Credibility of CSR and Sustainability Reporting in India: An Empirical Study of Economic and Philanthropic CSR Practices in Public and Private Sector Organizations
Klíčová slova
CSR, perception effectiveness, CSR policies, operational measures, public and private sector organizationsAbstrakt
Parameters such as readability, adherence to reporting guidelines, data quality, and stakeholder dialogue are considered to assess the credibility of information in a company's annual and sustainability reports. An examination of the reliability aspect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability reports (SR) from specific companies reveals that nearly all of them present information in a clear and comprehensible format, and adhere to fundamental reporting principles, such as providing details about the time period covered. CSR reports include details about the constraints and the specific demographic the organization aims to reach. The data for the study is gathered from 280 respondents who are working as the finance/Accounting manager or financial professionals i.e., CA (Chartered Accountant), CS (Company Secretary) or (Management Accountant) ICMAI using structured questionnaire with close ended questions, who are working in the Public and private sector in India. The same is analysed with the one sample t test and multiple regression tools with the SPSS software.The results revealed that two variables Economic CSR played a key role in improving the effectiveness of policies and operational measures of CSR and Philanthropic are effectively predicting the good CSR policies and procedure in public and private sector organisation.
Reference
Abdeljawad, I., Rashid, M., Arafat, N.A.R., Naifeh, H., & Ghanem, N. (2024). CSR and firm performance nexus in a highly unstable political context: institutional influence and community cohesion. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 18(6), 678-701. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBGE.2024.141803.
Ammenberg, J., & Hjelm, O. (2003). Tracing business and environmental effects of environmental management systems—a study of networking small and medium‐sized enterprises using a joint environmental management system. Business strategy and the Environment, 12(3), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.357.
Annandale, D., Morrison‐Saunders, A., & Bouma, G. (2004). The impact of voluntary environmental protection instruments on company environmental performance. Business strategy and the environment, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.390.
Arici, H.E., Saydam, M.B., Sökmen, A., & Arici, N.C. (2024). Corporate social responsibility in hospitality and tourism: a systematic review. Service Industries Journal, 45(7–8), 721–750. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2024.2345299.
Banaszkiewicz, A., & Makowska, E. (2012). Społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu w kontekście wybranych aspektów kulturowych XXI stulecia. Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, 1(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.12775/CJFA.2012.001.
Bromley, P., & Powell, W.W. (2012). From smoke and mirrors to walking the talk: Decoupling in the contemporary world. Academy of Management annals, 6(1), 483-530. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2012.684462.
CSR Expenditure Report, https://www.csr.gov.in/content/csr/global/master/home/ExploreCsrData/mis-reports/state-wise-report.html (accessed: 10.06.2025).
Deb, D., Gillet, P., & De, A. (2025). The impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance in India: an investigation using data envelopment analysis. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 29(2), 184-211. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2025.144681.
Duarte, F. (2010). Working with corporate social responsibility in Brazilian companies: The role of managers’ values in the maintenance of CSR cultures. Journal of Business ethics, 96(3), 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0470-9.
Friedman, A.L., & Miles, S. (2001). SMEs and the environment: Two case studies. Eco‐Management and Auditing: The Journal of Corporate Environmental Management, 8(4), 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/ema.166.
Galleli, B., & Amaral, L. (2025). Bridging Institutional Theory and Social and Environmental Efforts in Management: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, 01492063251322429. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063251322429.
Gray, R., Bebbington, J., & Walters, D. (1993). Accounting for the environment. London, England: Paul Chapman Publishing.
Greening, D. W., & Gray, B. (1994). Testing a model of organizational response to social and political issues. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 467-498. https://doi.org/10.5465/256697.
Hess, D., & Warren, D. E. (2008). The meaning and meaningfulness of corporate social initiatives. Business and Society Review, 113(2), 163-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8594.2008.00317.x.
Jamali, D., & Mirshak, R. (2007). Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Theory and practice in a developing country context. Journal of business ethics, 72(3), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9168-4.
Kuokkanen, H., & Sun, W. (2020). Companies, meet ethical consumers: Strategic CSR management to impact consumer choice. Journal of Business Ethics, 166(2), 403-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04145-4.
Madaan, G., Kaur, M., Gowda, K.R., Gujrati, R., & Uygun, H. (2023). Business responses towards corporate social responsibility and sustainable development goals during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(1), e0309-e0309. https://doi.org/10.37497/sdgs.v11i1.309.
Murawski, T. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility in Japanese Banking Sector. Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, 5(2), 149-161. https://doi.org/10.12775/CJFA.2016.020.
Oduro, S., Umar, R.M., De Massis, A., & Haylemariam, L.G. (2025). Corporate social responsibility and family firm performance: A meta‐analytic review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 32(2), 1412-1443. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.3004.
Peršić, M., Bakija, K., & Vlašić, D. (2015). Framework for improving quality and comparability of non-financial reporting system. Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, 4(2), 109-127. https://doi.org/10.12775/CJFA.2015.019.
Potharla, S. (2024). Does Blockholders’ Concentration Influence Spending on Corporate Social Responsibility?–Evidence from the Indian Firms. Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, 13(2), 89-108. https://doi.org/10.12775/CJFA.2024.009.
Rhee, S. K., & Lee, S. Y. (2003). Dynamic change of corporate environmental strategy: rhetoric and reality. Business Strategy and the Environment, 12(3), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.356.
Risi, D., Vigneau, L., Bohn, S., & Wickert, C. (2023). Institutional theory‐based research on corporate social responsibility: Bringing values back in. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12299.
Sameer, I. (2021). Impact of corporate social responsibility on organization’s financial performance: Evidence from Maldives public limited companies. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00075-8.
Shakil, A.A.Z., Hossain, M.M., Khan, M.M.H., Noyon, S.I., & Ripon, M.B.B. (2025). A Systematic Review of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Emerging Markets. Business & Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.25163/business.3110211.
Sharma, T., Ray, R.S., Agarwal, M., & Tapasvi, S.K. (2019). The CSR practices of a mining PSU: implementation challenges. In N. Mitra, R. Schmidpeter (Eds.) Mandated corporate social responsibility: evidence from India. 119-139. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24444-6_7.
Singh, S., Holvoet, N., & Pandey, V. (2018). Bridging sustainability and corporate social responsibility: Culture of monitoring and evaluation of CSR initiatives in India. Sustainability, 10(7), 2353. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072353.
Skjærseth, J.B., & Wettestad, J. (2009). A framework for assessing the sustainability impact of CSR. In R. Barth, F. Wolff (Eds.). Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848447233.00011.
Srivastava, V., & Srivastava, R.L. (2023). Corporate social responsibility practices of public and private firms: an exploration of education and healthcare initiatives. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 34(1), 93-111. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2023.131273.
Swanson, D.L. (Ed.) (2017). CSR discovery leadership: Society, science and shared value consciousness. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59954-0.
Tawiah, V., Samson, N., & Jatau, U. (2025). Local directors and corporate social responsibility activities of multinational companies in Africa. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 32(2), 1688-1697. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.3028.
Weaver, G.R., Trevino, L.K., & Cochran, P.L. (1999). Integrated and decoupled corporate social performance: Management commitments, external pressures, and corporate ethics practices. Academy of management journal, 42(5), 539-552. https://doi.org/10.5465/256975.
Wood, D.J. (2010). Measuring corporate social performance: A review. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), 50-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00274.x.
Yu, H.C., Kuo, L., & Kao, M.F. (2017). The relationship between CSR disclosure and competitive advantage. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 8(5), 547-570. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-11-2016-0086.
Publikováno
Jak citovat
Číslo
Sekce
Licence
Copyright (c) 2026 Vineet Chouhan, Shubham Goswami

Tato práce je licencována pod Mezinárodní licencí Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 0
Number of citations: 0