Historical spatial structures in small towns and their role in the cultural landscape: a case study of towns in the polish region of Warmia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2024-0004Keywords
urban studies, small towns, spatial structure, cultural landscape, architectural landmarksAbstract
Historical town centers have a different layout and functions than do contemporary urban districts. The urban layout and architecture of medieval towns constitute tangible cultural heritage that shapes the local landscape. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate historical spatial structures in small towns, and to describe their role in the evolution of the regional cultural landscape.
The study examined medieval towns in the region of Warmia in north-eastern Poland. An attempt was also made to explore the impact that historical towns exert on the local cultural landscape. The study demonstrated that a medieval urban spatial layout makes a fundamental contribution to the local landscape and regional identity. The study also revealed that well-preserved historical structures
can drive local development and effectively promote regions.
References
Alexander, C. (1965). A City Is Not Tree. Archit. Forum, 122: 58–66.
Alexandrakis, G., Manasakis, C. & Kampanis, N.A. (2019). Economic and societal impacts on cultural heritage sites, resulting from natural effects and climate change. Heritage, 2(1): 279–305.
Bagiński, E. (1998). Małe miasta w strukturze osiedleńczej Polski (Small towns in the settlement structure of Poland – in Polish). Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej: Wrosław.
Bartosiewicz, B., Kwiatek-Sołtys, A. & Kurek, S. (2019). Does the process of shrinking concern also small towns? Lessons from Poland. Quaestiones Geographicae, 38(4): 91–105. DOI: 10.2478/quageo-2019-0039.
Benevolo, L. (1995). The History of the City. MIT Press.
Biegańska, J. & Szymańska, D. (2013). The scale and the dynamics of permanent migration in rural and peri-urban areas in Poland: some problems. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series, 21: 21–30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0017.
Boetticher, A. (1894). Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Ostpreussen (Architectural and art monuments of the province of East Prussia – in German). Heft IV, Das Ermland, Königsberg.
Bonk, H. (1895). Städte und Burgen in Altpreussen (Ordensgründungen) in ihrer Beziehung zur Bodengestaltung (Cities and castles in Old Prussia (founding of orders) in their relationship to land formation – in German). Königsberg, 38-141.
Barchino, A.T., Llopis Verdu, J. & Serra Lluch, J. (2018). Recovering Chromatic Space as a Sign of Identity in the Historic City, In: Putting tradition into practice: heritage, place and design. Book Series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 3: 1321–1328.
Bravo, L. (2010). La città storica contemporanea: genius loci e genius saeculi. IN_BO. Contemporary historic city: genius loci and genius saeculi - in Latin). Ricerche e progetti per il territorio, la città e l'architettura, 1(1), 39-52.
Broadway, M. (2015). Implementing the Slow Life in Southwest Ireland: a Case Study of Clonakilty and Local Food. Geographical Review, 105(2): 216–234. DOI: 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2014.12067.x.
Canter, D. (1977). The Psychology of Place. The Architectural Press, London.
Churski, P., Herodowicz, T., Konecka-Szydłowska, B. & Perdał R. (2021). Spatial Differentiation of the Socio-Economic Development of Poland – “Invisible” Historical Heritage. Land, 10: 1247. DOI: 10.3390/land10111247.
Czubiel, L. & Domagała, T. (1969). Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie Warmii i Mazur (Historic urban centers of Warmia and Mazury - in Polish). Pojezierze, Olsztyn.
Demografia. (2022). Available at: www.demografia.stat.gov.pl (20.06.2022).
Durrel, L. (1969). Spirit of Place. London – New York.
Encyklopedia Warmia Mazury. (2023). Available at: www.encyklopedia.warmia.mazury.pl/index.php?title=Plik:Warmia_mapka.jpg (15.12.2023).
Figliuolo, B. (2015). Economic typology of the cities in the lower middle ages. Nuova Rivista Storica, 99(3): 823–836.
Fusch, R. (1994). The piazza in Italian urban morphology. Geographical Review, 84(4): 424–438.
Gzell, S. (2014). O Architekturze szkice pisane i rysowane (On architecture – written and drawn sketches – in Polish). Ed. Blue Bird, Warszawa.
Haas, T. (2009). Traditional European squares in contemporary urbanism: Dubrovnik’s medieval squares. Open House International, 34(4): 57–73.
Hardt, M. (2000). Fortifications of a medieval city. Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschaft, 48(4): 358–360.
Hoeschele, W. (2010). Measuring abundance: the case of Cittaslow’s attempts to support better quality of life. International Journal of Green Economics, 4(1): 63–81. DOI: 10.1504/IJGE.2010.032601.
Jaszczak, A. & Denekas, J. (2014). Znaczenie cech krajobrazu w kreowaniu przestrzeni kulturowej w układach regionalnych (The importance of landscape features in shaping cultural space in regional systems – in Polish). Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego, 25: 7–18.
Jedwab, R., Johnson, N.D. & Koyama, M. (2022). Medieval cities through the lens of urban economics. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 94: 103598.
Kowalczyk, A. (2008). Krajobraz kulturowy (Cultural landscape) In: Eds. Z. Młynarczyk & A. Zajadacz (eds). Uwarunkowania i plany rozwoju turystyki, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań.
Krassowski, W. (1990). Dzieje budownictwa i architektury na ziemiach Polski (History of civil engineering and architecture in Polish territories – in Polish). Vol. 2. Warszawa, 37.
Kwiatek-Sołtys, A. & Mainet, H. (2014). Quality of life and attractiveness of small towns: a comparison of France and Poland. Questiones Geographicae, 33(2): 103-113. DOI: 10.2478/quageo-2014-0019.
Lewerenz, T. (1975). Die Größenentwicklung der Kleinstädte in Ost - und Westpreußen bis zum ende des 18. Jahrhunderts (The size development of small towns in East and West Prussia up to the end of the 18th century – in German). Marburg/Lahn.
Mallet, S. (2018). The cittaslow label and its sreanding in France: The slow to produce sustainable spaces? Territoire en mouvement Revue de géographie et aménagement, 37. DOI: 10.4000/tem.4173.
Matthew, D. (1983). Atlas of Medieval Europe. Checkmark Books.
Mayer, H. & Knox, L.P. (2006). Slow Cities: Sustainable Places in a Fast World. Journal of Urban Affairs, 28(4): 321–334.
Miele, M. (2008). CittàSlow: Producing Slowness against the Fast Life. Space and Polity, 12(1): 135–156.
Myga-Piątek, U. (2012). Krajobrazy kulturowe. Aspekty ewolucyjne i typologiczne (Cultural landscapes. Evolutionary and typological aspects – in Polish). Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice.
Orhan, M. (2017). Different Approach to Forming Sustainable Cities: Cittaslow. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 18(3): 1017–1026.
PuzzleFactory. (2023). Available at: www.puzzlefactory.pl/pl/puzzle/graj/krajobrazy/297006-regiony-polski#5x6 (15.12.2023).
Saraiva, M. & Pinho, P. (2017). Spatial modelling of commercial spaces in medium-sized cities. Geojournal, 82(3): 433–454.
Sitte, C. (1909). Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (Urban planning according to its artistic principles – in German). Basel-Boston-Berlin.
Srokowski, S. (1945). Prusy Wschodnie. Studium geograficzne, gospodarcze i społeczne (East Prussia. Geographic, economic and social studies – in Polish). Gdańsk - Bydgoszcz - Toruń.
Szymańska, D., & Grzelak-Kostulska, E. (2005a). Problematyka małych miast w Polsce w świetle literatury (Problems of small towns in Poland in the light of the scientific literature– in Polish). In: K. Heffner & T. Marszał (eds.), 2005, Problemy rozwoju małych miast w wymiarze lokalnym i regionalnym (Contemporary problems of small towns' development: local and regional aspects – in Polish). Warszawa, PAN KPZK. Available at: http://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/538.
Szymańska, D. & Grzelak-Kostulska, E. (2005b). Małe miasta w Polsce - zmiany ludnościowe i funkcjonalne w drugiej połowie XX wieku. In: K. Heffner (ed.), Małe miasta a rozwój lokalny i regionalny. Akademia Ekonomiczna w Katowicach. Available at: http://repozytorium.umk.pl/handle/item/545.
Tołwiński, T. (1939). Urbanistyka. Vol. I. Budowa miasta w przeszłości (Urban Planning. Vol. 1. The construction of the city in the past – in Polish). Zakład Urbanistyki Politechniki Warszawskiej, Warszawa.
Wejchert, K. (2008). Elementy kompozycji urbanistycznej (Elements of urban composition – in Polish). Arkady, Warszawa.
Włacz Polskę. (2022). Available at: www.wlaczpolske.pl/index.php?etap=10&i=289&nomenu=1 (20.06.2022).
Wikipedia. (2022). Available at: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warmia (Accessed: 20 June 2022).
Zagroba, M., Pawlewicz, K. & Senetra, A. (2021). Analysis and Evaluation of the Spatial Structure of Cittaslow Towns on the Example of Selected Regions in Central Italy and North-Eastern Poland. Land, 10(8): 1–29. DOI: 10.3390/land10080780.
Zagroba, M., Szczepańska, A. & Senetra, A. (2020). Analysis and evaluation of historical public spaces in small towns in the Polish region of Warmia. Sustainability, 12(20): 8356. DOI: 10.3390/su12208356.
Zielone Płuca Polski – walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe (Green Lungs of Poland – natural and cultural values) (2009), In: K. Wolfram (Ed.), Białystok: Fundacja Zielone Płuca Polski.
Zonneveld, J.I.S. (1990). Introduction to cultural aspect of the landscape. IALE Conference, Wageningen.
Zuzańska-Żyśko, E. (2007). Small towns in Śląskie voivodeship. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, (07): 5-14. DOI: doi.org/10.1515/2440, https://apcz.umk.pl/BGSS/article/view/2440.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Marek Zagroba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Title, logo and layout of journal Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series are reserved trademarks of Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.Stats
Number of views and downloads: 377
Number of citations: 0