Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) Supplementation for Athletes: A Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.65.73960Keywords
Ganoderma lucidum, Reishi, athletic performance, endurance, sport, antioxidantAbstract
Ganoderma lucidum supplementation has gained increasing popularity over recent decades, with a growing number of health benefits, and therapeutic applications being attributed to this medicinal mushroom. Owing to its rich content of antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory compounds, G. lucidum has attracted considerable scientific interest, particularly in the context of cancer prevention and management, as well as cardiovascular health. More recently, these properties have prompted interest in the potential application of G. lucidum supplementation in sport, and exercise settings. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the effects of G. lucidum on athletic performance, overall health, and antioxidant status in athletes. The available scientific evidence suggests, that this supplement may possess ergogenic, and health-promoting potential. Several in vitro studies, together with a limited number of human investigations, have reported favourable outcomes, including improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and muscle strength, indicating a potentially beneficial effect of Reishi supplementation. However, the current body of evidence remains limited. Most human studies have relatively small sample sizes, and the available findings are insufficient to support definitive supplementation recommendations. Consequently, further well-designed studies are required before specific guidelines can be established regarding the use of G. lucidum in athletes, or its application within particular sporting disciplines.
References
[1] R. Ahmad et al., “Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) an edible mushroom; a comprehensive and critical review of its nutritional, cosmeceutical, mycochemical, pharmacological, clinical, and toxicological properties,” Phytotherapy Research, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 6030–6062, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1002/PTR.7215.
[2] E. Ekiz et al., “Exploring the Potential Medicinal Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum: From Metabolic Disorders to Coronavirus Infections,” Foods, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1512, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3390/FOODS12071512.
[3] S. Wu et al., “Ganoderma lucidum: a comprehensive review of phytochemistry, efficacy, safety and clinical study,” Food Science and Human Wellness, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 568–596, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250051.
[4] B. S. Sanodiya, G. S. Thakur, R. K. Baghel, G. B. K. S. Prasad, and P. S. Bisen, “Ganoderma lucidum: A Potent Pharmacological Macrofungus,” Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol., vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 717–742, Nov. 2009, doi: 10.2174/138920109789978757.
[5] B. Boh, M. Berovic, J. Zhang, and L. Zhi-Bin, “Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds,” Biotechnol. Annu. Rev., vol. 13, pp. 265–301, 2007, doi: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13010-6.
[6] A. González, V. Atienza, A. Montoro, and J. M. Soriano, “Use of Ganoderma lucidum (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) as Radioprotector,” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 1143, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.3390/NU12041143.
[7] A. F. El Sheikha, “Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum ‘Lingzhi, Reishi, or Mannentake’ as Functional Foods: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives,” Foods, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 1030, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.3390/FOODS11071030.
[8] H. W. Kim and B. K. Kim, “Biomedicinal Triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetideae),” Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 121–138, 1999, doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v1.i2.20.
[9] M. C. A. Galappaththi et al., “A Review of Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their Bioactivities,” Biomolecules, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 24, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/BIOM13010024.
[10] J. Liu, J. Shiono, K. Shimizu, A. Kukita, T. Kukita, and R. Kondo, “Ganoderic acid DM: Anti-androgenic osteoclastogenesis inhibitor,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 2154–2157, Apr. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.119.
[11] N. Kim, J. Kim, K. Lim, and J. Park, “Role of dihydrotestosterone in whole-body energy utilization during acute running exercise in mice.,” J. Exerc. Nutrition Biochem., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 7–11, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0010.
[12] S. Nie, H. Zhang, W. Li, and M. Xie, “Current development of polysaccharides from Ganoderma: Isolation, structure and bioactivities,” Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10–20, Jan. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.01.001.
[13] M. Cai et al., “Characteristics and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum separated by cascade membrane technology,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 269, p. 118329, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118329.
[14] Z. Zhonghui, Z. Xiaowei, and F. Fang, “Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides on Exercise-induced Fatigue in Mice,” Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 511–518, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.3923/ajava.2013.511.518.
[15] S. Wu, “Hypolipidaemic and anti-lipidperoxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide,” Int. J. Biol. Macromol., vol. 118, pp. 2001–2005, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.082.
[16] T. T. W. Chu, I. F. F. Benzie, C. W. K. Lam, B. S. P. Fok, K. K. C. Lee, and B. Tomlinson, “Study of potential cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial,” Br. J. Nutr., vol. 107, no. 7, pp. 1017–1027, 2012, doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003795.
[17] M. Celeski et al., “Fit but not immune from the risk: the hidden burden of dyslipidemia in elite athletes,” Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol., Sep. 2025, doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf607.
[18] M. Aref, M. Khoshhali, P. Ghasemi, S. Adeli, M. Heidari Beni, and R. Kelishadi, “Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on serum lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis on animal studies,” J. Res. Med. Sci., vol. 28, no. 1, p. 70, 2023, doi: 10.4103/JRMS.JRMS_175_23.
[19] L. Luo, L. M. Cai, and X. J. Hu, “Evaluation of the Anti-Hypoxia and Anti-Fatigue Effects of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> Polysaccharides,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 522–524, pp. 303–306, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.522-524.303.
[20] L. Yingji, P. Shuiting, and X. Peng, “Protective Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide on Myocardial Tissue in Mice under Exercise Fatigue,” Science and Technology of Food Industry, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 366–375, 2023, doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022050301.
[21] Z. Zhonghui, Z. Xiaowei, and F. Fang, “Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides supplementation attenuates exercise-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of mice,” Saudi J. Biol. Sci., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 119–123, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.04.004.
[22] P. Sharma and R. Tulsawani, “Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract prevents hypobaric hypoxia induced memory deficit by modulating neurotransmission, neuroplasticity and maintaining redox homeostasis,” Scientific Reports 2020 10:1, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 8944-, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65812-5.
[23] J. Kolniak-Ostek, J. Oszmiański, A. Szyjka, H. Moreira, and E. Barg, “Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities in Ganoderma lucidum Wild Mushrooms in Poland, as Well as Their Phenolic and Triterpenoid Compounds,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 23, no. 16, p. 9359, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.3390/IJMS23169359.
[24] S. K. Ferguson et al., “Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on exercising muscle vascular control in rats,” J. Physiol., vol. 591, no. Pt 2, p. 547, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1113/JPHYSIOL.2012.243121.
[25] J. Bowtell and V. Kelly, “Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance,” Sports Med., vol. 49, no. Suppl 1, p. 3, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1007/S40279-018-0998-X.
[26] G. Cao, J. Zuo, B. Wu, and Y. Wu, “Polyphenol supplementation boosts aerobic endurance in athletes: systematic review.,” Front. Physiol., vol. 15, p. 1369174, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1369174.
[27] X. Peng and M. Qiu, “Meroterpenoids from Ganoderma Species: A Review of Last Five Years,” Nat. Prod. Bioprospect., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 137, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1007/S13659-018-0164-Z.
[28] T. Manyi et al., “Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil on anti-fatigue property in mice,” Practical Preventive Medicine, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 330–333, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-3110.2025.03.015.
[29] K. Jung, I.-H. Kim, and D. Han, “Effect of medicinal plant extracts on forced swimming capacity in mice,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 75–81, Jul. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.022.
[30] K. Li et al., “The anti-fatigue and sleep-aiding effects vary significantly among different recipes containing Ganoderma lucidum extracts,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 10, p. e30907, May 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E30907.
[31] H. Li et al., “Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and ‘Essence of Chicken’ on Physical Fatigue Recovery and Exercise Performance Improvement,” Chin. J. Physiol., vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 372–383, 2018, doi: 10.4077/CJP.2018.BAH646.
[32] S. Mitra, M. Mitra, D. K. Nandi, M. Saha, and A. Bandyopadhyay, “Efficacy of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Supplementation on Psychological Stress and Selective Fitness Profile Parameters in Female College Students in West Bengal, India,” Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 51–64, 2024, doi: 10.1615/INTJMEDMUSHROOMS.2024055300.
[33] X. Li, “Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on exercise fatigue and exercise-induced immunosuppression,” Edible Fungi China, vol. 39, pp. 45–48, 2020, doi: 10.13629/j.cnki.53-1054.2020.02.013.
[34] P. Rossi et al., “Improving Training Condition Assessment in Endurance Cyclists: Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Ophiocordyceps sinensis Dietary Supplementation,” Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med., vol. 2014, p. 979613, 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/979613.
[35] M. Y. Shu, X. C. Zhang, L. Zuo, F. L. Jiang, J. Liang, and F. Li, “Effects of fungal supplementation on endurance, immune function, and hematological profiles in adult athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Front. Nutr., vol. 12, p. 1670416, 2025, doi: 10.3389/FNUT.2025.1670416/FULL.
[36] Y. Liu, “The effect of Ganoderma spp. extract on physical fitness of athletes,” Edible Fungi China, pp. 232–234, 2020, doi: 10.13629/j.cnki.53-1054.2020.04.071.
[37] L. Zhao, “Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on athletes’anti-lipid peroxidation,” Edible Fungi China, vol. 40, pp. 75–79, 2021, doi: 10.13629/j.cnki.53-1054.2021.02.014.
[38] Z. Y, L. Z, H. Y, and W. F, “Effect of Ganoderma lucidum capsules on T lymphocyte subsets in football players on ‘living high-training low,’” Br. J. Sports Med., vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 819–822, Oct. 2008, doi: 10.1136/BJSM.2007.038620.
[39] D. C. Mateo et al., “GANODERMA LUCIDUM IMPROVES PHYSICAL FITNESS IN WOMEN WITH FIBROMYALGIA,” Nutr. Hosp., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2126–2135, 2015, doi: 10.3305/NH.2015.32.5.9601.
[40] H. Patel, H. Alkhawam, R. Madanieh, N. Shah, C. E. Kosmas, and T. J. Vittorio, “Aerobic vs anaerobic exercise training effects on the cardiovascular system,” World J. Cardiol., vol. 9, no. 2, p. 134, 2017, doi: 10.4330/WJC.V9.I2.134.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Kacper Szada-Borzyszkowski, Konstancja Owczarenko

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Stats
Number of views and downloads: 49
Number of citations: 0