Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
  • Register
  • Login
  • Menu
  • Home
  • Current
  • Archives
  • Announcements
  • About
    • About the Journal
    • Submissions
    • Editorial Team
    • Privacy Statement
    • Contact
  • Register
  • Login

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

Trees in the ground or in pots: between theory and practice in Poland and Ukraine
  • Home
  • /
  • Trees in the ground or in pots: between theory and practice in Poland and Ukraine
  1. Home /
  2. Archives /
  3. No. 69 (2025): September /
  4. Articles

Trees in the ground or in pots: between theory and practice in Poland and Ukraine

Authors

  • Andrzej Mizgajski Calisia University Kalisz, Poland, Institute of Management and Quality Studies https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2201-4481
  • Ewa Trzaskowska John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin: Lublin, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-9471
  • Lidiya Dubis Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine; John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin: Lublin, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-3920
  • Dominik Zajaczkowski Poznań, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-2640

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2025-0024

Keywords

trees, large pots, urban studies, geography, planning & development, landscaping, historical part of cities

Abstract

Rules for planting trees in historical areas and associated challenges have been considered. We analysed policy documents and opinions of officials responsible for managing greenery. With exceptions, trees are planted in both private and public spaces in the considered cities, while potted specimens are found in public spaces. Local policy documents refer to improving urban living conditions without specific operational directives on cultural, environmental, social and technical conditions for new plantings. Officials have identified technical problems such as a lack of biologically active spaces, difficulties in locating new trees due to existing underground infrastructure, and the lack of space for large pots due to the narrowness of streets. Urban greenery in Polish cities is managed by a variety of agencies, which is a significant inconvenience. Lviv in Ukraine is the only studied city with a cohesive program and centralized management under one department.

References

Ameen, R.F.M., Mourshed, M., & Li, H. (2015). A critical review of environmental assessment tools for sustainable urban design. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 55: 110-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.07.006.

Armour, T., Job, M. & Canavan, R. (2012). The benefits of large species trees in urban landscapes: a costing, design and management guide. London: CIRIA

Battaglia, M., Buckley, G.L., Galvin, M., & Grove, M. (2014). It's not easy going green: Obstacles to tree-planting programs in East Baltimore. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 7(2): 125-152. Available at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cate/vol7/iss2/6.

Baur, J. W.R., & Tynon, J.F. (2010). Small Scale Urban Nature Parks: Why Should We Care? Leisure Sciences. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 32(2): 195-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400903547245.

Baycan-Levent, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Planning and Management of Urban Green Spaces in Europe: Comparative Analysis. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 135(1): 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2009)135:1.

Biejat, K. (2017). Zarządzanie oraz ochrona zieleni w polskich miastach. (Management and protection of greenery in Polish cities – in Polish). Fundacja Sendzimira, Warszawa. Available at: https://sendzimir.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Raport_Zarzadzenie_Zielenia.pdf.

Bodnaruk, E.W., Kroll, C.N., Yang, Y., Hirabayashi, S., Nowak, D.J., & Endreny, T.A. (2017). Where to plant urban trees? A spatially explicit methodology to explore ecosystem service tradeoffs. Landscape and Urban Planning, 157: 457–467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.08.016.

Bourne, K.S., & Conway, T.M. (2014). The influence of land use type and municipal context on urban tree species diversity. Urban Ecosystems, 17: 329-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-013-0317-0.

Bruce, D.M., & Creighton, O.H. (2008). Contested identities: the dissonant heritage of European town walls and walled towns. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12: 234-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250600604498.

Conway, T.M., & Urbani, L. (2007). Variations in municipal urban forestry policies: a case study of Toronto, Canada. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 6: 181-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2007.07.003.

Fijałkowski, D., & Kseniak, M. (1982). Parki wiejskie Lubelszczyzny: stan, ochrona i rewaloryzacja biocenotyczna (Rural parks in the Lublin region: condition, protection and biocenotic revalorization – in Polish), Warszawa: PWN.

Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Island Press. Washington etc.

Georgi, N.J., & Zafiriadis, K. (2006). The Impact of Park Trees on Microclimate in Urban Areas. Urban Ecosystems, 9: 195-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-006-8590-9.

Gminny program rewitalizacji dla miasta Poznania ( Municipal revitalization program for the city of Poznań – in Poland) (2017). Available at: https://bip.poznan.pl/bip/uchwaly/uchwala-nr-lvi-1021-vii-2017-z-dnia-2017-11-07,71611/.

Grimm, N.B., Foster, D., Groffman, P., Grove, J.M., Hopkinson, C., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Pataki, D.E., & Peters, D.P.C. (2008). The changing landscape: ecosystemresponses to urbanization and pollution across climatic and societal gradients. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6(5): 264-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/070147.

Gromke, C., & Ruck, B. (2007). Influence of trees on the dispersion of pollutants in an urban street canyon - Experimental investigation of the flow and concentration field. Atmospheric Environment, 41: 3287-3302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.043.

Habuda, A., & Radecki, W. (2015). Ochrona prawna drzew i krzewów poza lasami (Protection trees and shrubs outside forests by legislation – in Poland). Wrocław. Available at: https://drzewa.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/OchronaPrawna_DDN_final.pdf.

Henwood, K., & Pidgeon, N. (2001). Talk about woods and trees: threat of urbanization, stability, and biodiversity. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21: 125–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2000.0196.

Jim, C.Y. (2000). The urban forestry programme in the heavily built-up milieu of Hong Kong. Cities, 17(4): 271-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00023-8.

Kadastrova karta Ukrainy (Cadastral map of Ukraine – in Ukrainian). (2023). Available at: https://kadastr. live/#15.16/49.841946/24.029101.

Kleszcz. J. (2025). In search of a new quality of urban living. A contemporary vision of the garden-city and its derivatives: new challenges and solutions for self-containment in urban areas. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 67: 73-87. DOI: http://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2025-0005.

Kronenberg, J. (2015). Why not to green a city? Institutional barriers to preserving urban ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services, 12: 218-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.07.002.

Kubus, M. (2004). Układ przestrzenny i zadrzewienie Cedyni - miasta w chronionym krajobrazie (Spatial layout and tree cover of Cedynia - a city in a protected landscape – in Poland). Folia Universitatis Agriculturae Stetinensis. Agricultura, 241(97): 35-47.

Kubus, M. (2007). Przekształcenia terenów zieleni w wybranych miastach Pomorza Zachodniego (Transformation of green areas in selected cities of Western Pomerania – in Poland). Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Ogrodnictwo, 41: 87-91

Lerue, A. (2015). Album Lubelskie (reprinted album, originally published 1857). Ladiamed Press, Warszawa.

Lewicki, J. (2023). Zieleń a zabytki. Propozycje aranżacji przestrzeni zabytkowych miast na przykładzie Warszawy i Mazowsza (Greenery and monuments. Proposals for arranging the space of historic cities on the example of Warsaw and Mazovia – in Polish). Protection of Cultural Heritage, (18): 1-22.

Lubelska Księga Standardów. Deptak – plac Litewski (Lublin Book of Standards. Promenade – Litewski Square – in Poland) (2018). Urząd miasta Lublin. Departament Inwestycji i Rozwoju. Biuro Rewtalizacji. Available at: https://lublin.eu/gfx/lublin/userfiles/_public/lublin/przestrzen_miejska/lubelska_ksiega_standardow/lubelska_ksiega_standardow_2.pdf.

Lück, H. (2014). Aspects of the transfer of the Saxon-Magdeburg Law to Central and Eastern Europe. Rechtsgeschichte – Legal History, 22: 79-89. DOI: 10.12946/rg22/079-089.

Lvivska miska rada. Pro zatverdzhennia Kompleksnoi stratehii ozelenennia m. Lvova (Lviv City Council. On the approval of the Comprehensive Greening Strategy of the city of Lviv– in Ukrainian). (2018). Decision No. 3629 of 27.06.2018.

Łukaszkiewicz, J. (2013). Nasadzenia zastępcze drzew w miastach ‒ główne problemy z decyzjami administracyjnymi (Replacement tree plantings in cities ‒ main problems with administrative decisions– in Poland). Zrównoważony Rozwój, 4: 27-37. Available at: https://sendzimir.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ZRZ4_str_29-39.pdf.

MacGregor-Fors, I., Morales-Pérez, L., & Schondube, J.E. (2011). Does size really matter? Species–arearelationships in human settlements. Diversity and Distributions, 17(1): 112–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00714.x.

Mizgajski, A., Trzaskowska, E., Dubis, L., Zajączkowski, D., & Borysiak, J. (2023). Distribution of trees in medieval areas of East-Central European cities ‒ regularities and peculiarities. Urban Ecosystems, 26: 1169–1180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01365-5.

Mullaney, J., Lucke, T., & Trueman, S.J. (2015). A review of benefits and challenges in growing street trees in paved urban environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134: 157-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.013.

Nowak, D.J., & Greenfield, E.J. (2018). Declining Urban and Community Tree Cover in the United States. Urban forestry & Urban greening, 32: 32-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.03.006.

Nowak, D.J., Greenfield, E.J., Hoehn, R.E., & Lapoint, E. (2013). Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States. Environmental Pollution, 178: 229-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.019.

Ottitsch, A., & Krott, M. (2005). Urban Forest Policy and Planning. Urban Forests and Trees, 117-148. DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27684-X_6.

Pataki, D.E., Alberti, M., Cadenasso, M.L., Felson, A.J., McDonnell, M.J., Pincetl, S., Pouyat, R.V., Setälä, H., & Whitlow, T.H. (2021). The benefits and limits of urban tree planting for environmental and human health. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 603757. DOI: https://doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.603757.

Pauleit, S., Ambrose-Oji, B., Andersson, E., Anton, B., Buijs, A., Haase, D., Elands, B., Hansen, R., Kowarik, I., Kronenberg, J., Mattijssen, T., Olafsson, A.S., Rall, E., van der Jagt, A.P.N., & van den Bosch, C.K. (2019). Advancing urban green infrastructure in Europe: Outcomes and reflections from the GREEN SURGE project. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 40: 4-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.10.006.

Plan Adaptacji do zmian klimatu Miasta Lublin do roku 2030. (Climate Change Adaptation Plan the city of Lublin by 2030 – in Polish). (2019). Available at: https://bip.lublin.eu/strategia-i-planowanie/ochrona-srodowiska/plan-adaptacji-do-zmian-klimatu-miasta-lublin-do-roku-2030,3,28275,2.html.

Plan dii staloho enerhetychnoho rozvytku ta klimatu lvivskoi terytorialnoi hromady 2030. (Sustainable energy development and climate action plan of Lviv city territorial community 2030 – in Ukrainian). (2022). Lviv.

Portal Systemu Informacji Przestrzennej Miasta Poznania (Portal of the Spatial Information System of the City of Poznań – in Polish). (2023). Available at: https://sipgeoportal.geopoz.poznan.pl/start/.

Program Rewitalizacji dla Lublina na lata 2017-2023 (Revitalization Program for Lublin for 2017-2023 – in Polish). (2017). Available at: https://bip.lublin.eu/strategia-i-planowanie/rewitalizacja/programu-rewitalizacji-dla-lublina-na-lata-2017-2023/.

Przesmycka, N. (2017). Współczesne europejskie tendencje architektoniczne a możliwości techniczne nasadzeń drzew przyulicznych (Contemporary European architectural trends and technical possibilities of planting street trees – in Polish). In: Roślinność pasów przydrożnych Lublina (Vegetation of roadside strips in Lublin – in Polish). Urząd miasta Lublin.

Shevchenko, O.H., & Vlasiuk, O.I. (2015). Otsinka vrazlyvosti ta zakhody z adaptatsii do zminy klimatu: Lviv. (Vulnerability assessment and climate change adaptation measures: Lviv – in Ukrainian). Kyiv.

Sjöman, H., Hirons, A.D., & Bassuk, N.L. (2018). Improving confidence in tree species selection for challenging urban sites: a role for leaf turgor loss. Urban Ecosystems, 21(6): 1171-1188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-018-0791-5.

Sustainable energy development and climate action plan of Lviv city territorial community 2030. (Sustainable energy development and climate action plan of Lviv city territorial community 2030 – in Ukrainian). (2022). Lviv

System Informacji Przestrzennej Lublina (Lublin Spatial Information System – in Polish). (2023). Available at: https://lublin.eu/lublin/sipl/.

Szczepanek, J., & Trzaskowska, E. (2019). Odzyskiwanie przestrzeni publicznych w miejscowościach z ruchem tranzytowym na przykładzie Grybowa (Reclaiming public spaces in towns with transit traffic on the example of Grybów– in Polish). Scientarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, 18(2): 203-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.3665.

Tian, Y., Jim, C.Y., & Tao, Y. (2012). Challenges and Strategies for Greening the Compact City of Hong Kong. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 138: 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000076.

Trušiņš, J. (2000). Pilsētu plānošanas tendences Eiropā un Latvijā. (The Trends of Urban Planning in Europe and Latvia – in Latvian). Construction Science, 1: 63-69.

Trzaskowska, E., & Januszczyk, W. (2016). Zatracanie tożsamości przestrzeni publicznych małych miast Lubelszczyzny. In: Tożsamość Krajobrazu 4. O Różnorodności Współczesnego Krajobrazu. (Losing the identity of public spaces in small towns in the Lublin region. In: Landscape Identity. About the Diversity of the Contemporary Landscape– in Polish). In: Kłopotowski, M., Gawryluk, D. (eds.). Politechnika Białostocka, Białystok. Available at: https://pbc.biaman.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=47753.

Trzaskowska E, Renda J., Adamiec P., & Kułak A. (2023). The preferences of public space users as to the introduction of various forms of greenery in the Old Town of Lublin, Poland. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 61: 19-35. DOI: http://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0023.

Weimann, H., Rylander, L., van den Bosch, M.A., Albin, M., Skarback. E., Grahn. P., & Bjork. J. (2017). Perception of safety is a prerequisite for the association between neighbourhood green qualities and physical activity: results from a cross-sectional study in Sweden. Health & Place, 45: 124-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.011.

Wytyczne do projektowania, ochrony oraz pielęgnacji zieleni przyulicznej. Zarząd dróg miejskich w Poznaniu (Guidelines for the design, protection and care of street greenery. Board of city roads in Poznań – in Polish). (2019). Available at: https://zdm.poznan.pl/upload/wytyczne_dla_wykonawcow/wytyczne_dla_zieleni_przyulicznej.pdf.

Ziemeļniece, A. (2012). Contextual searches of the architectural space and green structure of Bauska Old town. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 36(4): 298-303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2012.752935.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

Downloads

  • PDF

Published

2025-07-23

How to Cite

1.
MIZGAJSKI, Andrzej, TRZASKOWSKA, Ewa, DUBIS, Lidiya and ZAJACZKOWSKI, Dominik. Trees in the ground or in pots: between theory and practice in Poland and Ukraine . Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series. Online. 23 July 2025. No. 69, pp. 7-19. [Accessed 27 December 2025]. DOI 10.12775/bgss-2025-0024.
  • ISO 690
  • ACM
  • ACS
  • APA
  • ABNT
  • Chicago
  • Harvard
  • IEEE
  • MLA
  • Turabian
  • Vancouver
Download Citation
  • Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  • BibTeX

Issue

No. 69 (2025): September

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Andrzej Mizgajski, Ewa Trzaskowska, Lidiya Dubis, Dominik Zajaczkowski

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Title, logo and layout of journal Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series are reserved trademarks of Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.

Stats

Number of views and downloads: 403
Number of citations: 0

Search

Search

Browse

  • Browse Author Index
  • Issue archive

User

User

Current Issue

  • Atom logo
  • RSS2 logo
  • RSS1 logo

Information

  • For Readers
  • For Authors
  • For Librarians

Newsletter

Subscribe Unsubscribe

Tags

Search using one of provided tags:

trees, large pots, urban studies, geography, planning & development, landscaping, historical part of cities
Up

Akademicka Platforma Czasopism

Najlepsze czasopisma naukowe i akademickie w jednym miejscu

apcz.umk.pl

Partners

  • Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
  • Akademickie Towarzystwo Andragogiczne
  • Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
  • Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk
  • Instytut Kultur Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych PAN
  • Instytut Tomistyczny
  • Karmelitański Instytut Duchowości w Krakowie
  • Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego
  • Państwowa Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Krośnie
  • Państwowa Akademia Nauk Stosowanych we Włocławku
  • Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa im. Stanisława Pigonia w Krośnie
  • Polska Fundacja Przemysłu Kosmicznego
  • Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne
  • Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze
  • Towarzystwo Miłośników Torunia
  • Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
  • Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  • Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
  • Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika
  • Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
  • Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna - Książnica Kopernikańska
  • Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Pelplinie / Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne „Bernardinum" w Pelplinie

© 2021- Nicolaus Copernicus University Accessibility statement Shop