Dental Erosion in Athletes and the Impact of Sports and Energy Drinks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.76.75402Keywords
dental erosion, sports drinks, energy drinks, sports dentistry, sports medicine, salivary flowAbstract
Background. Erosive tooth wear (ETW) in athletes is a significant clinical challenge. High consumption of low-pH sports and energy drinks, combined with exercise-induced drops in salivary flow and buffering capacity, strongly promotes dental demineralization. Paradoxically, despite high physical fitness, athletes often exhibit poor oral health.
Aim. To evaluate the etiology, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of ETW in athletes, focusing on the erosive potential of sports and energy drinks. Additionally, to systematize knowledge on differential diagnosis and current preventive standards.
Material and methods. A narrative review of 36 peer-reviewed sources (in vitro studies, cross-sectional analyses, meta-analyses, and expert consensus) was conducted. Data on salivary parameters, beverage chemistry, epidemiology, and preventive protocols were synthesized.
Results. ETW prevalence among athletes is high, ranging from 30% to 85% in specific cohorts. Intense exertion significantly reduces salivary flow and buffering capacity, leaving teeth defenseless against dietary acids. Preventive strategies using high-concentration fluorides, CPP-ACP, and biomimetic hydroxyapatite effectively mitigate mineral loss.
Conclusions. ETW in athletes requires an interdisciplinary approach. Routine dental screenings (e.g., using the BEWE index) and nutritional education are essential to minimize damage from acidic beverages during exercise-induced salivary impairment.
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