The spatial structure of domestic tourist trips of Polish residents in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0033Keywords
tourist mobility, domestic tourist trips, Covid-19 pandemic, PolandAbstract
In Poland in 2020, the number of domestic tourist trips decreased by over one fi ft h (more for short-term than long-term trips), which was probably related to the Covid-19 pandemic. This large decline in the number of domestic tourist trips was not associated with significant changes in their spatial structure. The recovery in domestic tourist trips in 2022 also did not affect their spatial structure,
which continues to be mainly determined by the distribution of tourist attractions in the country. The analysis at the voivodeship level showed no preference were observed during the Covid-19 pandemic for domestic trips to voivodeships with a lower level of urbanization (i.e. voivodeships with a greater share of rural areas, less frequently visited so far - generally with lower tourist values). The spatial structure of the recovery in domestic tourism turned out to be sensitive to the level of Covid-19 deaths, which slowed it down. In 2022, the recovery in domestic tourist traffi c was somewhat influenced by the war in neighboring Ukraine, which had a significant slowing effect in the eastern voivodeships of Poland.
References
Altuntas, F. & Gok, M.S. (2021). The effect of Covid-19 pandemic on domestic tourism: A DEMATEL method analysis on quarantine decisions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92: 102719.
Arbulú, I., Razumova, M., Rey-Maquieira, J. & Sastre F. (2021). Can domestic tourism relieve the Covid-19 tourist industry crisis? The case of Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20: 100568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100568.
Arora, S. & Sharma, A. (2021). Covid-19 impact on overtourism: diversion from mass tourism to alternative tourism. In: Sharma, A. Hassan, A. (eds.), Overtourism as destination risk, 275-283, Emerald Publishing Limited. DOI: 10.1108/9781839097065.
Bratić, M., Radivojević, A., Stojiljković, N., Simović, O., Juvan, E., Lesjak, M. & Podovšovnik, E. (2021) Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ Covid-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift. Sustainability, 13: 3573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063573.
Chiet, C.L.S. & Razak, K.A. (2021). Factors Influencing Domestic Tourist Preference of Holiday Destination in Malaysia During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 11: 4.
Das, S.S. & Tiwari, A.K. (2021). Understanding international and domestic travel intention of Indian travellers during Covid-19 using a Bayesian approach. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2): 228–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1830341.
Donaire, J.A., Galí, N. & Camprubi, R. (2021). Empty Summer: International Tourist Behavior in Spain during Covid-19. Sustainability, 13: 4356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084356.
Falk, M., Hagsten, E. & Lin, X. (2022). Uneven domestic tourism demand in times of pandemic. Tourism Economics, 29(3): 1–16. DOI: 10.1177/13548166211059409.
Filimon, S., Schiemenz, C., Bartl, E., Lindner, E., Namberger, P. & Schmude, J. (2022). Travel participation of Germans before and during the Covid-19 pandemic – the effects of sociodemographic variables. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(24): 4031-4046. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2022.2071684.
Fotiadis, A., Polyzos, S. & Huan, T.C. (2021). The good, the bad and the ugly on Covid-19 tourism recovery. Annals of Tourism Research, 87: 103117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103117.
Gierczak-Korzeniowska, B., Szpara, K. & Stopa, M. (2021). Regional tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic: Losses, missed opportunities and new developments for the tourism industry. Tourism, 31(2): 65–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.31.2.04.
Gössling S. & Schweiggart N. (2022). Two years of Covid-19 and tourism: what we learned, and what we should have learned. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4): 915-931. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2022.2029872. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2029872.
Gössling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C.M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1): 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708.
Gyimothy S., Braun E. & Zenker S. (2022). Travel-at-home: Paradoxical effects of a pandemic threat on domestic tourism. Tourism Management, 93: 104613.
Hall, C.M., Scott, D. & Gössling, S. (2020). Pandemics, transformations and tourism: Be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, 22(3): 577–598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020a). Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after Covid-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3): 610- 620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1757748.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020b). The “war over tourism”: challenges to sustainable tourism in the tourism academy after Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(4): 551-569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1803334.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Bigby, B.Ch. & Doering, A. (2021). Socialising tourism after Covid-19: reclaiming tourism as a social force? Journal of tourism futures, 8(2): 1-12. DOI: 10.1108/JTF-03-2021-0058.
Huang, S. & Wang, X. (2022). Covid-19 two years on: a review of Covid-19-related empirical research in major tourism and hospitality journals. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, ahead-of-print. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0393.
Ioannides, D. & Gyimothy, S. (2020). The Covid-19 crisis as an opportunity for escaping the unsustainable global tourism path. Tourism Geographies, 22(3): 624–632. DOI: 10.1080/14616688.2020.1763445.
Jacobsen, J.K.S., Farstad, E., Higham, J., Hopkins, D. & Landa-Mata, I. (2021). Travel discontinuities, enforced holi-daying-at-home and alternative leisure travel futures after Covid-19. Tourism Geographies 25(2-3): 1–19. DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2021.1943703.
Jeon, C-Y. & Yang, H-W. (2021). The structural changes of a local tourism network: Comparison before and after Covid-19. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(23): 3324-3338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1874890.
Jones, P. (2022). A Review of the UK’s Tourism Recovery Plans Post Covid-19. Athens Journal of Tourism, 9(1): 9-18. DOI: 10.30958/ajt.9-1-1.
Kennell, J. (2020). Tourism policy research after the Covid-19 pandemic: reconsidering the role of the state in tourism. Skyline Business Journal, 16(1): 68-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37383/SBJ160106.
Kezia H. Mkwizu. (2021). Re-defining Domestic Tourism in the New Normal: A literature Review. In 3rd Africa-Asia Dialogue Network (AADN) International Conference on Advances in Business Management and Electronic Commerce Research (AADNIC-ABMECR '21). Ganzhou, China. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 5 Pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3503491.3503496.
Kock, F., Nǿrfelt, A., Josiassen, A., Assaf, A.G. & Tsionas, M.G. (2020). Understanding the Covid-19 psyche: The evolutionary tourism paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research, 85: 103053. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103053.
Kowalska, K. & Niezgoda, A. (2020). Covid-19 as a tourist activity inhibitor as evidenced by Poles’ holiday plans. Studia Periegetica, 4(32): 9-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6526.
Kugiejko, M. & Żyto, A. (2022). Illegal domestic tourism of Poles during the Covid-19 pandemic – introduction to the research. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Administratio Locorum, 21(1): 125–138. Available at: DOI: 10.31648/aspal.7063.
Kumudumali, S.H.T. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism Industry: A Review. MPRA Paper No. 102834, posted 16 Sep 2020 09:48 UTC. Available at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102834/.
Kvítková, Z., Petrů, Z. & Zíková, A. (2021). Domestic tourism, its potential to compensate the outage of international arrivals caused by Covid-19 and the vulnerability of different groups of countries (a cluster analysis). Barataria Revista Castellano-Manchega de Ciencias Sociales Nº 30, pp. 99-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20932/barataria.v0i30.605.
Li, J., Furuoka, F., Lim, B. & Pazim, K.H. (2020). Risk perception and domestic travel intension during the covid-19 pandemic: a conceptual paper. BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development, 9(1).
Lijewski, T., Mikułowski, B. & Wyrzykowski, J. (2008). Geography of Tourism in Poland. PWE.
Lin, Y. (2021). Review of the influences of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism. E3S Web of Conferences, 275: 01019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501019.
Lück, M. & Seeler, S. (2021). Understanding Domestic Tourists to Support Covid-19 Recovery Strategies – The Case of Aotearoa New Zealand. Journal Of Responsible Tourism Management, 1(2): 10-20. DOI: 10.47263/JRTM.01-02-02.
Matczak, A. & Szymańska, D. (2022). Tourist mobility of Polish residents in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 58(58): 183-201. DOI: http://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2022-0042.
McGinlay, J., Gkoumas, V., Holtvoeth, J., Fuertes, R.F. A., Bazhenova, E., Benzoni, A., Botsch, K., Martel, C.C., Sánchez, C.C., Cervera, I., Chaminade, G., Doerstel, J., García, C.J.F., Jones, A., Lammertz, M., Lotman, K., Odar, M., Pastor, T., Ritchie, C., Santi, S., Smolej, M., Rico, F.S., Waterman, H., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Kontoleon, A., Dimitrakopoulos, P.G. & Jones, N. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on the Management of European Protected Areas and Policy Implications. Forests, 11: 1214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111214.
Neuberger, L. & Egger, R. (2020). Travel risk perception and travel bahavior during the Covid-19 pandemic 2020: a case study of the DACH region. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(5): 1-14.
Niewiadomski, P. (2020). Covid-19: from temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of tourism? Tourism Geographies, 22(3): 651-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1757749.
Özdemir, M.A. & Yildiz, S. (2020). How Covid-19 outbreak affects tourists’ travel intentions: A case study of Turkey. Social, Mentality and Smart Thinkers Journal, 6: 1101-1113.
Pahrudin, P., Liu L.W., Li, S.Y., Fahrurrozi, M. & Ali, M. (2022). Investigating the Covid-19 outbreak and tourism sector for future research agenda: a bibliometric analysis approach. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 42: 824–831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.422spl23-894.
Persson-Fischer U. & Liu S. (2021). The Impact of a Global Crisis on Areas and Topics of Tourism Research. Sustainability, 13(2): 906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020906.
Pinos-Navarrete, A. & Shaw, G. (2021). Spa tourism opportunities as strategic sector in aiding recovery from Covid-19: the Spanish model. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 21(2): 245–250
Qiu, R.T.R., Park, J., Li, S. & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84: 102994: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102994.
Renaud, L. (2020). Reconsidering global mobility—distancing from mass cruise tourism in the aftermath of Covid-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3): 679–689.
Rocznik Statystyczny RP (z lat 1991-2023) (Statistical Yearbook of Poland). GUS (Central Statistical Office), Warsaw.
Rogerson, C.M & Rogerson, J.M. (2021). Covid-19 and Changing Tourism Demand: Research Review and Policy Implications for South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(1): 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-83.
Runge, J. (2006). Metody badań w geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej – elementy metodologii, wybrane narzędzia badawcze (Research methods in socio-economic geography - elements of methodology, selected research tools - in Polish). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice.
Seyfi, S., Hall, C.M. & Saarinen, J. (2022). Rethinking sustainable substitution between domestic and international tourism: a policy thought experiment, Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. DOI: 10.1080/19407963.2022.2100410.
Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and Covid-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117: 312–321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015.
Tanguay, G. & Rajaonson, J. (2022). Domestic Tourism Impacts on Local Destinations During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Canadian Case Study. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 6(2): 36-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhtm.20220602.13.
UNWTO. (2021). This crisis is an opportunity to rethink the tourism sector. Available at: https://www.unwto.org/un-tourism-news-21.
Utkarsh & Sigala, M. (2021). A bibliometric review of research on Covid-19 and tourism: Reflections for moving forward. Tourism Management Perspectives, 40: 100912. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100912.
Vashar, A., Štastná, M. (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on rural tourism in Czechia: Preliminary considerations. Current Issues in Tourism, 25: 187-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1839027.
Viana-Lora A. & Nel-lo-Andreu M.G. (2022). Bibliometric analysis of trends in Covid-19 and tourism. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9: 173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01194-5.
Viglia, G. & Dolnicar, S. (2020) A review of experiments in tourism and hospitality. Annals of Tourism Research, 80: 102858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102858.
Volgger, M., Taplin, R. & Aebli, A. (2021). Recovery of domestic tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic: An experimental comparison of interventions. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48: 428-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.07.015.
Wen, J., Kozak, M., Yang, S. & Liu, F. (2020). Covid-19: Potential effects on Chinese citizens’ lifestyle and travel. Tourism Review, 76(1): 74-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2020-0110.
Wendt, M., Sæþórsdóttir, A.D. & Waage, E.R.H. (2022). A Break from Overtourism: Domestic Tourists Reclaiming Nature during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Tourism and Hospitality, 3: 788–802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3030048.
Widomski, M. (2020). Turystyka krajowa a pandemia (Domestic tourism vs. pandemic - in Polish). Poszerzamy Horyzonty, 21(1): 771-779.
Wojcieszak-Zbierska, M.M., Jęczmyk, A., Zawadka, J. & Uglis, J. (2020). Agritourism in the Era of the Coronavirus (Covid-19): A Rapid Assessment from Poland. Agriculture, 10: 397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090397.
World Travel & Tourism Council: Global Economic Impact & Trends (2021).
World Travel & Tourism Council: Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Global Trends (2022).
Wu, D.C., Cao, C., Liu, W. & Chen, J.C. (2022). Impact of domestic tourism on economy under Covid-19: The perspective of tourism satellite accounts. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 3: 100055
Yang, Y., Zhang, C.X. & Rickly, J.M. (2021). A review of early Covid-19 research in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research's Curated Collection on coronavirus and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 91: 103313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103313.
Zenker, S. & Kock, F. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic – A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda. Tourism Management, 81: 104164. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164.
Zheng, D., Luo, Q. & Ritchie, B. (2021). Afraid to travel after Covid-19?: Self-protection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear’. Tourism Management, 83: 104261. DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104261.
Zopiatis, A., Pericleous, K. & Theofanous, Y. (2020). Covid-19 and hospitality and tourism research: An integrative review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48: 275–279.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Daniela Szymańska; Andrzej Matczak
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Title, logo and layout of journal Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series are reserved trademarks of Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.Stats
Number of views and downloads: 401
Number of citations: 0
