The Role of Physical Activity in the Aging Process of the Human Body

Abstract

Purpose of the research:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of regular physical activity, particularly strength and multicomponent training, on age-related involutional processes and overall health-related quality of life among individuals over 45 years of age.

Materials and methods:
The study was conducted in April 2026 using an original questionnaire developed for the purpose of this research. The study group consisted of 59 individuals aged over 45 years, representing various levels of physical activity. A purposive sampling method was applied.

Results:
The results showed that 78% of respondents reported a significant improvement in their overall well-being after implementing regular physical training. Moreover, 83% of participants reported an increase in functional strength, while 52.5% observed a reduction in spinal and joint pain. Regular physical activity was found to positively influence sleep quality (86.4%), vitality (80%), optimism (78%), and stress reduction (78%). Furthermore, 100% of respondents recommended regular physical training to their peers as an effective method of maintaining physical fitness.

Conclusions:
Physical activity is an effective non-pharmacological intervention supporting the limitation of age-related involutional processes. Regular training contributes to reducing musculoskeletal pain, improving cognitive functioning, and promoting social integration, making it an important element of gerontological prevention and a key component of successful aging.