Cold Water Immersion and Mental Well-Being in Athletes A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.78.76479Keywords
cold water immersion, recovery, psychological responses, mood, perceived recovery, stress, mental fatigue, athletesAbstract
Introduction
Cold water immersion is commonly employed by athletes as a recovery method to support restoration after physical exertion. Although its physiological benefits have been extensively documented, increasing interest has focused on its influence on psychological variables, including mood state, perceived recovery, stress levels, and mental fatigue.
Literature Review
Evidence suggests that cold water immersion positively affects several psychological domains, particularly subjective outcomes such as improved mood, reduced stress, and enhanced perceived recovery. Athletes often report better well-being and readiness for subsequent exercise, even without clear physiological changes. However, findings on cognitive function remain inconsistent.
Materials and Methods
This review included experimental studies, randomized controlled trials, crossover designs, and review articles involving athletes and physically active individuals. Psychological variables were assessed using validated subjective measures. Due to heterogeneity in study protocols and measurement tools, a qualitative synthesis was applied.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Stanisław Ferdynand Strzępek, Piotr Wysokiński, Sebastian Szmeja, Julia Masalska, Paweł Adam Król, Kacper Robert Toczydłowski, Natalia Mazek, Maria Mamczak, Paweł Klimas, Martyna Michalik
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