The Instagram Image of the City. Insights from Lodz, Poland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2018-0040Keywords
social media, Instagram, city image, cityscape, LodzAbstract
The age of big data opens new opportunities for urban research. As millions of users have been creating and transmitting visual representations of cityscapes (e.g., photos taken with smartphones), it is crucial to understand features of the online crowd-sourced images of cities and their relations with their offline archetypes. However, it seems that photos posted by users of social networking sites remain understudied and their informative potential has not been fully exploited yet. The aim of the conducted research was to examine and comprehend the nature of the Instagram image of the city. The paper presents the results of investigating 1867 Instagram photos featuring outdoor city views taken in Lodz, Poland in September 2015. The posted photos were classified by their components and attributes. The study revealed that Instagram content does not reflect the urban space in general. It rather selects geographies and subjects presenting aestheticized and picturesque places and objects. Nevertheless, the new components of cityscapes seem to be noteworthy for Instagram users. Finally, the paper argues that mapping Instagram content without prior and careful examination of the local context may lead to biased conclusions.References
Arribas-Bel, D., 2014: Accidental, open and everywhere: Emerging data sources for the understanding of cities. In: Applied Geography, Vol. 49, Issue C, pp. 45–53. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.09.012
Boy, J.D., and Uitermark, J., 2015: Capture and share the city: Mapping Instagram’s uneven geography in Amsterdam. In: Conference “The Ideal City Between Myth and Reality. Representations, Policies, Contradictions and Challenges for Tomorrows Urban Life”, Urbino, 27 September 2015.
Boy, J.D., and Uitermark, J., 2016: How to Study the City on Instagram. In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 11, Issue 6, pp. e0158161–16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158161
Bruno, N., Bertamini, M., and Protti, F., 2015: Selfie and the City: A World-Wide, Large, and Ecologically Valid Database Reveals a Two-Pronged Side Bias in Naïve Self-Portraits. In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp. e0124999–7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124999
Cope, M., 2015: Commentary: Geographies of digital lives: Trajectories in the production of knowledge with user-generated content. In: Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 142, pp. 212–214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.08.009
Crampton, J.W., Graham, M., Poorthuis, A., Shelton, T., Stephens, M., Wilson, M.W., and Zook, M., 2013: Beyond the geotag: situating ‘big data’ and leveraging the potential of the geoweb. In: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol. 40, Issue 2, pp. 130–139. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2013.777137
Duggan, M., 2015: Mobile Messaging and Social Media 2015. Washington: Pew Research Center.
Dunkel, A., 2015: Visualizing the perceived environment using crowdsourced photo geodata. In: Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 142, pp. 173–186. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.022
Feltynowski, M., 2016: Cities in The Age of Big Data. In: Przygodzki, Z. editor, EkoMiasto#Zarządzanie. Zrównoważony, inteligentny i partycypacyjny rozwój miasta (EcoCity#Management. Sustainable, smart and participatory urban development – in Polish), Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, pp. 195–206. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/7969-721-2.09
Graham, M., and Shelton, T., 2013: Geography and the future of big data, big data and the future of geography. In: Dialogues in Human Geography, Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 255–261. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820613513121
Guerrero, P., Møller, M.S., Olafsson, A.S., and Snizek, B., 2016: Revealing Cultural Ecosystem Services through Instagram Images: The Potential of Social Media Volunteered Geographic Information for Urban Green Infrastructure Planning and Governance. In: Urban Planning, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 1–17. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i2.609
Highfield, T., and Leaver, T., 2015: A methodology for mapping Instagram hashtags. In: First Monday, Vol. 20, Issue 1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i1.5563
Hochman, N., and Manovich, L., 2013: Zooming into an Instagram City: Reading the local through social media. In: First Monday, Vol. 18, Issue 7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v18i7.4711
Hu, Y., Manikonda, L., and Kambhampati, S., 2014: What We Instagram: A First Analysis of Instagram Photo Content and User Types. In: 8th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. Avaiable from: https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM14/paper/view/8118 (accessed 6 February 2018).
Instagram, 2017: Instagram Press. Available from: http://instagram.com/press/ (accessed 31 July 2017).
Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz, J., Marcińczak, S., and Wolaniuk, A., 2014: Gentrification processes in the city. In: Marszał, T. editor, Society and space in contemporary Poland in Łódź University Geographical Reserch. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, pp. 83–111.
Kitchin, R., 2013: Big data and human geography: Opportunities, challenges and risks. In: Dialogues in Human Geography, Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 262–267. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820613513388
Kotus, J., Rzeszewski, M. and Bajerski, A., 2015: Przyjezdni w strukturze miasta – miasto wobec przyjezdnych. Studenci i turyści w mieście w kontekście koncepcji city users (Visitors in cities – Cities towards visitors. Students and tourists in cities in the context of ‘city user’ concept – in Polish). Poznań: Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Lynch, K., 1960: The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lynch, K., 1984: Reconsidering The Image of the City. In: Rodwin, L., and Hollister, R.M. editors, Cities of the Mind, Boston: Springer US, pp. 151–161.
Manikonda, L., Hu, Y., and Kambhampati, S., 2014: Analyzing User Activities, Demographics, Social Network Structure and User-Generated Content on Instagram. In: arXiv. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/arXiv:1410.8099v1
Manovich, L., 2016: Instagram and Contemporary Image. New York City: Software Studies Initiative. Available from: http://lab.softwarestudies.com/2016/02/instagram-and-contemporary-image-new.html (accessed: 22 February 2016)
Manovich, L., Tifentale, A., Yazdani, M., and Chow, J., 2014: The Exceptional and the Everyday: 144 Hours in Kiev. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Washington, 27 October 2014.
Rainie, L., Brenner, J., and Purcell, K., 2012: Photos and Videos as Social Currency Online. Washington: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project.
Richter, K.F., and Winter, S., 2011: Citizens as Database: Conscious Ubiquity in Data Collection. In: Pfoser, D., Tao, Y., Mouratidis, K., Nascimento, M.A., Mokbel, M., Shekhar, S., and Huang, Y. editors, Advances in Spatial and Temporal Databases, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 445–448. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22922-0_27
Rose, G., 2008: Using Photographs as Illustrations in Human Geography. In: Journal of Geography in Higher Education, Vol. 32(1), pp. 151–160. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03098260601082230
Sheldon, P., and Bryant, K., 2016: Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. In: Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 58, Issue C, pp. 89–97. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.059
Shelton, T., 2016: Spatialities of data: mapping social media ‘beyond the geotag’. In: GeoJournal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-016-9713-3
Silva, T.H., Vaz de Melo, P.O.S., Almeida, J.M., Salles, J., and Loureiro, A.A.F., 2013: A comparison of Foursquare and Instagram to the study of city dynamics and urban social behavior. In: The 2nd ACM SIGKDD International Workshop, Chicago, Illinois, 11 August 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2505821.2505836
Sokołowicz, M.E., Boryczka, E.M., Kina, E., Tomaszewska, A.W, Zasina, J., Feltynowski, M. editors, 2010: Raport z badań. Łódź w oczach studentów łódzkich publicznych uczelni wyższych. IV edycja (2009-2010) (Research report. The image of Łódź in the eyes of students from public universities. 4th edition 2009-2010 – in Polish). Łódź: Katedra Gospodarki Regionalnej i Środowiska Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
Tobiasz-Lis, P., and Wójcik, M., 2013a: Evaluating and interpreting the city using a photo projective method. The example of Łódź. In: Geographia Polonica, Vol. 86, Issue 2, pp. 137–152. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/GPol.2013.14
Tobiasz-Lis, P., and Wójcik, M., 2013b: Obrazy dysproporcji na obszarze miasta i ich społeczna interpretacja. Przykład Łodzi (Images of distortions in the urban space. The example of Lodz – in Polish). In: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica, Vol. 289, pp. 73–87.
UM Polska, 2015: Raport Wave 8 (Report Wave 8). Warszawa: UM Polska.
Vanolo, A., 2008: The image of the creative city. Some reflections on urban branding in Turin. In: Cities, Volume 25(6), pp. 370–382. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2008.08.001
Young, C. and Kaczmarek, S., 2008: The Socialist Past and Postsocialist Urban Identity in Central and Eastern Europe. In: European Urban and Regional Studies, Vol. 15(1), pp. 53–70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776407081275
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Title, logo and layout of journal Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series are reserved trademarks of Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.Stats
Number of views and downloads: 846
Number of citations: 13