Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Oroantral Communication as a Complication Following Extraction of Permanent Maxillary Teeth, Implications to Physical Activity and Sport - Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2026.63.73210Keywords
Oroantral communication, complication, extraction, CBCT, dental surgeryAbstract
Background: Oroantral Communication (OAC) is a pathological connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. It is most frequently created as a complication during the extraction of posterior maxillary teeth, with an incidence ranging from 0,31 to 4,8%. If the OAC is not managed and closed within 48-72 hours, the tract of connection undergoes epithelialization and progresses to an oroantral fistula (OAF). This leads to chronic sinusitis, causing headaches, passage of fluids, and a significant reduction in the patient’s quality of life. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to assess diagnostic possibilities, preventive strategies, and therapeutic techniques, and to compare modern and traditional methods for managing the OAC. Material and methods: This paper searched the literature on electronic databases, including PubMed, using the keywords: “Oroantral Communication”, “Oroantral Fistula”, “Extraction Complications”, and “CBCT”. Articles include randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews from 2007 to the present year. Results: Research shows that CBCT is the gold standard for assessing the risk of OAC. It provides a three-dimensional evaluation of the root apex position and orientation, allowing precise procedure planning and minimizing iatrogenic risk. When it comes to treatment, surgical closure has an over 90% success rate. Evidence shows that the buccal fat pad is the most efficient technique when the OAC size exceeds 5 mm. For smaller communications, up to 5 mm, the use of PRF and collagen membranes (GTR) allows for effective closure without reducing vestibular depth. The flapless techniques are also better tolerated by patients. Conclusions: Oroantral communication is a relatively frequent complication; its early management is key to preventing chronic sinusitis. The treatment plan depends on the size of the communication track, the patient’s health condition, and further treatment plans.
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