Urban Green Spaces: how geospatial information can help identify diversity. A case study from eastern Lesser Poland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2022-0031Keywords
Shannon’s Diversity Index, SHDI, hot spot analysis, land cover, GIS, basic assessment fieldsAbstract
Progressing globalisation and suburbanisation are driving dynamic changes in land management, particularly in suburban zones. Green infrastructure and its impact on human quality of life are playing an increasingly important role in appropriate spatial management, because of human activities that are changing the natural environment. Therefore, monitoring and assessing the proportion of green spaces is essential for environmental, urban and social balance. The purpose of the study is to develop a method for measuring and monitoring the diversity of land cover classes, including green spaces as representatives of natural land cover
classes. The proposed method describes the current state of land in quantitative and qualitative terms based on spatial data on land cover. The study employs Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI) to empirically investigate land cover homogeneity. The intensity of the phenomenon was visualised in space using statistical hot spot analysis. The case study involves two cities in eastern Lesser Poland and districts adjacent to them. The results have demonstrated that the investigated areas have a highly heterogenic land cover. Basic assessment fields have exhibited homogeneity only towards large, green, agricultural, environmentally valuable and, often, protected areas. The results concerning urban green spaces comprise a set of data that constitute a valuable source of information to aid the development of informed urban-planning solutions under the sustainable development paradigm.
References
Acuto, M. & Leffel, B. (2021). Understanding the global ecosystem of city networks. Urban Studies, 58(9): 1758–1774. DOI: 10.1177/0042098020929261.
Affek, A. (2016). Dynamika krajobrazu. Uwarunkowania i prawidłowości na przykłądzie dorzecza Wiaru w Karpatach (XVIII-XXI wiek)(Landscape dynamics : determinants and patterns on the example of the Wiar river basin in the Carpathians (18th - 21st century) - in Polish). Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego PAN.
Affolderbach, J., O’Neill, K. & Preller, B. (2019). Global-local tensions in urban green neighbourhoods: a policy mobilities approach to discursive change in Freiburg, Vancouver and Luxembourg. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 101(4): 271–290. DOI: 10.1080/04353684.2019.1681286.
Alberti, M., Booth, D., Hill, K., Coburn, B., Avolio, C., Coe, S. & Spirandelli, D. (2007). The impact of urban patterns on aquatic ecosystems: An empirical analysis in Puget lowland sub-basins. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80(4): 345–361. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.08.001.
Alberti, M., Marzluff, J. M., Shulenberger, E., Bradley, G., Ryan, C. & Zumbrunnen, C. (2003). Integrating Humans into Ecology: Opportunities and Challenges for Studying Urban Ecosystems. BioScience, 53(12): 1169–1179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[1169:IHIEOA]2.0.CO;2.
Antczak, E. (2017). Urban Greenery in the Greatest Polish Cities: Analysis of Spatial Concentration. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Open Science Index 125, International Journal of Urban and Civil Engineering, 11(5): 578–585. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1130093.
Aram, F., Higueras García, E., Solgi, E. & Mansournia, S. (2019). Urban green space cooling effect in cities. Heliyon, 5(4): e01339. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01339.
Arbia, G. & Piras, G. (2009). A new class of spatial concentration measures. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 53(12): 4471–4481. DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2009.07.003.
Balawejder, M., Kolodiy, P., Kuśnierz, K. & Sebzda, J. (2021). Analysis of local spatial development plans for the smart city of Rzeszow (Poland). GIS Odyssey Journal, 1(1): 147–162.
Barczyk-Ciuła, J. & Satoła, Ł. (2021). Urban sprawl entrepreneurship as an alternative to decentralization of the labor market: Case study on the kraków metropolitan area. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia, 19(4): 5–14. DOI: 10.22630/ASPE.2020.19.4.35.
Baycan-Levent, T. & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Planning and Management of Urban Green Spaces in Europe: Comparative Analysis. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 135(1): 1–12. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2009)135:1(1).
Belavilas, N., Vatavali, F., Soureli, N. & Prentou, P. (2012). Free spaces, urban and suburbangreen in the metropolitan complex of Athens. Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference of Urban Planning and Regional Development, 587–592.
Benito-Calvo, A., Pérez-González, A., Magri, O. & Meza, P. (2009). Assessing regional geodiversity: the Iberian Peninsula. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34(10): 1433–1445. DOI: 10.1002/esp.1840.
Birch, C.P.D., Oom, S.P. & Beecham, J.A. (2007). Rectangular and hexagonal grids used for observation, experiment and simulation in ecology. Ecological Modelling, 206(3–4): 347–359. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.041.
Birch, C.P.D., Vuichard, N. & Werkman, B.R. (2000). Modelling the Effects of Patch Size on Vegetation Dynamics: Bracken [Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn] under Grazing. Annals of Botany, 85(2): 63–76. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a010319.
Botequilha Leitão, A. & Ahern, J. (2002). Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 59(2): 65–93. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00005-1.
Cao, H., Liu, J., Fu, C., Zhang, W., Wang, G., Yang, G. & Luo, L. (2017). Urban Expansion and Its Impact on the Land Use Pattern in Xishuangbanna since the Reform and Opening up of China. Remote Sensing, 9(2): 137. DOI: 10.3390/rs9020137.
Carsjens, G. J. & Ligtenberg, A. (2007). A GIS-based support tool for sustainable spatial planning in metropolitan areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80(1–2): 72–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.06.004.
Cegielska, K., Kukulska-Kozieł, A., Salata, T., Piotrowski, P. & Szylar, M. (2019). Shannon entropy as a peri-urban landscape metric: concentration of anthropogenic land cover element. Journal of Spatial Science, 64(3): 469–489. DOI: 10.1080/14498596.2018.1482803.
Cegielska, K., Noszczyk, T., Kukulska, A., Szylar, M., Hernik, J., Dixon-Gough, R., Jombach, S., Valánszki, I. & Filepné Kovács, K. (2018). Land use and land cover changes in post-socialist countries: Some observations from Hungary and Poland. Land Use Policy, 78: 1–18. DOI: 10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2018.06.017.
Cetin, M. (2015). Using GIS analysis to assess urban green space in terms of accessibility: case study in Kutahya. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 22(5): 420-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2015.1061066.
Chan, K.M. & Vu, T.T. (2017). A landscape ecological perspective of the impacts of urbanization on urban green spaces in the Klang Valley. Applied Geography, 85: 89–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.06.002.
Chang, I.-C.C., Jou, S.-C. & Chung, M.-K. (2021). Provincialising smart urbanism in Taipei: The smart city as a strategy for urban regime transition. Urban Studies, 58(3): 559–580. DOI: 10.1177/0042098020947908.
Chaudhry, P., Bagra, K. & Singh, B. (2011). Urban greenery status of some Indian cities: A short communication. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2(2): 98–101.
Chen, X. & Liu, X. (2022). Quantitative Analysis of Urban Spatial Morphology Based on GIS Regionalization and Spatial Syntax. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-021-01439-x.
Chen, Z., Chen, R. & Chen, S. (2021). Intelligent management information system of urban planning based on GIS. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 40(4): 6007–6016. DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189440.
Chojecka, A. (2014). Znaczenie terenów zielonych w przestrzeni publicznej oraz ich wpływ na jakość życia miejskiego (The Importance of Green Areas in Public Places and their Impact on the Quality of Urban Life - in Polish). Rynek - Społeczeństwo - Kultura, 1(9), 48–54.
da Silva, J.M.F., Santos, L.J.C. & Oka-Fiori, C. (2019). Spatial correlation analysis between topographic parameters for defining the geomorphometric diversity index: application in the environmental protection area of the Serra da Esperança (state of Paraná, Brazil). Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(12): 356. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-019-8357-2.
Darkwah, R.M., & Cobbinah, P.B. (2014). Stewardship of Urban Greenery in an Era of Global Urbanisation. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Open Science Index 94. International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, 8(10): 736–739. DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1096905.
Deng, J.S., Wang, K., Hong, Y. & Qi, J.G. (2009). Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization. Landscape and Urban Planning, 92(3): 187–198. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.05.00.
Dhanaraj, K. & Angadi, D.P. (2020). Land use land cover mapping and monitoring urban growth using remote sensing and GIS techniques in Mangaluru, India. GeoJournal, 87: 1133–1159. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-020-10302-4.
Dietzel, C., Herold, M., Hemphill, J.J. & Clarke, K.C. (2005). Spatio‐temporal dynamics in California’s Central Valley: Empirical links to urban theory. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 19(2): 175–195. DOI: 10.1080/13658810410001713407.
Dixon, T. & Eames, M. (2014). Sustainable urban development to 2050: complex transitions in the built environment of cities. In Urban Retrofitting for Sustainability. Routledge.
Dobbs, C., Nitschke, C. & Kendal, D. (2017). Assessing the drivers shaping global patterns of urban vegetation landscape structure. Science of The Total Environment, 592: 171–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.058.
Dorst, H., van der Jagt, A., Raven, R. & Runhaar, H. (2019). Urban greening through nature-based solutions – Key characteristics of an emerging concept. Sustainable Cities and Society, 49: 101620. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101620.
Dronova, I., Beissinger, S., Burnham, J. & Gong, P. (2016). Landscape-Level Associations of Wintering Waterbird Diversity and Abundance from Remotely Sensed Wetland Characteristics of Poyang Lake. Remote Sensing, 8(6): 462. DOI: 10.3390/rs8060462.
Ellis, E.C., Wang, H., Xiao, H.S., Peng, K., Liu, X.P.,Li, S.C., Ouyang, H., Cheng, X. & Yang, L.Z. (2006). Measuring long-term ecological changes in densely populated landscapes using current and historical high resolution imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 100(4): 457–473. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2005.11.002.
Faqe Ibrahim, G. (2017). Urban Land Use Land Cover Changes and Their Effect on Land Surface Temperature: Case Study Using Dohuk City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Climate, 5(1): 13. DOI: 10.3390/cli5010013.
Fernández-Pablos, E., Verdú-Vázquez, A., López-Zaldívar, Ó. & Lozano-Diez, R.V. (2021). Periurban Areas in the Design of Supra-Municipal Strategies for Urban Green Infrastructures. Forests, 12(5): 626. DOI: 10.3390/f12050626.
Fotheringham, S. & Rogerson, P. (2013). Spatial Analysis And GIS. CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781482272468.
Georgi, J.N. & Dimitriou, D. (2010). The contribution of urban green spaces to the improvement of environment in cities: Case study of Chania, Greece. Building and Environment, 45(6): 1401–1414. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.12.003.
Getis, A. & Ord, J.K. (2010). The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24(3): 189–206. DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x.
Gomez-Martinez, F., de Beurs, K.M., Koch, J. & Widener, J. (2021). Multi-Temporal Land Surface Temperature and Vegetation Greenness in Urban Green Spaces of Puebla, Mexico. Land, 10(2): 155. DOI: 10.3390/land10020155.
Gong, Y., Li, X., Cong, X. & Liu, H. (2020). Research on the Complexity of Forms and Structures of Urban Green Spaces Based on Fractal Models. Complexity, 2020: 1–11. DOI: 10.1155/2020/4213412.
González-García, A. & Sal, A.G. (2008). Private Urban Greenspaces or “Patios” as a Key Element in the Urban Ecology of Tropical Central America. Human Ecology, 36(2): 291–300. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-007-9155-0.
Goswami, J., Roy, S. & Sudhakar, S. (2013). A Novel Approach in Identification of Urban Hot Spot Using Geospatial Technology: A Case Study in Kamrup Metro District of Assam. International Journal of Geosciences, 04(05): 898–903. DOI: 10.4236/ijg.2013.45084.
Grădinaru, S.R. & Hersperger, A.M. (2019). Green infrastructure in strategic spatial plans: Evidence from European urban regions. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 40: 17–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2018.04.018.
Grecchi, R.C., Gwyn, Q.H.J., Bénié, G.B. & Formaggio, A.R. (2013). Assessing the spatio-temporal rates and patterns of land-use and land-cover changes in the Cerrados of southeastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34(15): 5369–5392. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2013.788798.
GUS. (2021). Central Statistical Office. Available at: https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/start.
Hein, C. & Van Mil, Y. (2020). Mapping as Gap-Finder: Geddes, Tyrwhitt, and the Comparative Spatial Analysis of Port City Regions. Urban Planning, 5(2): 152–166. DOI: 10.17645/up.v5i2.2803.
Iváncsics, V. & Filepné Kovács, K. (2021). Transformation of urban green spaces from a historical perspective in Veszprém, Hungary. Planning Perspectives, 36(6): 1173–1194. DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2021.1918229.
Jaeger, J.A.G. (2000). Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size: new measures of landscape fragmentation. Landscape Ecology, 15(2): 115–130. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008129329289.
Jat, M.K., Garg, P.K. & Khare, D. (2008). Monitoring and modelling of urban sprawl using remote sensing and GIS techniques. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 10(1): 26–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2007.04.002.
Jenks, G. (1967). The data model concept in statistical mapping. International Yearbook of Cartography, 7: 186–190.
Kalfas, D., Chatzitheodoridis, F., Loizou, E. & Melfou, K. (2022). Willingness to Pay for Urban and Suburban Green. Sustainability, 14(4): 2332. DOI: 10.3390/su14042332.
Kilper, H. (2018). Suburbanisation and Suburbanisms. Raumforschung Und Raumordnung, 76(2): 95–96. DOI: 10.1007/s13147-018-0528-1.
Knevels, R., Petschko, H., Leopold, P. & Brenning, A. (2019). Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis for Automated Landslide Detection Using Open Source GIS Software. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(12): 551. DOI: 10.3390/ijgi8120551.
Kong, F. & Nakagoshi, N. (2006). Spatial-temporal gradient analysis of urban green spaces in Jinan, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 78(3): 147–164. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.07.006.
Kong, F., Nobukazu, N., Yin, H. & Akira, K. (2005). Spatial gradient analysis of urban green spaces combined with landscape metrics in Jinan City of China. Chinese Geographical Science, 15(3): 254–261. DOI: 10.1007/s11769-005-0038-2.
Koohsari, M.J., Mavoa, S., Villanueva, K., Sugiyama, T., Badland, H., Kaczynski, A.T., Owen N., & Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda. Health & Place, 33: 75–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.02.009.
Koreleski, K. (2009). The System of Spatial Planning and Land Management in Poland. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, 3(2): 27–42.
Kot, R. (2015). The point bonitation method for evaluating geodiversity: a guide with examples (polish lowland). Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 97(2): 375–393. DOI: 10.1111/geoa.12079.
Kot, R. & Leśniak, K. (2006). Ocena georóżnorodności za pomocą miar krajobrazowych – podstawowe trudności metodyczne (Geodiversity valuation with the aid of landscape indices – basic methodological obstructions - in Polish). Przeglad Geograficzny, 78(1): 25–43.
Kukulska, A. & Gawroński, K. (2017). Analiza procesu planowania przestrzennego w powiecie kieleckim z uwzględnieniem stanu zaawansowania sporządzania miejscowych planów przestrzennych. Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich, I(2): 395–407. DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.14597/infraeco.2017.1.2.029.
Lai, P.C., Kwong, K.-H. & Mak, A.S.H. (2010). Assessing the Applicability and Effectiveness of 3D Visualisation in Environmental Impact Assessment. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37(2): 221–233. DOI: 10.1068/b34141.
Lang, S., Schöpfer, E., Hölbling, D., Blaschke, T., Moeller, M., Jekel, T. & Kloyber, E. (2008). Quantifying and Qualifying Urban Green by Integrating Remote Sensing, GIS, and Social Science Method. In Use of Landscape Sciences for the Assessment of Environmental Security, 93–105. Springer Netherlands. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_6.
Lang, Z. (2015). Research and Analysis on the Layout Structure of Urban Green Space System. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 31: 50–54.
Li, Q., Zhou, Y., Wang, L., Zuo, Q., Yi, S., Liu, J., Su, X., Xu, T. & Jiang, Y. (2021). The Link between Landscape Characteristics and Soil Losses Rates over a Range of Spatiotemporal Scales: Hubei Province, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21): 11044. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111044.
Li, X., Yu, L., Sohl, T., Clinton, N., Li, W., Zhu, Z., Liu, X. & Gong, P. (2016). A cellular automata downscaling based 1 km global land use datasets (2010–2100). Science Bulletin, 61(21): 1651–1661. DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1148-1.
Lin, Y.-P., Chang, C.-R., Chu, H.-J. & Cheng, B.-Y. (2011). Identifying the spatial mixture distribution of bird diversity across urban and suburban areas in the metropolis: A case study in Taipei Basin of Taiwan. Landscape and Urban Planning, 102(3): 156–163. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.04.001.
Liu, H.K., Hung, M.J., Tse, L.H. & Saggau, D. (2020). Strengthening urban community governance through geographical information systems and participation: An evaluation of my Google Map and service coordination. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 55(2): 182–200. DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.98.
Lohrberg, F. (2001). Stadtnahe Landwirtschaft in der Stadt- und Freiraumplanung: Ideengeschichte, Kategorisierung von Konzepten und Hinweise für die zukünftige Planung (Urban agriculture in urban and open space planning : history of ideas, categorisation of concepts and indications for future planning - in German). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18419/opus-14.
Lynch, A.J. (2021). The role and potential of residential open space in a suburban green space network. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 58: 126971. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126971.
M’Ikiugu, M.M., Kinoshita, I. & Tashiro, Y. (2012). Urban Green Space Analysis and Identification of its Potential Expansion Areas. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 449–458. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.110.
Mabon, L. & Shih, W.-Y. (2021). Urban greenspace as a climate change adaptation strategy for subtropical Asian cities: A comparative study across cities in three countries. Global Environmental Change, 68: 102248. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102248.
Maldonado-Marín, J.D., Alatorre-Cejudo, L.C. & Sánchez-Flores, E. (2019). Identificación de conflictos de uso de suelo para la planificación del crecimiento urbano: ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua (México). Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica, 45(2): 709. DOI: 10.18172/cig.3425.
Manton, M., Makrickas, E., Banaszuk, P., Kołos, A., Kamocki, A., Grygoruk, M., Stachowicz, M., Jarašius, L., Zableckis, N., Sendžikaitė, J., Peters, J., Napreenko, M., Wichtmann, W. & Angelstam, P. (2021). Assessment and Spatial Planning for Peatland Conservation and Restoration: Europe’s Trans-Border Neman River Basin as a Case Study. Land, 10(2): 174. DOI: 10.3390/land10020174.
McGarigal, K. & Marks, B.J. (1995). FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. DOI: 10.2737/PNW-GTR-351.
Megahed, Y., Cabral, P., Silva, J. & Caetano, M. (2015). Land Cover Mapping Analysis and Urban Growth Modelling Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Greater Cairo Region—Egypt. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(3): 1750–1769. DOI: 10.3390/ijgi4031750.
Moeletsi, R. & Tesfamichael, S. (2018). Quantifying Land Cover Changes Caused by Granite Quarries from 1973-2015 using Landsat Data. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management, 196–204. DOI: 10.5220/0006675901960204.
Mondal, B., Das, D.N. & Bhatta, B. (2017). Integrating cellular automata and Markov techniques to generate urban development potential surface: a study on Kolkata agglomeration. Geocarto International, 32(4): 401–419. DOI: 10.1080/10106049.2016.1155656.
Murayama, Y., Simwanda, M. & Ranagalage, M. (2021). Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urbanization Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Developing Countries. Sustainability, 13(7): 3681. DOI: 10.3390/su13073681.
Nagendra, H. (2002). Opposite trends in response for the Shannon and Simpson indices of landscape diversity. Applied Geography, 22(2): 175–186. DOI: 10.1016/S0143-6228(02)00002-4.
Nasehi, S. & Imanpour namin, A. (2020). Assessment of urban green space fragmentation using landscape metrics (case study: district 2, Tehran city). Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 6(4): 2405–2414. DOI: 10.1007/s40808-020-00809-7.
Navratil, G. (2020). Applications of GIScience for Land Administration. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(7): 416. DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9070416.
Nikodinoska, N., Paletto, A., Pastorella, F., Granvik, M. & Franzese, P.P. (2018). Assessing, valuing and mapping ecosystem services at city level: The case of Uppsala (Sweden). Ecological Modelling, 368: 411–424. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.10.013.
Norton, B.A., Coutts, A.M., Livesley, S.J., Harris, R.J., Hunter, A.M. & Williams, N.S.G. (2015). Planning for cooler cities: A framework to prioritise green infrastructure to mitigate high temperatures in urban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134: 127–138. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.10.018.
Pappalardo, V., La Rosa, D., Campisano, A. & La Greca, P. (2017). The potential of green infrastructure application in urban runoff control for land use planning: A preliminary evaluation from a southern Italy case study. Ecosystem Services, 26: 345–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.04.015.
Parysek, J. (1982). Modele klasyfikacji w geografii (Classification models in geography - in Polish) (Seria Geog). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza.
Patra, S., Sahoo, S., Mishra, P. & Mahapatra, S.C. (2018). Impacts of urbanization on land use /cover changes and its probable implications on local climate and groundwater level. Journal of Urban Management, 7(2): 70–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2018.04.006.
Peeters, A., Zude, M., Käthner, J., Ünlü, M., Kanber, R., Hetzroni, A., Gebbers, R. & Ben-Gal, A. (2015). Getis–Ord’s hot- and cold-spot statistics as a basis for multivariate spatial clustering of orchard tree data. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 111: 140–150. DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2014.12.011.
Piotrowska, L. (2017). Spatial planning – evolution of the system (1899-2017). Studia Regionalia, 49: 27–95. DOI: 10.12657/studreg-49-02.
Prastacos, P., Chrysoulakis, N. & Kochilakis, G. (2012). Spatial metrics for Greek cities using land cover information from the Urban Atlas. Multidisciplinary Research on Geographical Information in Europe and Beyond, 261–266.
Prastacos, P. & Lagarias, A. (2016). An analysis of the form of urban areas in Europe using spatial metrics. AGILE. Available at: https://agile-online.org/conference_paper/cds/agile_2016/shortpapers/166_Paper_in_PDF.pdf.
Pukowiec-Kurda, K. & Sobala, M. (2016). Nowa metoda oceny stopnia antropogenicznego przekształcenia krajobrazu na podstawie metryk krajobrazowych (The new method of evaluating the degree of anthropogenic landscape transformation based on landscape metrics - in Polish). Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego, 21: 71–84.
Ramachandra, T., Aithal, B.H. & Sanna, D.D. (2012). Insights to urban dynamics through landscape spatial pattern analysis. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 18: 329–343. DOI: 10.1016/J.JAG.2012.03.005.
Riitters, K.H., O’Neill, R.V., Hunsaker, C.T., Wickham, J.D., Yankee, D.H., Timmins, S.P., Jones, K.B. & Jackson, B.L. (1995). A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics. Landscape Ecology, 10(1): 23–39. DOI: 10.1007/BF00158551.
Rogatka, K., Starczewski, T. & Kowalski, M. (2021). Urban resilience in spatial planning of polish cities - True or false? Transformational perspective. Land Use Policy, 101: 105172. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105172.
Różycka-Czas, R., Czesak, B. & Sroka, W. (2022). Landscape Ecological Structure in a Suburban Area: Case Study. In: J. Hernik, M. Walczycka, E. Sankowski, & B. J. Harris (Eds.), Cultural Heritage—Possibilities for Land-Centered Societal Development. Environmental History, 285–296. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58092-6_18.
Rusche, K., Reimer, M. & Stichmann, R. (2019). Mapping and Assessing Green Infrastructure Connectivity in European City Regions. Sustainability, 11(6): 1819. DOI: 10.3390/su11061819.
Rydin, Y., Bleahu, A., Davies, M., Dávila, J.D., Friel, S., De Grandis, G., Groce, N., Hallal, P.C., Hamilton, I., Howden-Chapman, P., Lai, K.-M., Lim, C., Martins, J., Osrin, D., Ridley, I., Scott, I., Taylor, M., Wilkinson, P. & Wilson, J. (2012). Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century. The Lancet, 379(9831): 2079–2108. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60435-8.
Seeliger, L. & Turok, I. (2015). Green-Sighted but City-Blind: Developer Attitudes to Sustainable Urban Transformation. Urban Forum, 26(3): 321–341. DOI: 10.1007/s12132-015-9254-8.
Senosiain, J. (2020). Urban Regreeneration: Green Urban Infrastructure as a Response to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 15(1): 33–38. DOI: 10.18280/ijdne.150105.
Shi, L., Han, L., Yang, F. & Gao, L. (2019). The Evolution of Sustainable Development Theory: Types, Goals, and Research Prospects. Sustainability, 11(24): 7158. DOI: 10.3390/su11247158.
Simwanda, M., Murayama, Y. & Ranagalage, M. (2020). Modeling the drivers of urban land use changes in Lusaka, Zambia using multi-criteria evaluation: An analytic network process approach. Land Use Policy, 92: 104441. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104441.
Sofia, G., Marinello, F. & Tarolli, P. (2016). Metrics for quantifying anthropogenic impacts on geomorphology: road networks. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 41(2): 240–255. DOI: 10.1002/esp.3842.
Southworth, J., Nagendra, H. & Tucker, C. (2002). Fragmentation of a Landscape: Incorporating landscape metrics into satellite analyses of land-cover change. Landscape Research, 27(3): 253–269. DOI: 10.1080/01426390220149511.
Spellerberg, I.F. (2008). Shannon–Wiener Index. In: Encyclopedia of Ecology, 3249–3252. Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/B978-008045405-4.00132-4.
Sudra, P. (2016). Zastosowanie wskaźników koncentracji przestrzennej w badaniu procesów urban sprawl (Application of spatial concentration indicators in the studies of urban sprawl processes - in Polish). Przeglad Geograficzny, 88(2): 247–272.
Sutkowska, E. (2006). Współczesny kształt i znaczenie zieleni miejskiej jako zielonej przestrzeni publicznej w strukturze miasta - przestrzeń dla kreacji (Contemporary form and significance of town green areas as green public space in urban structure - a place for creation - in Polish). Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych, 2: 184–192.
Szczepanowska, H.B. (2012). Miejsce terenów zieleni w strukturze zintegrowanego projektowania, zarządzania i oceny ekologicznej inwestycji miejskich (The place of green spaces in the structure of designing, management and ecological assessment of investments in cities - in Polish). Człowiek i Środowisko, 36(1–2): 25–49.
Szymańska, D., Lewandowska, A. & Rogatka, K. (2015). Temporal trend of green areas in Poland between 2004 and 2012. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14(4): 1009–1016. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2015.09.008.
Tenerelli, P., Puffel, C. & Luque, S. (2017). Spatial assessment of aesthetic services in a complex mountain region: combining visual landscape properties with crowd sourced geographic information. Landscape Ecology, 32(5): 1097–1115. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-017-0498-7.
Unearth. (2021). Utilizing GIS to Streamline Urban Planning. Available at: https://www.unearthlabs.com/blogs/gis-uses-urban-planning.
UNFPA. (2011). People and possibilities in a world of 7 billion. The State of World Population (B. Crossette & R. Kollodge (eds.). The United Nation Population Found. Available at: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP2011-FINAL.pdf.
Urbański, J. (2012). GIS w badaniach przyrodniczych (GIS in environmental research - in Polish). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.
Uuemaa, E., Roosaare, J. & Mander, Ü. (2005). Scale dependence of landscape metrics and their indicatory value for nutrient and organic matter losses from catchments. Ecological Indicators, 5(4): 350–369. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.03.009.
Vich, G., Marquet, O. & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2019). Green streetscape and walking: Exploring active mobility patterns in dense and compact cities. Journal of Transport & Health, 12: 50–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2018.11.003.
Vignoli, F., de Luca, C. & Tondelli, S. (2021). A Spatial Ecosystem Services Assessment to Support Decision and Policy Making: The Case of the City of Bologna. Sustainability, 13(5): 2787. DOI: 10.3390/su13052787.
Wagner, M. (2016). Evading spatial planning law—Case study of poland. Land Use Policy, 57: 396–404. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.06.005.
Wang, X., Chen, Y., Han, Z., Yao, X., Gu, P. & Jiang, Y. (2021). Evaluation of mobile-based public participation in China’s urban planning: Case study of the PinStreet platform. Cities, 109: 102993. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102993.
WCED. (1987). Our common future (Oxford). Oxford University Press.
Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk, M. (2017). Rola parków miejskich w procesie rewitalizacji - na wybranych przykładach małych miast Małopolski (The role of public parks in revitalisation process – selected examples of small cities from the south of Poland) - in Polish). Teaka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury, PAN Oddział w Krakowie, XVL, 367–374.
Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk, M., Olczak, B. & Prus, B. (2020). Urban Features in Rural Landscape: A Case Study of the Municipality of Skawina. Sustainability, 12(11): 4638. DOI: 10.3390/su12114638.
Williams, S., Marcello, E. & Klopp, J.M. (2014). Toward Open Source Kenya: Creating and Sharing a GIS Database of Nairobi. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(1): 114–130. DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2013.846157.
Wnęk, A., Kudas, D. & Stych, P. (2021). National Level Land-Use Changes in Functional Urban Areas in Poland, Slovakia, and Czechia. Land, 10(1): 39. DOI: 10.3390/land10010039.
Wolch, J.R., Byrne, J. & Newell, J.P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough.’ Landscape and Urban Planning, 125: 234–244. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017.
Wu, M. (2021). Application of urban planning and design in Yan’an new area based on GIS technology. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(7): 593. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-021-06911-z.
Xiao, H. & Ji, W. (2007). Relating landscape characteristics to non-point source pollution in mine waste-located watersheds using geospatial techniques. Journal of Environmental Management, 82(1): 111–119.
Xu, L., Chen, S., Xu, Y., Li, G. & Su, W. (2019). Impacts of Land-Use Change on Habitat Quality during 1985–2015 in the Taihu Lake Basin. Sustainability, 11(13): 3513. DOI: 10.3390/su11133513.
Yang, J., Zhao, L., Mcbride, J. & Gong, P. (2009). Can you see green? Assessing the visibility of urban forests in cities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 91(2): 97–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.12.004.
Yang, Z., Fang, C., Mu, X., Li, G. & Xu, G. (2021). Urban green space quality in China: Quality measurement, spatial heterogeneity pattern and influencing factor. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 66: 127381. DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127381.
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Balzter, H., Qiu, B. & Cheng, J. (2019). Directional and Zonal Analysis of Urban Thermal Environmental Change in Fuzhou as an Indicator of Urban Landscape Transformation. Remote Sensing, 11(23): 2810. DOI: 10.3390/rs11232810.
Zhao, F., Li, H., Li, C., Cai, Y., Wang, X. & Liu, Q. (2019). Analyzing the influence of landscape pattern change on ecological water requirements in an arid/semiarid region of China. Journal of Hydrology, 578: 124098. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124098.
Zhu, B. & Zhou, J. (2021). Virtual design of urban planning based on GIS big data and machine learning. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 40(4): 6263–6273. DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-189463.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Katarzyna Cegielska, Piotrowski Piotr, Anita Kukulska-Kozieł
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Title, logo and layout of journal Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series are reserved trademarks of Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.Stats
Number of views and downloads: 1230
Number of citations: 0