How transport offer affect transit ridership in railway transport system in postosocialist country? A case study of Poland.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2021-0021Keywords
public transportation systems, railway transport, transit offer, transport systems, Poland.Abstract
The study examines factors influencing the number of rail passengers in Poland. The subjects of observation were 62 cities with poviat rights. The main factors influencing demand are the number of connections and the speed of trains. Therefore, we developed an original indicator – weighted number of connections, which takes into account the number of rail connections and the speed of trains.
The article can be divided into two main parts: an assessment of the diversification of transport offer and transport demand in spatial terms, and an evaluation of the relationship between the variables. Poland has a large spatial diversity in terms of public rail transport offer and passenger traffic. There are three levels of city hierarchy according to the passenger number indicator: [1] Warsaw, [2] the
largest agglomerations [3] other regional cities. Transport offer was found to have a statistically significant impact on transport demand.
References
Buehler, R. Pucher, J. (2012). Demand for public transport in Germany and the USA: An Analysis of Rider Characterictis. TransportReviews, 32(5): 541-567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2012.707695
Chakour, V. Eluru, N. (2016). Examining the influence of stop level infrastructure and built environment on bus ridership in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography, 51: 205-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.01.007
Chaberko, T. Kretowicz, P. (2014). Localpublic transport planning in Poland – geographical input. Bulletin of Geography. Socio–economics Series, 23: 7-24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0001
Chakraborty, A. Mishra, S. (2013). Land use and transit ridership connections: Implications for state-level planning agencies. Land Use Policy, 30(1): 458-469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.04.017
Cheng, Y. Loo, B.P.Y. Vickermann, R. (2015). High – speed rail networks, economic intergration and regional specialisation in China and Europe. Travel Behaviour and Society, 2: 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2014.07.002
Currie, G. Ahern, A. Delbosc, A. (2011). Exploring the drivers of light rail ridership: An empirical route level analysis of selected Australian, North American and European systems. Transportation, 38(3): 545-560. DOI: 10.1007/s11116-010-9314-9
Currie, G. Delbosc, A. (2011). Understanding bus rapid transit route ridership drivers: An empirical study of Australian BRT systems. Transport Policy, 18(5): 755-764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.03.003
Duhr, S. (2005). Potentials for polycentric development in Europe: The ESPON 1.1.1 project report. Planning Practice & Research. 20: 235-239. 10.1080/02697450500414728.
Górny, J. (2016). Voivodship self-government as the organizer of regional passenger rail transport (in Polish). Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 19 (4): 72-81.
Guzik, R. (2016). Public transport and accessibility in rural areas of Switzerland (in Polish). Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 19(4): 49-61.
Horňák, M. Pšenka, T. Križan, F. (2013). The competitiveness of the long-distance public transportation system in Slovakia. Moravian Geographical Reports, 21(4): 64-75.
Ingvardson, J.B. Nielsen, O.A. (2018). How urban density, network topology and socio-economy influence public transport ridership: Empirical evidence from 48 European metropolitan areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 72: 50-63.
Jun, M.J. Kim, J.I. Kwon, J.H. Jeong, J.E. (2013). The effects of high-density suburban development on commuter mode choices in Seoul, Korea. Cities, 31: 230-238.
Jurkowski, W. Smolarski, M. (2018).The impact of transport supply on passenger volume characterising regional rail transport in Lower Silesia. Europa XXI, 34: 79-93. DOI: http://doi.org/10.7163/Eu21.2018.34.5
Jurkowski, W. (2019). Integration of residential development with railway infrastructure in suburban areas of Kraków, Łódź, Poznań and Wrocław (in Polish). Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii I Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław.
Kepaptsoglou, K. Stathopoulos, A. Karlaftis, M. G. (2017). Ridership estimation of a new LRT system: Direct demand model approach. Journal of Transport Geography, 58: 146-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.12.004
Koziarski, S. (1993). Sieć kolejowa Polski w latach 1842-1918. Państwowy Instytut Naukowy. Opole.
Król, M. Taczanowski, J. (2016). So close, so different – regional rail transport in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies, 9(14): 159-180.
Król, M. Taczanowski, J. Kołoś, A. (2018). The rise and fall of Interregio. Extensive open-access passenger rail competition in Poland. Research in Transportation Economics, 72, 37-48.
Król, M. Taczanowski, J. Jarecki, S. Kołoś, A. (2019). Publicly-owned operators can also challenge incumbents. New cases of open-access passenger rail competition in Poland. Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management, 12: 100150.
Le, H.T.K. Carrel, A.L. Li, M. (2020). How much dissatisfaction is too much for transit? Linking transit user satisafaction and loyalty using panel data. Travel Behaviour and Society, 20: 144-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.03.007
Lierop, V.D. Badami, M. El-Geneidy, A.M. (2018). What influences satisfaction and loyalty in public transport? A review of the literature. Transport Review, 38(1): 52-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1298683
Lijewski, T. (1959). Rozwój sieci kolejowej Polski. Dokumentacja Geograficzna, z. 5, PAN, Warszawa.
Lijewski, T. Koziarski, S. (1995). Rozwój sieci kolejowej w Polsce, KOW, Warszawa.
Lijewski, T. Sujko, E.S. (2001). Spatial regression of the railroad network in Poland (in Polish). Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 7: 133-148.
Lindsey, M. Schofer, J.L. Durango-Cohen, P. Gray, K. A. (2010). Relationship between proximity to transit and ridership for journey-to-work trips in Chicago. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 44(9): 697-709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2010.07.003
Michniak, D. (2018). Changes, problems and challenges of passenger railway transport in Slovakia. Geografický časopis, 70(3): 217-230.
Pan, H. Shen, Q. Shi, C. (2017). What determines rail transit passenger volume? Implications for transit oriented development planning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57: 52-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.016
Połom, M. Tarkowski, M. (2018). The role of the Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway in the shaping of the spatial and functional structure of Gdansk (in Polish). Studia Miejskie, 30: 39-55.
Połom, M. Tarkowski, M. Puzdrakiewicz, K. (2018). Urban transformation in the context of rail transport development: the case of a newly built railway line in Gdańsk (Poland). Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1218041
Pucher, J. (1990). Capitalism, socialism and urban transportation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 56: 278-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944369008975773
Pucher, J. (1995). The road to ruin?: Impacts of economic shock therapy on urban transport in Poland. Transport Policy, 2(1): 5-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-070X(95)93241-P
Pucher, J. Buehler, R. (2005). Transport policies in central and Eastern Europe. Rutgers University, New Brunshwick NJ.
Ratner, K.A. Goetz, A.R. (2013). The reshaping of land use and urban form in Denver through transit-oriented development. Cities, 30: 31-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.08.007
Taczanowski, J. (2015). The effects of liberalisation of the passenger railway market on the situation of regional rail connections in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria. Review of Economic Perspectives, 15(3): 249-268.
Taylor, B.D. Fink, C.Y. (2003). The factors influencing transit ridership: A review and analysis of the ridership literature. University of California, Berkeley.
Taylor, B.D. Miller, D. Iseki, H. Fink, C. (2009). Nature and/or nurture? Analyzing the determinants of transit ridership across US urbanized areas. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 431: 60-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.06.007
Taylor, Z. (2006). Railway closures to passenger traffic in Poland and their social consequences. Journal of Transport Geography, 14(2): 135-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2005.05.003
Taylor, Z. (2007). Rozwój i regres sieci kolejowej w Polsce. Monografie IGiPZ, Warszawa.
Taylor, Z. Ciechański, A. (2011). Recent organizational and ownership transformations of railroad transport enterprises in Poland - part II (in Polish). Przegląd Geograficzny, 83(2): 205-231.
Thomson, G.L. Brown, J.R. (2006). Explaining variation in transit ridership in U.S. metropolitan areas between 1990 and 2000. Transportation Research Record, 1: 172-181.
Van Acker, V. Van Vee, B. Witlox, F. (2010). When transport geography meets social psychology: toward a conceptual model of travel behaviour. Transport Reviews, 30(2): 219-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640902943453
Walton, D. Sunseri, S. (2010). Factors influencing the decision to drive or walk short distances to public transport facilities. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 4(4): 212–226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15568310902927040
Wang, J. Mo, H. Wang, F. Jin, F. (2011). Exploring the network structure and nodal centrality of China’s air transport network: A complex network approach. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(4): 712-721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.08.012
Yim, K.K.W. Wong, S.C. Chen, A. Wong, C.L. Lam, W.H.K. (2005). A reliability-based land use and transportation optimization model. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 19(2): 351–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.05.019
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Title, logo and layout of journal Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series are reserved trademarks of Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.Stats
Number of views and downloads: 643
Number of citations: 0
