveness of the political elite and criticized for the strict legal system and suppression of the opposition. The purpose of this article is to look at the size of meritocratic solutions in the City of Leo, applied within the political and education system, to determine to what extent these areas can be called meritocratic.
References
Chodowska-Miszczuk J., Wylon M., Fenomen Singapuru – perspektywa geopolityczna, „Przegląd Geopolityczny” 2017, t. 22.
Mauzy D. K., Milne R. S., Singapore Politics Under the People’s Action Party, Londyn 2002
Ministerstwo Handlu i Przemysłu, Economic Survey of Singapore 2017.
Morgan G., A Guide to Electoral Election, Singapur 2015.
OECD, PISA 2015. Results in Focus.
The Parliamentary Elections Act.
State of Singapore Constitution is Adopted, za: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/be12893b-2734-4297-b6df-c7229bb05259 [dostęp 01.08.2018].
About AST, za: https://www.academyofsingaporeteachers.moe.gov.sg/about-ast [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Agence France-Presse, Anger in Singapore as first female president is elected without a vote, za: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/13/singapore-first-female-president-elected-without-vote [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Compulsory Education, za: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/education-system/compulsory-education [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Dagong’s Credit Rating for each country, za: http://chartsbin.com/view/2153 [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Davie S., Singapore students suffer from high levels of anxiety: Study, za: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/spore-students-suffer-from-high-levels-of-anxiety-study [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Davie S., Singapore teachers among the youngest in the world, but also among the most hardworking, za: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-teachers-among-the-youngest-in-the-world-but-also-among-the-most-hardworking [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Desired Outcomes of Education, za: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/education-system/desired-outcomes-of-education [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Education System, za: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/education-system [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Enabling Teachers, za: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/education-system/enabling-teachers [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Every School a Good School, za: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/education-system/every-school-a-good-school [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Freedom of the Press: Singapore, za: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2015/singapore [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Gilbert K., Who Are The Four Asian Tigers?, za: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/who-are-the-four-asian-tigers.html [dostęp 01.08.2018].
How Singapore Developed a High-Quality Teacher Workforce, za: https://asiasociety.org/global-cities-education-network/how-singapore-developed-high-quality-teacher-workforce [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Jelita A., The downsides to Singapore’s education system: streaming, stress and suicides, za: https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/families/article/2111822/downsides-singapores-education-system-streaming-stress-and [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Kill the chicken to scare the monkeys, za: https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/12/12/kill-chicken-scare-monkeys/suppression-free-expression-and-assembly-singapore [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Lee Kuan Yew Biohraphy, za: https://www.biography.com/people/lee-kuan-yew-9377339 [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Lee Kuan Yew: There are no disadvantages to meritocracy, za: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYQ6ePqgiss [dostęp 01.08.2018].
List of Asian Countries by Area (2014), za: http://statisticstimes.com/geography/asian-countries-by-area.php [dostęp: 01.08.2018].
Ministry of Foreign Affairs is Established, za: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/8a64bc89-d4bc-4aab-be2f-884a3e9fb1be [dostęp 01.08.2018].
National Examinations, za: https://www.seab.gov.sg/pages/nationalExaminations [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Party Constitution, za: https://www.pap.org.sg/party-constitution [dostęp 01.08.2018].
People feel ‘muzzled and angry’ because they could not vote this Presidential Election: Tan Cheng Bock, za: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/people-feel-muzzled-and-angry-because-they-could-not-vote-this-9213684 [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Singapore – Credit Rating, za: https://tradingeconomics.com/singapore/rating [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Singapore economy grew 4,3% in Q1 of 2018, boosted by strong manufacturing growth, za: https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-economy-grows-43-in-q1-on-strong-manufacturing-growth [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Singapore economy sees record expansion in 2010, za: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12106645 [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Singapore, The World Factbook CIA, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Singapore: History, za: http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/singapore/history [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Singapore: New Repression of Dissenting Voices, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/01/12/singapore-new-repression-dissenting-voices [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Speech by Mr Ng Chee Meng, Acting Minister for Education (Schools), at Debate of President’s Adress, 28 Jan 2016, Parliament, za: https://www.moe.gov.sg/news/speeches/speech-by-mr-ng-chee-meng--acting-minister-for-education-schools--at-debate-of-presidents-address--28-jan-2016--parliament [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Standard & Poor’s Credit Rating for each country, za: http://chartsbin.com/view/1177 [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Syllabuses, za: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/syllabuses [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Tan A., Lee Kuan Yew had ‘uncompromising stand for meritocracy, efficiency and education’: IMF’s Lagarde, za: https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/lee-kuan-yew-dies/lee-kuan-yew-had-uncompromising-stand-for-meritocracy [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Tan S., GE2015: PAP vote share increases to 69,9%, party wins 83 of 89 seats including WP-held Punggol East, za: https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/ge2015-pap-vote-share-increases-to-699-party-wins-83-of-89-seats-including-wp-held-punggol [dostęp 01.08.2018].
The Economist Intelligence Unit: Singapore Basic Data, za: http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=886850072&Country=Singapore&topic=Summary&subtopic=Basic+data [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Unnatural Aristocrats, za: https://www.economist.com/china/2015/09/03/unnatural-aristocrats [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Vasagar J., Why Singapore’s kids are so good at maths, za: https://www.ft.com/content/2e4c61f2-4ec8-11e6-8172-e39ecd3b86fc [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Wise A., Behind the world’s best students is a soul-crushing, billion-dollar private education industry, za: https://qz.com/860356/pisa-singapores-competitive-private-tuition-system-helps-students-ace-the-worlds-biggest-education-test/ [dostęp 01.08.2018].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 1215
Number of citations: 0