The role of physical activity in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) is one of the fundamental elements of secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardial infarction (MI), as well as a key component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Available evidence indicates that higher levels of PA are associated with lower mortality, reduced risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, better physical capacity, improved quality of life, and more favorable control of cardiovascular risk factors. Despite these documented benefits, participation in CR and long-term maintenance of the recommended level of PA remain insufficient.

Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to present the role of PA in secondary prevention after MI, with particular emphasis on its impact on prognosis, physical capacity, quality of life, cardiovascular risk factors, and the importance of CR.

Material and methods
A narrative literature review was conducted, including observational studies, randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and review articles concerning PA, CR, and secondary prevention after ACS and MI.

Conclusions
PA and exercise-based CR are fundamental elements of post-MI care. Their benefits include improved prognosis, physical performance, quality of life, and modification of major cardiovascular risk factors. Improving access to CR, patient education, and long-term maintenance of PA should remain one of the main goals of secondary prevention.