Strategies “for” versus strategies “against”. The influence of rural residents on the planning of locally desired and undesired investments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2026-0012Abstract
The article deals with mechanisms of rural residents' influence on decision-making in matters of locating locally desirable and undesirable investments, using the concept of citizen lobbying. The aim of the study was to determine the features of a range of citizenry lobbying responses in support of certain proposed local investments and in opposition to others, and the differences therein. The primary method was a comparative analysis of strategies implemented by local citizen groups either supporting or opposing local investment proposals. The analysis was conducted based on responses to surveys conducted in 140 municipalities to reveal the scope of actions undertaken by local lobbyists. In-depth interviews in eight case studies enabled comparison of lobbying strategies that included: type of leader, ways of involving residents and other actors, ways of communicating with decision-makers/investor, and the effects of these actions. ...
References
Adams, B. (2007). Citizen lobbyists: Local efforts to influence public policy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Aizenberg, E., Werner, H., & van Geldere, S. (2024). Helping citizens to lobby themselves. Experimental evidence on the effects of citizen lobby engagement on internal efficacy and political support. Journal of European Public Policy, 31(11): 3561–3590. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2266459
Allemanno, A. (2017). Lobbying for change: Find your voice to create a better society. Icon Books.
Almeida, P. (2019). The Role of Threat in Collective Action. In: Snow, D., Soule, S., Kriesi, H., McCammon, H. (eds.), Companion to Social Movements: 43–62. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bednarek-Szczepańska, M. (2020). The local community: an entity discriminated against in spatial decision-making in Poland? Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 50: 55–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0032
Bednarek-Szczepańska, M., & Dmochowska-Dudek, K. (2016). Syndrom NMIBY na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce. Uwarunkowania i specyfika konfliktów wokół lokalizacji niechcianych inwestycji (NIMBY syndrome in rural areas of Poland: determinants and specificity of conflicts on the location of unwanted investments – in Polish). Prace Geograficzne, 255. Warszawa: IGiPZ PAN. https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0032
Będzik, B. (2008). Bariery i możliwości generowania kapitału społecznego na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce (Difficulties and Possibilities of Generating Social Capital in Rural Areas in Poland – in Polish). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia, 7(4), SGGW, Warszawa.
Boholm, Å. (2004). Editorial: what are the new perspectives on siting controversy? Journal of Risk Research, 7: 99–100.
Castells, M. (1983). The City and The Grassroots: A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements. London: Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd.
Clausen L., Rudolph, D., & Nyborg, S. (2021). The good process or the great illusion? A spatial perspective on public participation in Danish municipal wind turbine planning. Journal of Environmental Polic., & Planning, 23(6): 732–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2021.1910017
Cooke, B., & Kothari, U. (2001). Participation: The new tyranny? London-New York: Zed Books.
Cuppen, E. (2018). The value of social conflicts. Critiquing invited participation in energy projects, Energy Researc., & Social Science, 38: 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.016
Damurski, Ł. (2017). Poszerzony program partycypacji społecznej w procesie planowania przestrzennego na przykładzie małego miasta – sukces czy porażka? (An extended public participation programme in the spatial planning process on the example of a small town - success or failure? – in Polish) In: Rachwał, M. (ed.), Współczesne oblicza władzy politycznej. Wybrane zagadnienia (Contemporary Aspects of Political Power: Selected Issues – in Polish). Poznań: UAM.
De Looze, A., & Cuppen, E. (2023). To wind up changed: Assessing the value of social conflict on onshore wind energy in transforming institutions in the Netherlands. Energy Researc., & Social Science, 102: 103195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103195
Devine-Wright, P. (2009). Rethinking NIMBYism: The Role of Place Attachment and Place Identity in Explaining Place-protective Action. Journal of Communit and Applied Social Psychology, 19: 426–441.
Diagnoza Społeczna (Social Diagnosis). (2009). Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Zarządzania (University of Finance and Management – in Polish). Warszawa: Rada Monitoringu Społecznego.
Foryś, G. (2023). Przekraczanie granic polityki zinstytucjonalizowanej. Ruchy społeczne jako aktorzy polityki nieinstytucjonalnej – od teorii do praktyki (Crossing the Borders of Institutionalized Politics: Social Movements as Actors of Non-Institutional Politics: From Theory to Practice – in Polish). Teoria Polityki, 7: 13–31. https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845TP.23.002.17515
Gliński, P. (2007). Obszary aktywności i apatii obywatelskiej (Areas of civic activity and apathy – in Polish). In: Kojder, A. (ed.), Jedna Polska? Dawne i nowe zróżnicowania społeczne (One Poland? Old and New Social Divisions – in Polish). Warszawa: Wyd. WAM.
Hołuj, D., & Legutko-Kobus, P. (2018). A participatory model of creating revitalisation programmes in Poland – challenges and barriers. Mazowsze Studia Regionalne, 26: 39–42.
Innes, J., & Booher, D. (2004). Reframing public participation: Strategies for the 21st century. Planning Theory and Practice, 5(4): 419–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464935042000293170
Jakubiak-Mirończuk, A. (2015). Lobbing – konflikt realizacji partykularnych interesów grup społecznych a ochrona interesu publicznego (Lobbying – the conflict of pursuing the vested interests of social groups versus protecting the public interest – in Polish). Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego, 12: 166–182.
Jałowiecki, B. (1988). Lokalne ruchy społeczne w perspektywie procesów globalnych (Local social movements in the context of global processes – in Polish), In: Dutkiewicz, P., Gorzelak, G. (eds.), Problemy rozwoju lokalnego (Issues in local development– in Polish). Seria: Rozwój regionalny, rozwój lokalny, samorząd terytorialny, 11: 9–31. Warszawa: UW, Instytut Gospodarki Przestrzennej.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk. Econometrica, 47: 263–291.
Kubicki, P. (2020). Ruchy miejskie w Polsce (Urban Movements in Poland – in Polish). Kraków: Nomos.
Legacy, C. (2017). Is there a crisis of participatory planning? Planning Theory, 16(4): 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/147309521666743
Lewenstein, B. (2010). Między rządzeniem a współrządzeniem. Obywatelskie modele rozwoju społeczności lokalnej. (Between governance and co-governance. Civic models of community development community development – in Polish). In: Lewenstein, B., Schindler., J., Skrzypiec, R. (eds.), Partycypacja społeczna i aktywizacja w rozwiązywaniu problemów społeczności lokalnych (Community participation and engagement in addressing local community issues – in Polish). Warszawa: Wyd. UW.
Maginn, P. (2007) Deliberative Democracy or Discursively Biased? Perth's Dialogue with the City Initiative. Space and Polity, 11(4): 331–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562570701811619
Mironowicz, I., & Ciesielski, M. (2024). Collaborative planning? Not yet seen in Poland. Identifying procedural gaps in the planning system 2003–2023. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 64: 137–148. https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2024-0018
Romaniuk, P. (2012). Oddziaływanie organizacji pozarządowych na sposób zarządzania jednostkami samorządu terytorialnego (The Impact of Non-Governmental Organizations on the Management of Local Government Units – in Polish). Studia Prawnoustrojowe, 18: 129–141.
Skrzypiec, R. (2010). Konflikt lokalny motorem partycypacji społecznej i skutkiem zmiany – analiza wybranych przypadków: Oświęcim, Bieruń, Las i Kobiór (Local conflict as a driver of social participation and effect of change – analysis of selected cases: Oświęcim, Bieruń, Las and Kobiór – in Polish). In: Lewenstein, B., Schindler, J., Skrzypiec, R. (eds.)., Partycypacja społeczna i aktywizacja w rozwiązywaniu problemów społeczności lokalnych (Community participation and engagement in addressing local community issues – in Polish). Warszawa: Wyd. UW.
Sokal, R.R., & Michener, C.D. (1958). A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 38: 1409–1438.
Sowada, T. (2018). Rola ruchów miejskich w procesie partycypacji społecznej w funkcjonowaniu wybranych polskich miast (The role of urban movements in the process of public participation in functioning of selected Polish cities – in Polish). Poznań: UAM.
Sowada, T. (2024). Pre- and post-pandemic attitudes toward participation in community-based initiatives: The case of Poznań. Geographia Polonica, 97(2): 133–152. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0272
Sułek, A. (2009), Doświadczenie i kompetencje obywatelskie Polaków (The experience and civic competencies of Poles – in Polish). In: Czapiński, J., Panek, T. (eds)., Diagnoza społeczna 2009. Warunki i jakość życia Polaków (Social Diagnosis 2009: Living Conditions and Quality of Life in Poland – in Polish). Raport. Warszawa: Rada Monitoringu Społecznego.
Środoń, M. (2010). Konflikt wokół problemów zagospodarowania przestrzennego – rola internetu jako narzędzia politycznej samoorganizacji społeczności lokalnej. Przypadek Starej Ochoty w Warszawie (Conflict over land-use issues – the role of the internet as a tool for political self-organization among local communities. The case of Stara Ochota in Warsaw – in Polish). In: Lewenstein, B., Schindler, J., Skrzypiec, R. (eds.)., Partycypacja społeczna i aktywizacja w rozwiązywaniu problemów społeczności lokalnych (Community participation and engagement in addressing local community issues – in Polish). Warszawa: Wyd. UW.
Tahvilzadeh, N., & Kings, L. (2015). Under Pressure: Invited participation amidst planning conflicts. In: Gualini, E., Allegra, M., Morais Mourato, J. (eds.)., Conflict in the city: Contested urban spaces and local democracy. Berlin: Jovis Verlag GmbH: 94–111.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science, 211: 453–458.
Wiatrak, A.P. (2011). Uspołecznienie przygotowania strategii w gminach wiejskich (Involving the community in the development of strategies in rural municipalities – in Polish). Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego, 4: 67–82.
Wolsink, M. (2006). Invalid theory impedes our understanding: a critique on the persistence of the language of NIMBY. The Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 31: 85–91.
Wynne, B. (2007). Public Participation in Science and Technology: performing and obscuring a political–conceptual category mistake. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 1(1): 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1215/s12280-007-9004-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Bednarek-Szczepańska

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Title, logo and layout of journal Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series are reserved trademarks of Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.Stats
Number of views and downloads: 73
Number of citations: 0